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Table 3 Sensitivity analyses around indirect effectiveness of PCV13 and co-infection assumptions in normal and pandemic influenza seasons

From: Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in a pandemic similar to the 2009 H1N1 in the United States

Normal season

 

Base-Case

IPD indirect effects only

No indirect effects

Halve % with bacterial co-infection

Cases avoided

    

  IPD

13,400

13,400

2,100

13,400

  Hospitalized pneumonia

57,400

5,000

5,000

57,400

  Non-Hospitalized pneumonia

341,200

62,300

62,400

341,200

Deaths averted

2,900

1,200

40

2,900

Cost /(savings)

$ (472) M

$ 82 M

$ 299 M

($ 472 M)

QALYs gained

41,524

18,953

4,484

41,524

Cost per QALY gained

dominant

$4,300

$66,800

dominant

Pandemic similar to 2009–2010 H1N1

 

Base-Case

IPD indirect effects only

No indirect effects

Halve % with bacterial co-infection

Cases avoided

    

  IPD

22,800

22,800

5,700

16,900

  Hospitalized pneumonia

97,700

13,700

13,900

72,600

  Non-Hospitalized pneumonia

773,800

170,800

171,900

504,000

Deaths averted

3,700

1,600

110

3,200

Cost/(savings)

($ 1.02 B)

($ 130 M)

$ 180 M

($ 676 M)

QALYs gained

51,637

25,671

4,844

44,023

Cost per QALY gained

dominant

dominant

$37,100

dominant

  1. IPD, Invasive pneumococcal disease; M, Million; B, Billion; QALY, Quality-adjusted life-year.