Table 4 Univariate clinical and demographic associations with complicated or fatal disease in 364 adults admitted to hospital with non-typhoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis who had a blood culture taken
Complicated or fatal disease | Uncomplicated disease | OR (95% CI) | p1 | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | 91 (25.0) | 273 (75.0) | ||||
Age ≥ 65 years | 35 (38.5) | 41 (15.0) | 3.54 (2.07–6.05) | <0.001 | ||
Male gender | 37 (40.7) | 134 (49.1) | 0.71 (0.44–1.15) | 0.183 | ||
Current smoker | 30 (33.0) | 83 (30.4) | 1.13 (0.66–1.93) | 0.110 | ||
Current alcohol user | 48 (52.7) | 176 (64.5) | 0.06 (0.37–1.02) | 0.062 | ||
Recent travel history | 14 (15.4) | 35 (12.8) | 1.24 (0.63–2.42) | 0.595 | ||
Chronic disease | 41 (45.1) | 72 (26.4) | 2.29 (1.40–3.75) | 0.002 | ||
Hypochlorhydria | 15 (16.5) | 24 (8.8) | 2.05 (1.02–4.10) | 0.050 | ||
Recent antibiotic therapy | 7 (7.7) | 25 (9.2) | 0.83 (0.35–1.98) | 0.831 | ||
Duration symptoms > 4 days | 47 (51.6) | 87 (31.9) | 2.28 (1.41–3.70) | 0.001 | 2.48 (1.44–4.27) | 0.001 |
Bloody diarrhoea | 14 (15.4) | 51 (18.7) | 0.79 (0.42–1.51) | 0.530 | ||
Abdominal pain | 69 (75.8) | 215 (78.8) | 0.85 (0.48–1.48) | 0.561 | ||
Vomiting | 65 (71.4) | 200 (73.3) | 0.91 (0.54–1.55) | 0.786 | ||
Pyrexia | 35 (38.5) | 145 (53.1) | 0.55 (0.34–0.90) | 0.016 | 0.56 (0.32–0.95) | 0.033 |
Rigors | 14 (15.4) | 69 (23.5) | 0.54 (0.29–1.01) | 0.060 | ||
Headache | 20 (22.0) | 88 (32.2) | 0.59 (0.34–1.03) | 0.065 | ||
Cough | 11 (12.1) | 21 (7.7) | 1.65 (0.76–3.57) | 0.204 | ||
Admission temperature > 38°C 3 | 24 (26.4) | 84 (31.1) | 0.81 (0.46–1.42) | 0.508 | ||
Admission pulse > 90/min 4 | 46 (50.5) | 105 (38.9) | 1.61(1.00–2.59) | 0.065 | ||
Dehydration | 67 (73.6) | 148 (54.2) | 2.36 (1.40–3.98) | 0.001 | 1.90 (1.07–3.38) | 0.029 |
Abdominal tenderness | 44 (48.4) | 155 (56.8) | 0.71 (0.44–1.15) | 0.182 | ||
Mental impairment | 18 (19.8) | 9 (3.3) | 7.23 (3.12–16.77) | <0.001 | 4.80 (1.91–12.07) | 0.001 |
Leococytosis 5 | 25 (27.5) | 41 (15.1) | 2.13 (1.21–3.77) | 0.012 | ||
Leucopenia 6 | 4 (4.4) | 15 (5.5) | 0.79 (0.26–2.44) | 0.792 | ||
Anaemia 7 | 9 (9.9) | 20 (7.4) | 1.38 (0.61–3.16) | 0.503 | ||
Elevated urea 8 | 46 (50.5) | 67 (24.9) | 3.08 (1.88–5.06) | < 0.001 | ||
Serovar Enteritidis infection | 47 (51.6) | 136 (49.8) | 1.08 (0.65–1.78) | 0.856 | ||
Serovar Typhimurium infection | 18 (19.8) | 78 (28.6) | 0.62 (0.33–1.14) | 0.131 | ||
Serovar Virchow infection | 7 (7.7) | 16 (5.9) | 1.34 (0.48–3.61) | 0.709 | ||
Positive blood culture | 37 (40.7) | 26 (9.5) | 6.51 (3.64–11.64) | <0.001 | 5.34 (2.86–9.95) | 0.001 |