Table 1 Summary of 14 brain biopsies from patients with encephalitis analysed in our laboratory using PAS staining, immunohistochemistry with polyclonal rabbit antibodies specifically directed against T. whipplei and specific PCR
Brain biopsies | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | Sex/Age | Country of origin | PAS staining | T. whipplei immunohistochemistry | T. whipplei PCR |
False-positive PAS staining associated with negative immunohistochemistry | |||||
Excluded diagnosis of T. whipplei encephalitis | |||||
*1 | F/67 | Ireland | Positive | Negative | Negative |
*2 | M/25 | Canada | Positive | Negative | Negative |
*3 | M/42 | France | Positive | Negative | Negative |
*4 | M/37 | Belgium | Positive | Negative | Negative |
*5 | NA/NA | Japan | Positive | Negative | Negative |
*6 | M/34 | France | Positive | Negative | Negative |
*7 | M/64 | France | Positive | Negative | Negative |
*8 | M/66 | France | Positive | Negative | Negative |
Diagnosis of T. whipplei encephalitis not available due to lack of PCR 2 | |||||
*9 | M/73 | Japan | Positive | Negative | NA 1 |
*10 | M/14 | USA | Positive | Negative | NA 1 |
*11 | NA/NA | South-Africa | Positive | Negative | NA 1 |
*12 | M/NA | Canada | Positive | Negative | NA 1 |
False-negative PAS staining and immunohistochemistry | |||||
*2Patient 1 in this study | M/39 | France | Negative | Negative | Positive |
*2Patient 5 in this study | F/33 | France | Negative | Negative | Positive |