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Table 6 Symptoms, perceived causes, and self treatment for a cholera and a shigellosis vignette in Zanzibar, n = 356

From: Social and cultural features of cholera and shigellosis in peri-urban and rural communities of Zanzibar

 

Only cholera vignetteb

Only shigellosis vignetteb

Both cholera & shigellosis vignettec

 

Kappa coefficiente

Categorya

%

%

%

p valued

Estimate

95% CI

Somatic symptoms

      

Abdominal pain/discomfort

24.2

38.2

13.2

< 0.001

0.18

0.08 - 0.28

Loose skin

18.3

5.6

3.4

< 0.001

0.21

0.09 - 0.34

Loss of appetite

11.8

13.5

3.1

0.467

0.14

0.01 - 0.26

Sunken eyes

29.5

8.4

5.1

< 0.001

0.16

0.06 - 0.25

Weakness

64.9

57.0

45.2

0.008

0.34

0.25 - 0.44

Other somatic symptoms

13.2

12.4

2.5

0.726

0.08

-0.04 - 0.20

Cannot say

18.5

22.8

9.8

0.087

0.34

0.23 - 0.46

Psycho-social problems

      

Costs (transport, food, drugs)

19.1

20.8

12.6

0.405

0.54

0.43 - 0.65

Fear of infecting others

19.7

2.0

1.1

< 0.001

0.07

-0.01 - 0.15

Fear of isolation from others

14.3

4.2

2.0

< 0.001

0.16

0.03 - 0.29

Interference with social relationships

24.7

15.2

12.6

< 0.001

0.55

0.44 - 0.65

Interference with work/daily activities

70.5

61.8

53.9

0.001

0.46

0.35 - 0.55

Loss of family income

52.8

43.5

34.0

0.001

0.44

0.35 - 0.53

Sadness, anxiety, worry

59.3

58.7

47.2

0.827

0.51

0.42 - 0.60

Perceived causes

      

Contact with contaminated water

27.5

2.8

1.7

< 0.001

0.06

-0.01 - 0.13

Dirty environment

71.6

32.6

28.4

< 0.001

0.17

0.11 - 0.25

Drinking contaminated water

30.6

21.6

9.6

0.003

0.15

0.04 - 0.26

Eating unprotected/spoiled food

30.1

29.8

12.1

0.929

0.15

0.04 - 0.26

Flies

30.3

13.2

5.9

< 0.001

0.11

0.01 - 0.21

God's will

10.1

13.8

3.9

0.085

0.24

0.10 - 0.38

Not washing hands

11.5

9.0

1.1

0.264

0.01

-0.10 - 0.12

Cannot say

7.3

23.0

5.6

< 0.001

0.29

0.18 - 0.41

Self treatment at home

      

Antibiotics/drugs

11.0

20.5

3.4

< 0.001

0.08

-0.03 - 0.19

Doing nothing at home

23.9

20.2

10.4

0.154

0.32

0.21 - 0.44

Drinking more water or liquids

18.8

10.7

5.9

< 0.001

0.31

0.18 - 0.43

Herbal treatment

49.2

55.6

35.7

0.035

0.33

0.24 - 0.43

Oral rehydration therapy

11.0

5.9

2.8

0.004

0.28

0.12 - 0.44

  1. a Categories ordered alphabetically, except "cannot say". Categories reported by less than 5% of the sample for each vignette not listed; b Proportion of categories reported spontaneously for either cholera or shigellosis vignette; c Proportion of categories reported spontaneously for both vignettes; d McNemar's Chi2 test used to compare population proportions between both vignettes. Bold figures (p ≤ 0.05) indicate significant differences; e Kappa coefficients (presented with 95% confidence intervals) greater than or equal to 0.4 suggest no differentiation of illness categories (bold figures).
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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