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  1. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes of pediatric hospital admissions in the developed world. The ribonuclease Dicer is an important regulator of gene expression and cellular f...

    Authors: Christopher S Inchley, Tonje Sonerud, Hans O Fjærli and Britt Nakstad
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Controlling airborne contamination is of major importance in burn units because of the high susceptibility of burned patients to infections and the unique environmental conditions that can accentuate the infec...

    Authors: Christian Beauchêne, Nicolas Laudinet, Firas Choukri, Jean-Luc Rousset, Sofiane Benhamadouche, Juliette Larbre, Marc Chaouat, Marc Benbunan, Maurice Mimoun, Jean-Patrick Lajonchère, Vance Bergeron and Francis Derouin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Malaria and Tuberculosis (TB) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Malaria prevention reduces mortality among HIV patients, pregnant women and children, but its role in TB patients is not...

    Authors: Raffaella Colombatti, Martina Penazzato, Federica Bassani, Cesaltina Silva Vieira, Antonia Araujo Lourenço, Fina Vieira, Simone Teso, Carlo Giaquinto and Fabio Riccardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. When to initiate antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients is a diffcult clinical decision. Actually, it is still a matter of discussion whether early highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during ...

    Authors: Paola Paci, Federico Martini, Massimo Bernaschi, Gianpiero D'Offizi and Filippo Castiglione
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Chronic infections and associated inflammatory markers are suggested risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, is suggested to play a role in the regulat...

    Authors: Anders Johansson, Marie Eriksson, Ann-Marie Åhrén, Kurt Boman, Jan-Håkan Jansson, Göran Hallmans and Ingegerd Johansson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Deficits in growth observed in HIV-infected children in resource-poor settings can be reversed with antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, many of the studies have been conducted in urban areas with older pe...

    Authors: Catherine G Sutcliffe, Janneke H van Dijk, Bornface Munsanje, Francis Hamangaba, Pamela Sinywimaanzi, Philip E Thuma and William J Moss
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. We examined the utility of serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) for the diagnoses, severity assessments, and predicting the prognoses of patients with sepsis and c...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Danyang She, Dan Feng, Yanhong Jia and Lixin Xie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Although the WHO guideline for the management of dengue fever considers the presence of ascites or pleural effusions in the diagnosis of DSS, it does not emphasize the importance of their presence when selecti...

    Authors: Ranjan Premaratna, Erandi Liyanaarachchi, Mindu Weerasinghe and H Janaka de Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:52
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. There is current interest in the role of perinatal factors in the aetiology of diseases that occur later in life. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) can follow late primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), ...

    Authors: Imran Mahmud, Omar A Abdel-Mannan, Clare J Wotton and Michael J Goldacre
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Human bocavirus 2(HBoV2) and other human bocavirus species (HBoV, HBoV3, and HBoV4) have been discovered recently. But the precise phylogenetic relationships among these viruses are not clear yet.

    Authors: Weixia Cheng, Jinan Chen, Ziqian Xu, Jiemei Yu, Canping Huang, Miao Jin, Huiying Li, Ming Zhang, Yu Jin and Zhao-jun Duan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Salmonellosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases and a major threat to public health. Salmonella serotype Virchow ranks among the top five serovars in Europe.

    Authors: Mario Bonalli, Roger Stephan, Ursula Käppeli, Nicole Cernela, Luzius Adank and Herbert Hächler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Few population-based studies provide epidemiological data on infective endocarditis (IE). Aim of the study is to analyze incidence and outcomes of IE in the Veneto Region (North-Eastern Italy).

    Authors: Ugo Fedeli, Elena Schievano, Dora Buonfrate, Giampietro Pellizzer and Paolo Spolaore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a high mortality rate and a high rate of sequelae among survivors. The aim of this study is to assess the current epi...

    Authors: Anne-Sophie H Christensen, Åse B Andersen, Vibeke Ø Thomsen, Peter H Andersen and Isik S Johansen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Outcomes for hospitalized patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TP) have rarely been reported, and whether or not pulmonary involvement affects outcomes is uncertain. This study aimed to analyze the in-hospital ...

    Authors: Chin-Chung Shu, Jann-Tay Wang, Jann-Yuan Wang, Li-Na Lee and Chong-Jen Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. HIV-infected drug users are at higher risk of non-adherence and poor treatment outcomes than HIV-infected non-drug users. Prior work from our group and others suggests that directly administered antiretroviral...

    Authors: Bernadette Anna Mullen, Katie Cook, Richard D Moore, Cynthia Rand, Noya Galai, Mary E McCaul, Sheldon Glass, Krisann K Oursler and Gregory M Lucas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:45
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  16. Q fever has become a major public health problem in the Netherlands. Infection with Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) during pregnancy has resulted in adverse pregnancy outcome in the majority of reported cases. Theref...

    Authors: Wim van der Hoek, Jamie CE Meekelenkamp, Alexander CAP Leenders, Nancy Wijers, Daan W Notermans and Chantal WPM Hukkelhoven
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially corrects immune dysfunction associated with HIV infection. The levels of T-cell immune activation and exhaustion after long-term, suppressive ART and their correlation wi...

    Authors: Damalie Nakanjako, Isaac Ssewanyana, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Agnes Kiragga, Robert Colebunders, Yukari C Manabe, Rose Nabatanzi, Moses R Kamya and Huyen Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Cambodia is among the 22 high-burden TB countries, and has one of the highest rates of TB in South-East Asia. This study aimed to describe the genetic diversity among clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (...

    Authors: Jian Zhang, Seiha Heng, Stéphanie Le Moullec, Guislaine Refregier, Brigitte Gicquel, Christophe Sola and Bertrand Guillard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Direct immunofluorescence assays (DFA) are a rapid and inexpensive method for the detection of respiratory viruses and may therefore be used for surveillance. Few epidemiological studies have been published ba...

    Authors: Christine D Sadeghi, Christoph Aebi, Meri Gorgievski-Hrisoho, Kathrin Mühlemann and Maria Teresa Barbani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Abacavir has been associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction, but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown. We evaluated longitudinal changes in pro-atherosclerotic biomarkers in patients...

    Authors: Authors: Sergio Padilla, Mar Masiá, Natalia García, Inmaculada Jarrin, Consuelo Tormo and Félix Gutiérrez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. We aimed to determine the incidence of Hepatitis C (HCV) infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a Sexual Health Centre.

    Authors: Deepa G Gamage, Tim RH Read, Catriona S Bradshaw, Jane S Hocking, Kerry Howley, Marcus Y Chen and Christopher K Fairley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Children born to HIV+ mothers are exposed intra-utero to several drugs and cytokines that can modify the developing immune system, and influence the newborn's immune response to infections and vaccines. We ana...

    Authors: Eliane Borges-Almeida, Helaine MBPM Milanez, Maria Marluce S Vilela, Fernanda GP Cunha, Beatriz M Abramczuk, Suiellen C Reis-Alves, Konradin Metze and Irene Lorand-Metze
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent ye...

    Authors: Wouter Van den Broeck, Corrado Gioannini, Bruno Gonçalves, Marco Quaggiotto, Vittoria Colizza and Alessandro Vespignani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:37
    Content type: Software Published on:

  24. The spread of influenza viruses in a community are influenced by several factors, but no reports have focused on the relationship between the incidence of influenza and characteristics of small neighborhoods i...

    Authors: Yoshinari Kimura, Reiko Saito, Yoshiki Tsujimoto, Yasuhiko Ono, Tomoki Nakaya, Yugo Shobugawa, Asami Sasaki, Taeko Oguma and Hiroshi Suzuki
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Differences in the determinants of Chlamydia trachomatis ('chlamydia') and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) genital infection in women are not well understood.

    Authors: Jennifer Walker, Christopher K Fairley, Catriona S Bradshaw, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Marcus Y Chen, Jimmy Twin, Nicole Taylor, Basil Donovan, John K Kaldor, Kathleen McNamee, Eve Urban, Sandra Walker, Marian Currie, Hudson Birden, Francis Bowden, Jane Gunn…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Dengue virus infection is a public health threat to hundreds of millions of individuals in the tropical regions of the globe. Although Dengue infection usually manifests itself in its mildest, though often deb...

    Authors: Brenda B Folly, Almeriane M Weffort-Santos, CG Fathman and Luis RB Soares
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Human pythiosis is an emerging and life-threatening infectious disease caused by Pythium insidiosum. It occurs primarily in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas of the world, including Thailand. The aim of t...

    Authors: Tavitiya Sudjaritruk and Virat Sirisanthana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:33
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  28. Diarrhoea accounts for 20% of all paediatric deaths in India. Despite WHO recommendations and IAP (Indian Academy of Paediatrics) and Government of India treatment guidelines, few children suffering from acute...

    Authors: Deepali Pathak, Ashish Pathak, Gaetano Marrone, Vishal Diwan and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Loss to follow-up is a major challenge of antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Our objective was to a) determine true outcomes of patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) and b) identify ris...

    Authors: Ralf Weigel, Mindy Hochgesang, Martin WG Brinkhof, Mina C Hosseinipour, Matt Boxshall, Eustice Mhango, Brains Nkwazi, Hannock Tweya, Maggie Kamlaka, Frederick Chagwera and Sam Phiri
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Salmonella meningitis remains a threat to children below two years of age in both developing and developed countries. However, information on such infections has not been well characterized. We analyzed data rel...

    Authors: Hung-Ming Wu, Wan-Yu Huang, Meng-Luen Lee, Albert D Yang, Ko-Ping Chaou and Lin-Yu Hsieh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. La Crosse virus (LACV) is a major cause of pediatric encephalitis in the United States. Since the mid-1980s, the number of reported cases of LACV infection in West Virginia has continued to rise and the state ...

    Authors: Andrew D Haddow, Danae Bixler and Agricola Odoi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. There are limited data on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), estimated at 0.6-6.7%, in African children with tuberculosis. We undertook a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of ...

    Authors: Lee Fairlie, Natalie C Beylis, Gary Reubenson, David P Moore and Shabir A Madhi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Patients with infections account for a significant proportion of Emergency Department (ED) workload, with many hospital patients admitted with severe sepsis initially investigated and resuscitated in the ED. T...

    Authors: Julian M Williams, Jaimi H Greenslade, Juliet V McKenzie, Kevin H Chu, Anthony FT Brown, David Paterson and Jeffrey Lipman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:27
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that can manifest a wide variety of immunological and clinical outcomes ranging from potent humoral responses among borderline lepromatous (B...

    Authors: Lucas H Sampaio, Mariane MA Stefani, Regiane M Oliveira, Ana LM Sousa, Greg C Ireton, Steven G Reed and Malcolm S Duthie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. To describe the knowledge and attitudes of critical care clinicians during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.

    Authors: Xiaochun Ma, Zhenyang He, Yushan Wang, Li Jiang, Yuan Xu, Chuanyun Qian, Rongqing Sun, Erzhen Chen, Zhenjie Hu, Lihua Zhou, Fachun Zhou, Tiehe Qin, Xiangyuan Cao, Youzhong An, Renhua Sun, Xijing Zhang…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Data regarding CD4+ recovery after switching from protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens to regimens not containing PI are scarce.

    Authors: Carlo Torti, Antonella d'Arminio-Monforte, Anton L Pozniak, Giuseppe Lapadula, Giuliana Cologni, Andrea Antinori, Andrea De Luca, Cristina Mussini, Antonella Castagna, Paola Cicconi, Lorenzo Minoli, Andrea Costantini, Giampiero Carosi, Hua Liang and Bruno M Cesana
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem. The Airin district of Osaka City has a large population of homeless persons and caregivers and is estimated to be the largest TB-endemic area in the intermed...

    Authors: Takahiro Tabuchi, Toshio Takatorige, Yukio Hirayama, Nobuaki Nakata, Shigeyoshi Harihara, Akira Shimouchi, Koshiro Fujita, Hiroko Yoshida, Yoshitaka Tamura, Takayuki Nagai, Tomoshige Matsumoto, Tetsuya Takashima and Hiroyasu Iso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. In 2000, Ringertz et al described the first case of systemic anthrax caused by injecting heroin contaminated with anthrax. In 2008, there were 574 drug related deaths in Scotland, of which 336 were associated ...

    Authors: Arfon GMT Powell, Joseph EM Crozier, Heather Hodgson and David J Galloway
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:21
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Human papillomaviruses are the most common sexually transmitted infections, and genital warts, caused by HPV-6 and 11, entail considerable morbidity and cost. The natural history of genital warts in relation t...

    Authors: Andrea J Low, Tim Clayton, Issouf Konate, Nicolas Nagot, Abdoulaye Ouedraogo, Charlotte Huet, Marie-Noelle Didelot-Rousseau, Michel Segondy, Philippe Van de Perre and Philippe Mayaud
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Health care workers are exposed to patients with tuberculosis and are at risk of nosocomial infection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with latent tuberculosis infe...

    Authors: Shaharudin Rafiza, Krishna Gopal Rampal and Aris Tahir
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Syphilis is called the chameleon of the diseases due to its variety of its clinical presentations, potentially affecting every organ of the body. Incidence of this ancient disease is once again on the increase...

    Authors: Katrin Milger, Vera Fleig, Anke Kohlenberg, Thomas Discher and Jürgen Lohmeyer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:17
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. The relationship between public transport use and acquisition of acute respiratory infection (ARI) is not well understood but potentially important during epidemics and pandemics.

    Authors: Joy Troko, Puja Myles, Jack Gibson, Ahmed Hashim, Joanne Enstone, Susan Kingdon, Christopher Packham, Shahid Amin, Andrew Hayward and Jonathan Nguyen Van-Tam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The anti-HCV antibody response has not been well characterized during the early phase of HCV infection and little is known about its relationship to the clinical course during this period.

    Authors: Alexander M Strasak, Arthur Y Kim, Georg M Lauer, Paulo S de Sousa, Cleber F Ginuino, Carlos A Fernandes, Carlos E Velloso, Adilson J de Almeida, Jaqueline M de Oliveira, Clara F Yoshida, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Gláucia Paranhos-Baccalá, Stefan Lang, Larry J Brant, Hanno Ulmer, Susanne Strohmaier…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess efficacy and safety of prophylactic HPV vaccines against cervical cancer precursor events in women.

    Authors: Beibei Lu, Ambuj Kumar, Xavier Castellsagué and Anna R Giuliano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Description of the clinical pictures of patients colonized or infected by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates and admitted to hospital are rather scarce in Europe. However, a better delineation of the clin...

    Authors: Didier Schoevaerdts, Pierre Bogaerts, Alexandre Grimmelprez, Marie de Saint-Hubert, Bénédicte Delaere, Jacques Jamart, Christian Swine and Youri Glupczynski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Our objective was to determine the frequency and determinants of presentation to care with advanced HIV disease in patients who discover their HIV diagnosis at this stage as well as those with delayed presenta...

    Authors: Bakhao Ndiaye, Julia Salleron, Anne Vincent, Pierre Bataille, Frédérique Bonnevie, Philippe Choisy, Karine Cochonat, Clotilde Fontier, Habib Guerroumi, Bernard Vandercam, Hugues Melliez and Yazdan Yazdanpanah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Bacterial vaginosis (BV), an alteration of vaginal flora involving a decrease in Lactobacilli and predominance of anaerobic bacteria, is among the most common cause of vaginal complaints for women of childbear...

    Authors: Evy Gillet, Joris FA Meys, Hans Verstraelen, Carolyne Bosire, Philippe De Sutter, Marleen Temmerman and Davy Vanden Broeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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