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  1. A paradoxical immunologic response (PIR) to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), defined as viral suppression without CD4 cell-count improvement, has been reported in the literature as 8 to 42%, aroun...

    Authors: Janaina AS Casotti, Luciana N Passos, Fabiano JP Oliveira and Crispim Cerutti Jr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:306
  2. Community-based screening for TB, combined with HIV and syphilis testing, faces a number of barriers. One significant barrier is the value that target communities place on such screening.

    Authors: Neela D Goswami, Emily Hecker, David P Holland, Susanna Naggie, Gary M Cox, Ann Mosher, Debbie Turner, Yvonne Torres, Carter Vickery, Marshall A Ahearn, Michela LM Blain, Petra Rasmussen and Jason E Stout
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:305
  3. Healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) infection in intensive care unit (ICU) patients prolongs ICU stay and causes high mortality. Predicting HA-MRSA infection on admission c...

    Authors: Kazuma Yamakawa, Osamu Tasaki, Miyuki Fukuyama, Junichi Kitayama, Hiroki Matsuda, Yasushi Nakamori, Satoshi Fujimi, Hiroshi Ogura, Yasuyuki Kuwagata, Toshimitsu Hamasaki and Takeshi Shimazu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:303
  4. Data on the epidemiology and costs related to herpes zoster (HZ) and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Spain are scarce; therefore, studies are needed to evaluate the epidemiological and economic impact of HZ an...

    Authors: Ana M Cebrián-Cuenca, Javier Díez-Domingo, María San-Martín-Rodríguez, Joan Puig-Barberá and Jorge Navarro-Pérez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:302
  5. Meningitis is notoriously difficult to diagnose in infancy because its clinical features are non-specific. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines suggest several indicative signs, based on limited data. We...

    Authors: Michael K Mwaniki, Alison W Talbert, Patricia Njuguna, Mike English, Eugene Were, Brett S Lowe, Charles R Newton and James A Berkley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:301
  6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the frequent risks encountered by travelers. Efficient interventions are needed to improve the understanding of the risks of STIs. We investigated the potential...

    Authors: Nicolas Senn, Serge de Valliere, Didier Berdoz and Blaise Genton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:300
  7. The immature granulocyte count has been reported to be a marker of infection and sepsis. The difference in leukocyte subfractions (delta neutrophil index, DNI) in ADVIA 2120 reflects the fraction of circulatin...

    Authors: Byung Hoon Park, Young Ae Kang, Moo Suk Park, Won Jai Jung, Su Hwan Lee, Sang Kook Lee, Song Yee Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Ji Ye Jung and Young Sam Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:299
  8. HIV patients are at increased risk of development of infections and infection-associated poor health outcomes. We aimed to 1) assess the prevalence of USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococ...

    Authors: Jon P Furuno, Jennifer K Johnson, Marin L Schweizer, Anayochukwu Uche, Oscar C Stine, Simone M Shurland and Graeme N Forrest
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:298
  9. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a prevalent pathogen of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in Taiwan. A four-year NF cases and clinical and genetic differences between hospital acquired ...

    Authors: Chih-Hsuan Changchien, Ying-Ying Chen, Shu-Wun Chen, Wan-Lin Chen, Jwu-Guh Tsay and Chishih Chu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:297
  10. The incidence rate of Nocardia keratitis is increasing, with new species identified thanks to molecular methods. We herein report a case of Nocardia transvalensis keratitis, illustrating this emerging pathology a...

    Authors: Elodie Trichet, Stéphan Cohen-Bacrie, John Conrath, Michel Drancourt and Louis Hoffart
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:296
  11. Travellers' diarrhoea (TD) is the most common infectious disease among travellers. In the Netherlands, stand-by or prophylactic antibiotics are not routinely prescribed to travellers. This study prospectively ...

    Authors: Sanne-Meike Belderok, Anneke van den Hoek, Joan A Kint, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff and Gerard JB Sonder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:295
  12. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is commonly seen among hospitalized Nepali children. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) accounts for approximately one-quarter of cases. Although poor prognostic features for JE have ...

    Authors: Ajit Rayamajhi, Imran Ansari, Elizabeth Ledger, Krishna P Bista, Daniel E Impoinvil, Sam Nightingale, Rajendra Kumar BC, Chandeshwor Mahaseth, Tom Solomon and Michael J Griffiths
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:294
  13. Over 90% of all antibiotics in Europe are prescribed in primary care. It is important that antibiotics are prescribed that are likely to be effective; however, information about antibiotic resistance in the co...

    Authors: Evelien ME van Bijnen, Casper DJ den Heijer, W John Paget, Ellen E Stobberingh, Robert A Verheij, Cathrien A Bruggeman, Mike Pringle, Herman Goossens and François G Schellevis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:293
  14. The HIV epidemic in Russia has increasingly involved reproductive-aged women, which may increase perinatal HIV transmission.

    Authors: Dmitry M Kissin, Michele G Mandel, Natalia Akatova, Nikolay A Belyakov, Aza G Rakhmanova, Evgeny E Voronin, Galina V Volkova, Alexey A Yakovlev, Denise J Jamieson, Charles Vitek, Joanna Robinson, William C Miller and Susan Hillis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:292
  15. In 2010, intense focus was brought to bear on febrile convulsions in Australian children particularly in relation to influenza vaccination. Febrile convulsions are relatively common in infants and can lead to ...

    Authors: Benjamin G Polkinghorne, David J Muscatello, C Raina MacIntyre, Glenda L Lawrence, Paul M Middleton and Siranda Torvaldsen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:291
  16. Subculturing has been extensively used to attenuate human pathogens. In this work we studied the effect of continuous subculturing of Nocardia brasiliensis HUJEG-1 on virulence in a murine model.

    Authors: Janeth A Almaguer-Chávez, Oliverio Welsh, Hector G Lozano-Garza, Salvador Said-Fernández, Víktor J Romero-Díaz, Jorge Ocampo-Candiani and Lucio Vera-Cabrera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:290
  17. Actinobaculum schaalii is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic coccoid rod, classified as a new genus in 1997. It grows slowly and therefore is easily overgrown by other pathogens, which are often found concom...

    Authors: Sarah Tschudin-Sutter, Reno Frei, Maja Weisser, Daniel Goldenberger and Andreas F Widmer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:289
  18. Globally, China is the second place with high burden of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the characteristics of the pathogens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) circulating in this area is helpful for understanding...

    Authors: Qiao Liu, Dandan Yang, Weiguo Xu, Jianming Wang, Bing LV, Yan Shao, Honghuan Song, Guoli Li, Haiyan Dong, Kanglin Wan and Hua Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:288
  19. The development of hVISA has been associated with vancomycin clinical failures and is commonly misidentified in clinical microbiology laboratories. Therefore, the objectives of this present study was to improv...

    Authors: Yoriko Harigaya, Dung Ngo, Alan J Lesse, Vanthida Huang and Brian T Tsuji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:287
  20. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) account for a substantial portion of outpatient antibiotic utilization. However, the pharmacodynamic activity of commonly used oral antibiotic regimens has n...

    Authors: Carlos RV Kiffer and Antonio CC Pignatari
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:286
  21. Young people are disproportionately affected by sexually transmissible infections in Australia but face barriers to accessing sexual health services, including concerns over confidentiality and, for some, geog...

    Authors: Cameryn C Garrett, Jane Hocking, Marcus Y Chen, Christopher K Fairley and Maggie Kirkman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:285
  22. Evaluating experiences of volunteers in an HIV vaccine trial will be useful for the conduct of future trials. The purpose of this study among volunteers who participated in a phase I/II HIV vaccine trial in Da...

    Authors: Edith AM Tarimo, Anna Thorson, Thecla W Kohi, Muhammad Bakari, Eric Sandstrom, Fred Mhalu and Asli Kulane
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:283
  23. Recently, one genome-wide association study identified a susceptibility locus of rs4331426 on chromosome 18q11.2 for tuberculosis in the African population. To validate the significance of this susceptibility ...

    Authors: Yaoyao Dai, Xia Zhang, Hongqiu Pan, Shaowen Tang, Hongbing Shen and Jianming Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:282
  24. The role of Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus in central nervous system (CNS) infections is not fully resolved. It is clearly associated with lymphoproliferative disease of immunosuppressed persons, and may cause encep...

    Authors: Timi Martelius, Maija Lappalainen, Maarit Palomäki and Veli-Jukka Anttila
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:281
  25. Pleural infection is a common clinical problem. Its successful treatment depends on rapid diagnosis and early initiation of antibiotics. The measurement of soluble triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cell...

    Authors: Hanssa Summah, Li-Li Tao, Ying-Gang Zhu, Hong-Ni Jiang and Jie-Ming Qu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:280
  26. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has led clinicians to select antibiotics that have coverage against MRSA, usually vancomycin, for empiric therapy for suspected staphylococcal infecti...

    Authors: Marin L Schweizer, Jon P Furuno, Anthony D Harris, J Kristie Johnson, Michelle D Shardell, Jessina C McGregor, Kerri A Thom, Sara E Cosgrove, George Sakoulas and Eli N Perencevich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:279
  27. Molluscum contagiosum is a non-severe pediatric viral infection. Because it is highly contagious and current treatments have negative aesthetic and psychological effects, we want to test an alternative treatme...

    Authors: Josep R Marsal, Ines Cruz, Concepcio Teixido, Olga Diez, Mireia Martinez, Gisela Galindo, Jordi Real, Joan A Schoenenberger and Helena Pera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:278
  28. Information is sparse regarding the association between international travel and hospitalization with non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion, risk factors and o...

    Authors: Kristoffer Koch, Brian Kristensen, Hanne M Holt, Steen Ethelberg, Kåre Mølbak and Henrik C Schønheyder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:277
  29. Tuberculosis remains a serious public health threat and economic burden in Russia with escalating rates of drug resistance against a background of growing HIV-epidemic. Samara Oblast is one of the regions of t...

    Authors: Yanina Balabanova, Vladimir Tchernyshev, Igor Tsigankov, Svetlana Maximova, Natalya Mikheeva, Ljudmila Fedyukovitch, Sergey Kuznetsov, Ivan Fedorin and Francis Drobniewski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:276
  30. Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) is the cause of severe gastrointestinal infection especially among infants. Between 10 and 20 cases are reported annually to the National Infectious Disease Register (NIDR) in Finland...

    Authors: Katri Jalava, Jukka Ollgren, Marjut Eklund, Anja Siitonen and Markku Kuusi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:275
  31. The convergent distribution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and helminth infections has led to the suggestion that infection with helminths exacerbates the HIV epidemic in developing countries. In So...

    Authors: Zilungile L Mkhize-Kwitshana, Myra Taylor, Pieter Jooste, Musawenkosi LH Mabaso and Gerhard Walzl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:273
  32. Studies of recent hospital outbreaks caused by multiresistant P.aeruginosa (MRPA) have often failed to identify a specific environmental reservoir. We describe an outbreak due to a single clone of multiresistant ...

    Authors: Cristina Suarez, Carmen Peña, Olga Arch, M Angeles Dominguez, Fe Tubau, Carlos Juan, Laura Gavaldá, Mercedes Sora, Antonio Oliver, Miquel Pujol and Javier Ariza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:272
  33. There are few and debated data regarding possible differences in the clinical presentations of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses in children. This study evaluates the clinical presentation and socio-econo...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Claudio Giuseppe Molteni, Cristina Daleno, Antonia Valzano, Emilio Fossali, Liviana Da Dalt, Valerio Cecinati, Eugenia Bruzzese, Raffaella Giacchino, Carlo Giaquinto, Angie Lackenby and Nicola Principi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:271
  34. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has caused recurrent epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease among children in Singapore. Between August 2008 and July 2010, we conducted a survey to estimate the seroprevalence of EV71...

    Authors: Li-Wei Ang, Meng-Chee Phoon, Yan Wu, Jeffery Cutter, Lyn James and Vincent T Chow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:270
  35. Bleach-sedimentation may improve microscopy for diagnosing tuberculosis by sterilising sputum and concentrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We studied gravity bleach-sedimentation effects on safety, sensitivity, ...

    Authors: Rusheng Chew, Carmen Calderón, Samuel G Schumacher, Jonathan M Sherman, Luz Caviedes, Patricia Fuentes, Jorge Coronel, Teresa Valencia, Beatriz Hererra, Mirko Zimic, Lucy Huaroto, Ivan Sabogal, A Rod Escombe, Robert H Gilman and Carlton A Evans
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:269
  36. Our objective was to evaluate and compare the effect of abacavir on levels of biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk.

    Authors: Thomas A Rasmussen, Martin Tolstrup, Jesper Melchjorsen, Christian A Frederiksen, Ulla S Nielsen, Bente L Langdahl, Lars Østergaard and Alex L Laursen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:267
  37. Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe, dehydrating, gastroenteritis among children worldwide. In developing countries, approximately 1440 children die from rotavirus infections each day, with ...

    Authors: Mouna Hassine-Zaafrane, Khira Sdiri-Loulizi, Imen Ben Salem, Jérôme Kaplon, Siwar Ayouni, Katia Ambert-Balay, Nabil Sakly, Pierre Pothier and Mahjoub Aouni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:266
  38. Relationship of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV-infected patients remains controversial. We evaluated endothelial function and subclinical athero...

    Authors: Mar Masiá, Sergio Padilla, Catalina Robledano, José M Ramos and Félix Gutiérrez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:265
  39. There is limited data on the effect of HIV status and CD4 counts on performance of Interferon-g Release assays (IGRAs) for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

    Authors: Naasha J Talati, Esteban Gonzalez-Diaz, Charles Mutemba, Joyanna Wendt, William Kilembe, Lawrence Mwananyanda, Elwyn Chomba, Susan Allen, Carlos del Rio and Henry M Blumberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:264
  40. Pregnant women are at an increased risk for HIV infection due to unknown biological causes. Given the strong effect of sex-hormones on the expression of immunomuodulatory factors, the central role of mucosal i...

    Authors: Jan Walter, Linda Fraga, Melanie J Orin, William D Decker, Theresa Gipps, Alice Stek and Grace M Aldrovandi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:263
  41. The association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes/subgenotypes with clinical characteristics is increasingly recognized. However, the virologic and clinical features of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in pediatr...

    Authors: Yan-Wei Zhong, Jin Li, Hong-Bin Song, Zhong-Ping Duan, Yi Dong, Xiao-Yan Xing, Xiao-Dong Li, Mei-Lei Gu, Yu-Kun Han, Shi-Shu Zhu and Hong-Fei Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:262
  42. Candida albicans is the most common cause of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis. Systemic infections due to C. albicans exhibit good susceptibility to fluconazole and echinocandins. However, the ...

    Authors: Annette C Reboli, Andrew F Shorr, Coleman Rotstein, Peter G Pappas, Daniel H Kett, Haran T Schlamm, Arlene L Reisman, Pinaki Biswas and Thomas J Walsh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:261
  43. Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the treatment of choice for superficial bladder carcinoma. Complications of BCG therapy include local infections and disseminated BCG infection wi...

    Authors: Cindy Q Gao, Rozina Mithani, Jack Leya, Lesley Dawravoo, Arvin Bhatia, John Antoine, Felipe De Alba, Peter A Russo and Claus J Fimmel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:260
  44. In resource-limited settings, such as Kenya, access to CD4 testing is limited. Therefore, evaluation of less expensive laboratory diagnostics is urgently needed to diagnose immuno-suppression in children.

    Authors: Nyawira Githinji, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo, Moses Nderitu, Dalton C Wamalwa and Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:259
  45. Delays in the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) are associated with increased mortality risk. We examined the timing of ART among patients receiving c...

    Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Lucy Campbell, Richard Kaplan, Francesca Little, Carl Morrow and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:258
  46. Localized reactive school and classroom closures were implemented as part of a suite of pandemic containment measures during the initial response to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Melbourne, Australia. Infected in...

    Authors: Jodie McVernon, Kate Mason, Sylvia Petrony, Paula Nathan, Anthony D LaMontagne, Rebecca Bentley, James Fielding, David M Studdert and Anne Kavanagh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:257
  47. In Tanzania, malaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for about 30% of all hospital admissions and around 15% of all hospital deaths. Severe anaemia and cerebral malaria are the two ma...

    Authors: Hamisi A Msangeni, Mathias L Kamugisha, Samuel H Sembuche, Ezekiel K Malecela, Juma A Akida, Filbert F Temba, Bruno P Mmbando and Martha M Lemnge
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:256

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