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  1. Despite the latest World Health Organization guidelines advocating daily therapy in HIV-TB co-infected individuals, there are few recent studies comparing outcomes of thrice-weekly anti-tuberculosis treatment ...

    Authors: Richa Vashishtha, Krishna Mohan, Bhagteshwar Singh, Satish K Devarapu, Vishnubhatla Sreenivas, Sanjay Ranjan, Deepak Gupta, Sanjeev Sinha and Surendra K Sharma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:468
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Differences in the susceptibility of Candida species to antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important for clinical management of candidemia. Molecular tests are not yet standardized or avail...

    Authors: Hemílio Xafranski, Analy SA Melo, Antonia M Machado, Marcelo RS Briones and Arnaldo L Colombo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:467
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains expressing ESBLs are a predominant cause of hospital acquired infections. Here we describe the molecular epidemiology of these isolates in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, as potent...

    Authors: Stephen E Mshana, Torsten Hain, Eugen Domann, Eligius F Lyamuya, Trinad Chakraborty and Can Imirzalioglu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:466
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Parvovirus B19 can cause petechial rashes in the acute phase of illness as well as erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) during convalescence. This petechial rash is often called “gloves and socks” syndrome bec...

    Authors: Masato Takeuchi, Ryosuke Shiozawa, Mayumi Hangai, Junko Takita and Sachiko Kitanaka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:465
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  5. Penicilliosis marneffei is increasingly observed in individuals without HIV infection. This study aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory features among HIV infected and uninfected individuals with penici...

    Authors: Rathakarn Kawila, Romanee Chaiwarith and Khuanchai Supparatpinyo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:464
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Epidemiologic data of Herpes Zoster (HZ) disease in Spain are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of HZ in the Valencian Community (Spain), using outpatient and hospital electron...

    Authors: Nuria Morant-Talamante, Javier Diez-Domingo, Sergio Martínez-Úbeda, Joan Puig-Barberá, Sara Alemán-Sánchez and Lina Pérez-Breva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:463
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually-transmitted pathogens. A number of studies in the literature have estimated the burden of HPV-related diseases by collecting data at primary care l...

    Authors: Vincenzo Baldo, Silvia Cocchio, Alessandra Buja, Tatjana Baldovin, Patrizia Furlan, Chiara Bertoncello and Mario Saia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:462
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Children make up a significant proportion of the global tuberculosis (TB) caseload, and experience considerable TB-related morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, it is not easy to diagnose TB in the first yea...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Alberto Giannini, Pietro Biondetti, Nicola Bonelli, Mario Nosotti, Samantha Bosis, Edoardo Calderini and Nicola Principi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:461
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  9. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to test for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and support the diagnosis of active TB. However, little is known about the relationship between the TST result and the clin...

    Authors: Sara C Auld, Eleanor S Click, Charles M Heilig, Roque Miramontes, Kevin P Cain, Gregory P Bisson and William R Mac Kenzie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:460
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased to epidemic proportions in recent years. The carriage of C. difficile among healthy adults and hospital inpatients has been established. We sought to determine...

    Authors: N Deborah Friedman, James Pollard, Douglas Stupart, Daniel R Knight, Masoomeh Khajehnoori, Elise K Davey, Louise Parry and Thomas V Riley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:459
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have an active liver disease with a high risk of progression to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The management st...

    Authors: Dengming He, Shimin Guo, Wen Chen, Xianli Chen, Guohua Yan, Jie Wang, Maoshi Li, Peng Zhu, Hongfei Huang and Yuming Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:458
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The number of cases of hantavirus disease caused by Puumala virus is increasing enormously in Germany within the last years. Men are overrepresented in hantavirus disease and differences in course and symptoms...

    Authors: Ellen Krautkrämer, Stephan Grouls, Eva Urban, Paul Schnitzler and Martin Zeier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:457
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Despite almost 30 years of effective chemotherapy with MDT, the global new case detection rate of leprosy has remained quite constant over the past years. New tools and methodologies are necessary to interrupt...

    Authors: Renate A Richardus, Khorshed Alam, David Pahan, Sabiena G Feenstra, Annemieke Geluk and Jan H Richardus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:456
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  14. Physicians depend on reliable information on the local epidemiology of infection and antibiotic resistance rates to guide empiric treatment in critically ill patients. As these data are scarce for Central Afri...

    Authors: Abraham S Alabi, Lisa Frielinghaus, Harry Kaba, Katrin Kösters, Michaëla A M Huson, Barbara C Kahl, Georg Peters, Martin P Grobusch, Saadou Issifou, Peter G Kremsner and Frieder Schaumburg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:455
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Novel influenza in 2009 caused by H1N1, as well as the seasonal influenza, still are a challenge for the public health sectors worldwide. An increasing number of publications referring to this infectious disea...

    Authors: Ralph Fricke, Stefanie Uibel, Doris Klingelhoefer and David A Groneberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:454
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Genital mycoplasmas are opportunistic bacteria that are associated with undesirable gynaecologic and reproductive events. Mycoplasmas are fastidious bacteria with increasing resistance to routine antimicrobial...

    Authors: Mathys J Redelinghuys, Marthie M Ehlers, Andries W Dreyer, Hennie A Lombaard and Marleen M Kock
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:453
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. An association between influenza A viruses and myocarditis was noted during the 1918 influenza pandemic. Since then, the link between the influenza B virus and fulminant myocarditis or cardiogenic shock has be...

    Authors: Mahnaz Taremi, Anthony Amoroso, Heather L Nace and Bruce L Gilliam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:452
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. Spontaneous meningitis caused by gram-negative bacilli in adult patients is uncommon and poorly characterized. Our objective is to describe and compare the characteristics and the outcome of adult patients wit...

    Authors: Virginia Pomar, Natividad Benito, Joaquin López-Contreras, Pere Coll, Mercedes Gurguí and Pere Domingo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:451
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and related non-O157 STEC strains are enteric pathogens of public health concern worldwide, causing life-threatening diseases. Cattle are considered the princ...

    Authors: Patricia Jaros, Adrian L Cookson, Donald M Campbell, Thomas E Besser, Smriti Shringi, Graham F Mackereth, Esther Lim, Liza Lopez, Muriel Dufour, Jonathan C Marshall, Michael G Baker, Steve Hathaway, Deborah J Prattley and Nigel P French
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:450
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Most hospitals have a hierarchical design with beds positioned within cubicles and cubicles positioned within wards. Transmission of MRSA may be facilitated by patient proximity and thus the spatial arrangemen...

    Authors: Fiona Kong, David L Paterson, Michael Whitby, Michael Coory and Archie CA Clements
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:449
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Population based prevalence survey is an important epidemiological index to measure the burden of tuberculosis (TB) disease and monitor progress towards TB control in high burden countries like Ethiopia. This ...

    Authors: Gebretsadik Berhe, Fikre Enqueselassie, Elena Hailu, Wondale Mekonnen, Tsigemariam Teklu, Ataklti Gebretsadik, Rezene Berhe, Tewodros Haile and Abraham Aseffa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:448
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Molecular diagnostics have emerged as an efficient and feasible alternative for broad detection of pathogens in faeces. However, collection of stool samples is often impractical in both clinical work and in ep...

    Authors: Jean-Claude Kabayiza, Maria E Andersson, Christina Welinder-Olsson, Tomas Bergström, Gregoire Muhirwa and Magnus Lindh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:447
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Accurate knowledge of incubation period is important to investigate and to control infectious diseases and their transmission, however statements of incubation period in the literature are often uncited, incon...

    Authors: Rachel M Lee, Justin Lessler, Rose A Lee, Kara E Rudolph, Nicholas G Reich, Trish M Perl and Derek AT Cummings
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:446
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Outside ICUs, CVC-ABSIs epidemiology and the results of strategies for their prevention are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and the impact of a multifaceted “bundle” a...

    Authors: José Francisco García-Rodríguez, Hortensia Álvarez-Díaz, Laura Vilariño-Maneiro, María Virginia Lorenzo-García, Ana Cantón-Blanco, Patricia Ordoñez-Barrosa, Ana Isabel Mariño-Callejo and Pascual Sesma-Sánchez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:445
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Pneumococcal meningitis (PM) is a life-threatening disease with a high case-fatality rate and elevated risk for serious neurological sequelae. In this study, we investigated the contribution of three major vir...

    Authors: Susanna Ricci, Alice Gerlini, Andrea Pammolli, Damiana Chiavolini, Velia Braione, Sergio Antonio Tripodi, Bruna Colombari, Elisabetta Blasi, Marco Rinaldo Oggioni, Samuele Peppoloni and Gianni Pozzi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:444
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The screening of both healthcare workers and students attending teaching hospitals for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is recommended in hospitals of many countries with a low-incidence of TB, including I...

    Authors: Paolo Durando, Giovanni Sotgiu, Fabio Spigno, Mauro Piccinini, Giovanni Mazzarello, Claudio Viscoli, Francesco Copello, Alessandro Poli, Filippo Ansaldi and Giancarlo Icardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:443
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Tuberculosis continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide and in the American region. Although multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a threat to TB control in Panama, few studies ha...

    Authors: Samantha Rosas, Jaime Bravo, Franklin Gonzalez, Nora de Moreno, Joel Sanchez, Ronnie G Gavilan and Amador Goodridge
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:442
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. In Spain, the influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated in the last three seasons using the observational study cycEVA conducted in the frame of the existing Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance Sy...

    Authors: Silvia Jiménez-Jorge, Salvador de Mateo, Concha Delgado-Sanz, Francisco Pozo, Inmaculada Casas, Manuel Garcia-Cenoz, Jesús Castilla, Esteban Pérez, Virtudes Gallardo, Carolina Rodriguez, Tomás Vega, Carmen Quiñones, Eva Martínez, Juana María Vanrell, Jaume Giménez, Daniel Castrillejo…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:441
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of a Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) outbreak management strategy in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital.

    Authors: Silvia Iacobelli, Benoit Colomb, Francesco Bonsante, Karine Astruc, Cyril Ferdynus, Marie-France Bouthet, Catherine Neuwirth, Ludwig Serge Aho Glélé, Pascal Chavanet and Jean-Bernard Gouyon
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:440
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. HIV resistance affects virological response to therapy and efficacy of prophylaxis in mother-to-child-transmission. The study aims to assess the prevalence of HIV primary resistance in pregnant women naïve to ...

    Authors: Francesco Vairo, Emanuele Nicastri, Giuseppina Liuzzi, Zainab Chaula, Boniface Nguhuni, Nazario Bevilacqua, Federica Forbici, Alessandra Amendola, Lavinia Fabeni, Pasquale De Nardo, Carlo Federico Perno, Angela Cannas, Calistus Sakhoo, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi and Giuseppe Ippolito
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:439
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Leptospirosis is a potentially lethal zoonosis mainly affecting low-resource tropical countries, including Peru and its neighbouring countries. Timely diagnosis of leptospirosis is critical but may be challeng...

    Authors: Enrique Canal, Simon Pollett, Kristen Heitzinger, Michael Gregory, Matthew Kasper, Eric Halsey, Yocelinda Meza, Kalina Campos, Juan Perez, Rina Meza, Maruja Bernal, Alfredo Guillen, Tadeusz J Kochel, Benjamin Espinosa, Eric R Hall and Ryan C Maves
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:438
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Infectious diseases emerge frequently in China, partly because of its large and highly mobile population. Therefore, a rapid and cost-effective pathogen screening method with broad coverage is required for pre...

    Authors: Weiwei Huang, Yinhui Yang, Xinlei Zhang, Changan Zhao, Aihua Yin, Xiaozhuang Zhang, Zhengxin He, Yongqiang Jiang and Liang Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:437
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  33. Recent studies have found high prevalences of asymptomatic rectal chlamydia among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Chlamydia could increase the infectivity of HIV and the susceptibility to HIV inf...

    Authors: Maria Xiridou, Henrike J Vriend, Anna K Lugner, Jacco Wallinga, Johannes S Fennema, Jan M Prins, Suzanne E Geerlings, Bart JA Rijnders, Maria Prins, Henry JC de Vries, Maarten J Postma, Maaike G van Veen, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff and Marianne AB van der Sande
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:436
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Pandemic influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity and distribution agility is enhanced through the availability of equivalent antigen-sparing vaccines. We evaluated equivalence in terms of immunogenicity betwe...

    Authors: Odile Launay, Xavier Duval, Serge Fitoussi, Wolfgang Jilg, Angkool Kerdpanich, May Montellano, Tino F Schwarz, Veerachai Watanveerade, Jürgen J Wenzel, Gerard Zalcman, Vinod Bambure, Ping Li, Adrian Caplanusi, Anuradha Madan, Paul Gillard and David W Vaughn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:435
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Viruses contribute significantly to pneumonia burden, although data for low-income and tropical countries are scarce. The ai...

    Authors: Paul Turner, Claudia Turner, Wanitda Watthanaworawit, Verena Carrara, Naw Cicelia, Carole Deglise, Christina Phares, Luis Ortega and Francois Nosten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:434
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (non-SARS)-related human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-229E, -HKU1, -NL63, and -OC43, have been detected in respiratory tract samples from children and adults. How...

    Authors: Weimin Zhou, Wen Wang, Huijuan Wang, Roujian Lu and Wenjie Tan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:433
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Lack of rapid and reliable susceptibility testing for second-line drugs used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) may limit treatment success.

    Authors: Stellah G Mpagama, Eric R Houpt, Suzanne Stroup, Happiness Kumburu, Jean Gratz, Gibson S Kibiki and Scott K Heysell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:432
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of mortality and suffering worldwide, with over 95% of TB deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. In recent years, molecular typing methods have been widely use...

    Authors: Jean Paul Assam Assam, Véronique Penlap Beng, Fidelis Cho-Ngwa, Michel Toukam, Ane-Anyangwe Irene Ngoh, Mercy Kitavi, Inoster Nzuki, Juliette N Nyonka, Emilienne Tata, Jean Claude Tedom, Robert A Skilton, Roger Pelle and Vincent P K Titanji
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:431
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The immunologic status of a newly diagnosed HIV positive population in the era of antiretroviral therapy in China has not been extensively evaluated. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the CD4 c...

    Authors: Yinzhong Shen, Hongzhou Lu, Zhenyan Wang, Tangkai Qi and Jiangrong Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:429
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Despite a resurgence in control efforts, malaria remains a serious public-health problem, causing millions of deaths each year. One factor that complicates malaria-control efforts is clinical immunity, the acq...

    Authors: Lindsay T Keegan and Jonathan Dushoff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:428
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) guideline to diagnose smear-negative tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-prevalent settings was mainly based on expert advice and therefore requires evaluation in real life situat...

    Authors: Gemeda Abebe, Amare Deribew, Ludwig Apers, Alemseged Abdissa, Yibeltal Kiflie, Olivier Koole and Robert Colebunders
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:427
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Syphilis is an important sexually transmitted infection (STI) with serious public health consequences. Among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima, the prevalence and incidence are extraordinarily high. Curr...

    Authors: Robert G Deiss, Segundo R Leon, Kelika A Konda, Brandon Brown, Eddy R Segura, Jerome T Galea, Carlos F Caceres and Jeffrey D Klausner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:426
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. Despite two decades of interventions, rates of sexually transmissible infections (STI) in remote Australian Aboriginal communities remain unacceptably high. Routine notifications data from 2011 indicate rates ...

    Authors: James Ward, Skye McGregor, Rebecca J Guy, Alice R Rumbold, Linda Garton, Bronwyn J Silver, Debbie Taylor-Thomson, Belinda Hengel, Janet Knox, Amalie Dyda, Matthew G Law, Handan Wand, Basil Donovan, Christopher K Fairley, Steven Skov, Donna Ah Chee…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:425
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gancyclovir (GCV) treatment for severe cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated pneumonia in immunocompetent children.

    Authors: Thanh Thi Mai Doan, Thuy Thi Bich Phung, Hung Viet Pham, Son Hong Pham and Liem Thanh Nguyen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:424
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired in early childhood and persists for life (or until eradication treatment is taken). Seropositivity of H. pylori at age 49-51 years was assessed in relation to socio-econ...

    Authors: Mark S Pearce, David I Campbell, Kay D Mann, Louise Parker and Julian E Thomas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:422
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Sporadic hepatitis E has become an important public health concern in China. Accurate forecasting of the incidence of hepatitis E is needed to better plan future medical needs. Few mathematical models can be u...

    Authors: Hong Ren, Jian Li, Zheng-An Yuan, Jia-Yu Hu, Yan Yu and Yi-Han Lu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:421
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Pregnant women colonized by Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci [GBS]) may transfer this microorganism to their newborns. S. agalactiae is an important cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in new...

    Authors: Saeed Tajbakhsh, Marjan Norouzi Esfahani, Mohammad Emaneini, Niloofar Motamed, Elham Rahmani and Somayyeh Gharibi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:420
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Childhood diarrheal diseases remain highly endemic in developing areas of Brazil. The importance of Escherichia coli among children with diarrhea in these areas was unknown. This study determined the prevalence o...

    Authors: Diego M Lozer, Tamara B Souza, Mariane V Monfardini, Fernando Vicentini, Sônia S Kitagawa, Isabel C A Scaletsky and Liliana C Spano
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:418
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Enterobacter cloacae (E.cloacae) bloodstream infection (EcBSI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence in our hospital. We wanted to elucidate the risk factors of mortality...

    Authors: Chang-Hua Chen and Chieh-Chen Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:417
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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