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  1. Despite efforts to eliminate leprosy as public health problem, delayed diagnosis and disabilities still occur in many countries. Leprosy diagnosis remains based on clinical manifestations and the number of cli...

    Authors: Ludimila Paula Vaz Cardoso, Ronaldo Ferreira Dias, Aline Araújo Freitas, Emerith Mayra Hungria, Regiane Morillas Oliveira, Marco Collovati, Steven G Reed, Malcolm S Duthie and Mariane Martins Araújo Stefani
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:497
  2. Following the recent transfer of all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces (including Talaromyces marneffei, formerly Penicillium marneffei), Penicillium species are becoming incr...

    Authors: Min Chen, Jos Houbraken, Weihua Pan, Chao Zhang, Hao Peng, Lihui Wu, Deqiang Xu, Yiping Xiao, Zhilong Wang and Wanqing Liao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:496
  3. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been described as an emerging pathogen in Brazil and seems to be widely disseminated among swine herds. An autochthonous human case of acute hepatitis E was recently reported. To ob...

    Authors: Lilian G de Carvalho, Renato S Marchevsky, Debora RL dos Santos, Jaqueline M de Oliveira, Vanessa S de Paula, Leilane M Lopes, Wilhelmus HM Van der Poel, Jorge E González, Maria S Munné, Julio Moran, Ana Carolina R A Cajaraville, Marcelo Pelajo-Machado, Oswaldo G Cruz and Marcelo A Pinto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:495
  4. Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread intracellular parasite, which infects most vertebrate animal hosts and causes zoonotic infection in humans. Vaccine strategy remains a promising method for the prevention and co...

    Authors: Min Meng, Aihua Zhou, Gang Lu, Lin Wang, Guanghui Zhao, Yali Han, Huaiyu Zhou, Hua Cong, Qunli Zhao, Xing-Quan Zhu and Shenyi He
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:494
  5. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are opportunistic pathogens in immuno-compromised patients. They are also increasingly recognized as pathogens in immuno-competent individuals. Globally, an increase in NTM i...

    Authors: Imran Ahmed, Kauser Jabeen and Rumina Hasan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:493
  6. More than 90 immunologically distinct serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae exist, and it is not fully elucidated whether the serotype is a risk factor for severity of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Our hyp...

    Authors: Jonas Ahl, Nils Littorin, Arne Forsgren, Inga Odenholt, Fredrik Resman and Kristian Riesbeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:492
  7. Patients newly colonised with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are at higher risk of clinical MRSA infection. At present, there are limited data on the duration or magnitude of this risk in a ho...

    Authors: Michelle ND Balm, Andrew A Lover, Sharon Salmon, Paul A Tambyah and Dale A Fisher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:491
  8. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage, serotype distribution, and penicillin resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children ≤6 years of age in Ghana.

    Authors: Nicholas TKD Dayie, Reuben E Arhin, Mercy J Newman, Anders Dalsgaard, Magne Bisgaard, Niels Frimodt-Møller and Hans-Christian Slotved
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:490
  9. A rapid expansion of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks has occurred and caused deaths in China in recent years, but little is known about the other etiologic agents except enterovirus 71 (EV71) an...

    Authors: Menghua Xu, Liyun Su, Lingfeng Cao, Huaqing Zhong, Niuniu Dong and Jin Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:489
  10. The recent outbreak of Q fever in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2009 is the largest recorded Q fever outbreak. Exposure to Coxiella burnetii may cause Q fever but the size of the population exposed during t...

    Authors: Russell John Brooke, Mirjam EE Kretzschmar, Nico T Mutters and Peter F Teunis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:488
  11. Enterovirus and herpes simplex viruses are common causes of lymphocytic meningitis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of the use molecular testing for Enteroviruses and Herpes simplex viruses...

    Authors: Eduardo Casaroto, Alexandre R Marra, Fernando Morgadinho S Coelho, Joao Renato Rebello Pinho, Roberta Sitnik, Fernando Colombari, Elivane Silva Victor, Nair Hideko Muto, Carlos Senne, Oscar Fernando Pavão dos Santos and Michael B Edmond
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:487
  12. Few studies have assessed the time to blood culture positivity as a predictor of clinical outcome in fungal bloodstream infections (BSIs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time to positivity (TTP)...

    Authors: Cintia Zoya Nunes, Alexandre R Marra, Michael B Edmond, Elivane da Silva Victor and Carlos Alberto Pires Pereira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:486
  13. High prevalence rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) have been reported in Aboriginal people in remote and regional areas of Australia for well over two decades, and repeat positivit...

    Authors: Rebecca J Guy, Lisa Natoli, James Ward, Louise Causer, Belinda Hengel, David Whiley, Sepehr N Tabrizi, Basil Donovan, Christopher K Fairley, Steven B Badman, Annie Tangey, Handan Wand, Mark Shephard, David G Regan, David Wilson, David Anderson…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:485
  14. Previous studies have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Uganda family, a sub-lineage of the MTB Lineage 4, is the main cause of tuberculosis (TB) in Uganda. Using a well characterized patient population...

    Authors: Eddie M Wampande, Ezekiel Mupere, Sara M Debanne, Benon B Asiimwe, Mary Nsereko, Harriet Mayanja, Kathleen Eisenach, Gilla Kaplan, Henry W Boom, Sebastien Gagneux and Moses L Joloba
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:484
  15. A high prevalence of bacterial nasopharyngeal co-infections has been reported in children, however, such data is limited in adults. We examined the interaction of Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and...

    Authors: Tinevimbo Shiri, Marta C Nunes, Peter V Adrian, Nadia Van Niekerk, Keith P Klugman and Shabir A Madhi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:483
  16. Administration of rifampicin along with nevirapine reduces the plasma concentration of nevirapine in human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals with concomitant tuberculosis (HIV-TB patients). Nevirapin...

    Authors: Sanjeev Sinha, Puroshottam Raghunandan, Rahul Chandrashekhar, Surendra K Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar, Sahajal Dhooria, Meera Ekka, Thirumurthy Velpandian, Sanjay Ranjan, Hafeez Ahmad, Jyotish Chandra Samantaray, Srinivasaraghavan Venkatesh, Bharat Bhushan Rewari, Nawaid Hussain Khan and Ravindra Mohan Pandey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:482
  17. Sexually transmitted diseases and most notably syphilis-infections are rising amongst men who have sex with men. In HIV-co-infected patients, an accelerated clinical course of syphilis neurological involvement...

    Authors: Christoph D Spinner, Sebastian Noe, Christiane Schwerdtfeger, Antonia Todorova, Jochen Gaa, Roland M Schmid, Dirk H Busch and Michael Neuenhahn
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:481
  18. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition, although its aetiology remains unexplained. The aim of this study was to analyse the composition of vaginal microbiota in women from Greenland to provide a quant...

    Authors: Raluca Datcu, Dionne Gesink, Gert Mulvad, Ruth Montgomery-Andersen, Elisabeth Rink, Anders Koch, Peter Ahrens and Jørgen Skov Jensen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:480
  19. Mycobacteirum wolinskyi is a member of the Mycobacterium smegmatis group, which is less frequently found in clinical settings than other nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species. However, its clinical signific...

    Authors: Seung Jin Yoo, Keun Hwa Lee, Sung-No Jung and Sang Taek Heo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:479
  20. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), including resistance to both rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) referred to as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), has become an increasing global threat in recent ye...

    Authors: Eunjin Cho, Isdore Chola Shamputa, Hyun-Kyung Kwak, Jiim Lee, Myungsun Lee, Soohee Hwang, Doosoo Jeon, Cheon Tae Kim, Sangnae Cho, Laura E Via, Clifton E Barry 3rd and Jong Seok Lee
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:478
  21. Antibiotic resistance is a major global public health concern, particularly in settings where few treatment options are available. Limited research has been done on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli of In...

    Authors: Pragya Shakya, Peter Barrett, Vishal Diwan, Yogyata Marothi, Harshada Shah, Neeraj Chhari, Ashok J Tamhankar, Ashish Pathak and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:477
  22. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up in resource-limited countries, with limited capacity for CD4 and HIV viral load monitoring, presents a unique challenge. We determined the effectiveness of first-line ART ...

    Authors: Oliver Barry, Jonathan Powell, Lorna Renner, Evelyn Y Bonney, Meghan Prin, William Ampofo, Jonas Kusah, Bamenla Goka, Kwamena WC Sagoe, Veronika Shabanova and Elijah Paintsil
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:476
  23. We investigated the immune response to serogroup 6 with the opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPKA) in children aged 12–23 months of age after immunization with the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7)...

    Authors: Hyunju Lee, Jung Hwa Cha, Moon H Nahm, Robert L Burton and Kyung-Hyo Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:474
  24. The aim of our work was to evaluate the potential impact of the European policy of testing for HIV all individuals presenting with an indicator disease, to prevent late diagnosis of HIV. We report on a retrosp...

    Authors: Paola Scognamiglio, Giacomina Chiaradia, Gabriella De Carli, Massimo Giuliani, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Stefano Aviani Barbacci, Anna Rita Buonomini, Susanna Grisetti, Alessandro Sampaolesi, Angela Corpolongo, Nicoletta Orchi, Vincenzo Puro, Giuseppe Ippolito and Enrico Girardi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:473
  25. Some manufacturers recommend using 1.1 mL per application of alcohol-based handrubs for effective hand disinfection. However, whether this volume is sufficient to cover both hands, as recommended by the World ...

    Authors: Günter Kampf, Sigunde Ruselack, Sven Eggerstedt, Nicolas Nowak and Muhammad Bashir
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:472
  26. Non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive individuals. Using data from a large international cohort of HIV-positive individuals, we described the incide...

    Authors: Signe W Worm, Mark Bower, Peter Reiss, Fabrice Bonnet, Matthew Law, Gerd Fätkenheuer, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, Donald I Abrams, Andrew Grulich, Eric Fontas, Ole Kirk, Hansjakob Furrer, Stephane De Wit, Andrew Phillips, Jens D Lundgren and Caroline A Sabin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:471
  27. In Italy the prevalence of genital warts in women (15–64 years) is approximately 0.6% with an incidence of 0.4% per year. Treatments for GW are usually long, with moderate success and high costs. The aim of th...

    Authors: Maria Michela Gianino, Sergio Delmonte, Emanuela Lovato, Morena Martinese, Sabrina Rondoletti, Maria Grazia Bernengo and Carla Maria Zotti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:470
  28. The Erythrocyte Binding Antigen (EBA) 175 has been considered as one of the most important Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) merozoite ligands that mediate invasion of the erythrocytes through their sialated ...

    Authors: Ahmed AM Adam, Ahmed AA Amine, Dina A Hassan, Waleed H Omer, Bakri Y Nour, Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar, Muntaser E Ibrahim, Nasreldin H Abdulhadi and Hiba S Mohamed
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:469
  29. Despite the latest World Health Organization guidelines advocating daily therapy in HIV-TB co-infected individuals, there are few recent studies comparing outcomes of thrice-weekly anti-tuberculosis treatment ...

    Authors: Richa Vashishtha, Krishna Mohan, Bhagteshwar Singh, Satish K Devarapu, Vishnubhatla Sreenivas, Sanjay Ranjan, Deepak Gupta, Sanjeev Sinha and Surendra K Sharma
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:468
  30. Differences in the susceptibility of Candida species to antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important for clinical management of candidemia. Molecular tests are not yet standardized or avail...

    Authors: Hemílio Xafranski, Analy SA Melo, Antonia M Machado, Marcelo RS Briones and Arnaldo L Colombo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:467
  31. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains expressing ESBLs are a predominant cause of hospital acquired infections. Here we describe the molecular epidemiology of these isolates in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, as potent...

    Authors: Stephen E Mshana, Torsten Hain, Eugen Domann, Eligius F Lyamuya, Trinad Chakraborty and Can Imirzalioglu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:466
  32. Parvovirus B19 can cause petechial rashes in the acute phase of illness as well as erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) during convalescence. This petechial rash is often called “gloves and socks” syndrome bec...

    Authors: Masato Takeuchi, Ryosuke Shiozawa, Mayumi Hangai, Junko Takita and Sachiko Kitanaka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:465
  33. Penicilliosis marneffei is increasingly observed in individuals without HIV infection. This study aimed to compare the clinical and laboratory features among HIV infected and uninfected individuals with penici...

    Authors: Rathakarn Kawila, Romanee Chaiwarith and Khuanchai Supparatpinyo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:464
  34. Epidemiologic data of Herpes Zoster (HZ) disease in Spain are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of HZ in the Valencian Community (Spain), using outpatient and hospital electron...

    Authors: Nuria Morant-Talamante, Javier Diez-Domingo, Sergio Martínez-Úbeda, Joan Puig-Barberá, Sara Alemán-Sánchez and Lina Pérez-Breva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:463
  35. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually-transmitted pathogens. A number of studies in the literature have estimated the burden of HPV-related diseases by collecting data at primary care l...

    Authors: Vincenzo Baldo, Silvia Cocchio, Alessandra Buja, Tatjana Baldovin, Patrizia Furlan, Chiara Bertoncello and Mario Saia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:462
  36. Children make up a significant proportion of the global tuberculosis (TB) caseload, and experience considerable TB-related morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, it is not easy to diagnose TB in the first yea...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Alberto Giannini, Pietro Biondetti, Nicola Bonelli, Mario Nosotti, Samantha Bosis, Edoardo Calderini and Nicola Principi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:461
  37. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to test for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and support the diagnosis of active TB. However, little is known about the relationship between the TST result and the clin...

    Authors: Sara C Auld, Eleanor S Click, Charles M Heilig, Roque Miramontes, Kevin P Cain, Gregory P Bisson and William R Mac Kenzie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:460
  38. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased to epidemic proportions in recent years. The carriage of C. difficile among healthy adults and hospital inpatients has been established. We sought to determine...

    Authors: N Deborah Friedman, James Pollard, Douglas Stupart, Daniel R Knight, Masoomeh Khajehnoori, Elise K Davey, Louise Parry and Thomas V Riley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:459
  39. Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients have an active liver disease with a high risk of progression to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The management st...

    Authors: Dengming He, Shimin Guo, Wen Chen, Xianli Chen, Guohua Yan, Jie Wang, Maoshi Li, Peng Zhu, Hongfei Huang and Yuming Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:458
  40. The number of cases of hantavirus disease caused by Puumala virus is increasing enormously in Germany within the last years. Men are overrepresented in hantavirus disease and differences in course and symptoms...

    Authors: Ellen Krautkrämer, Stephan Grouls, Eva Urban, Paul Schnitzler and Martin Zeier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:457
  41. Despite almost 30 years of effective chemotherapy with MDT, the global new case detection rate of leprosy has remained quite constant over the past years. New tools and methodologies are necessary to interrupt...

    Authors: Renate A Richardus, Khorshed Alam, David Pahan, Sabiena G Feenstra, Annemieke Geluk and Jan H Richardus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:456
  42. Physicians depend on reliable information on the local epidemiology of infection and antibiotic resistance rates to guide empiric treatment in critically ill patients. As these data are scarce for Central Afri...

    Authors: Abraham S Alabi, Lisa Frielinghaus, Harry Kaba, Katrin Kösters, Michaëla A M Huson, Barbara C Kahl, Georg Peters, Martin P Grobusch, Saadou Issifou, Peter G Kremsner and Frieder Schaumburg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:455
  43. Novel influenza in 2009 caused by H1N1, as well as the seasonal influenza, still are a challenge for the public health sectors worldwide. An increasing number of publications referring to this infectious disea...

    Authors: Ralph Fricke, Stefanie Uibel, Doris Klingelhoefer and David A Groneberg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:454
  44. Genital mycoplasmas are opportunistic bacteria that are associated with undesirable gynaecologic and reproductive events. Mycoplasmas are fastidious bacteria with increasing resistance to routine antimicrobial...

    Authors: Mathys J Redelinghuys, Marthie M Ehlers, Andries W Dreyer, Hennie A Lombaard and Marleen M Kock
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:453
  45. An association between influenza A viruses and myocarditis was noted during the 1918 influenza pandemic. Since then, the link between the influenza B virus and fulminant myocarditis or cardiogenic shock has be...

    Authors: Mahnaz Taremi, Anthony Amoroso, Heather L Nace and Bruce L Gilliam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:452
  46. Spontaneous meningitis caused by gram-negative bacilli in adult patients is uncommon and poorly characterized. Our objective is to describe and compare the characteristics and the outcome of adult patients wit...

    Authors: Virginia Pomar, Natividad Benito, Joaquin López-Contreras, Pere Coll, Mercedes Gurguí and Pere Domingo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:451
  47. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and related non-O157 STEC strains are enteric pathogens of public health concern worldwide, causing life-threatening diseases. Cattle are considered the princ...

    Authors: Patricia Jaros, Adrian L Cookson, Donald M Campbell, Thomas E Besser, Smriti Shringi, Graham F Mackereth, Esther Lim, Liza Lopez, Muriel Dufour, Jonathan C Marshall, Michael G Baker, Steve Hathaway, Deborah J Prattley and Nigel P French
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:450
  48. Most hospitals have a hierarchical design with beds positioned within cubicles and cubicles positioned within wards. Transmission of MRSA may be facilitated by patient proximity and thus the spatial arrangemen...

    Authors: Fiona Kong, David L Paterson, Michael Whitby, Michael Coory and Archie CA Clements
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:449
  49. Population based prevalence survey is an important epidemiological index to measure the burden of tuberculosis (TB) disease and monitor progress towards TB control in high burden countries like Ethiopia. This ...

    Authors: Gebretsadik Berhe, Fikre Enqueselassie, Elena Hailu, Wondale Mekonnen, Tsigemariam Teklu, Ataklti Gebretsadik, Rezene Berhe, Tewodros Haile and Abraham Aseffa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2013 13:448

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