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  1. Mucormycosis has emerged as a rare but frequently fatal invasive fungal disease. Current knowledge on paediatric mucormycosis is based on case reports and small series reported over several decades. Contempora...

    Authors: Zoi Dorothea Pana, Danila Seidel, Anna Skiada, Andreas H. Groll, Georgios Petrikkos, Oliver A. Cornely and Emmanuel Roilides
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:667
  2. Chickenpox vaccine is not included in the routine childhood vaccination programme in Sweden. The aim of this study was to estimate the baseline of national chickenpox disease burden, as comprehensive studies, ...

    Authors: Katarina Widgren, Johan Giesecke, Lars Lindquist and Anders Tegnell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:666
  3. Stable, co-habiting HIV serodiscordant couples are a key population in terms of heterosexual transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the wide availability of antiretroviral treatment and HIV educational pr...

    Authors: Jiho Kim, Mastula Nanfuka, David Moore, Murisho Shafic, Maureen Nyonyitono, Josephine Birungi, Florence Galenda and Rachel King
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:665
  4. Data on tuberculosis (TB) among health care workers (HCW) and TB infection control (TBIC) indicators are rarely available at national level. We assessed multi-year trends in notification data of TB among HCW a...

    Authors: Edine W. Tiemersma, Nguyen Thien Huong, Pham Hoang Yen, Bui Thi Tinh, Tran Thi Bich Thuy, Nguyen Van Hung, Nguyen Thanh Mai, Suzanne Verver, Agnes Gebhard and Nguyen Viet Nhung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:664
  5. Studies have shown that the immunosuppression induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accelerates the natural history of liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV), with 3- to 5-fold highe...

    Authors: Fatima Mitiko Tengan, Karim Yakub Ibrahim, Bianca Peixoto Dantas, Caroline Manchiero, Mariana Cavalheiro Magri and Wanderley Marques Bernardo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:663
  6. South Africa has one of the highest burdens of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in high-risk populations such as young children, adolescents, household contacts of TB cases, people living with HIV, gold mi...

    Authors: Jabulani R. Ncayiyana, Jean Bassett, Nora West, Daniel Westreich, Eustasius Musenge, Michael Emch, Audrey Pettifor, Colleen F. Hanrahan, Sheree R. Schwartz, Ian Sanne and Annelies van Rie
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:661
  7. Tuberculosis control program of Rwanda is currently phasing in light emitting diode-fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) as an alternative to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy. This, alongside the newly introduce...

    Authors: Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza, Willy Ssengooba, Florence Mutua, Gabriela Torrea, Augustin Dushime, Michel Gasana, Emmanuel Andre, Schifra Uwamungu, Alaine Umubyeyi Nyaruhirira, Dufton Mwaengo and Claude Mambo Muvunyi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:660
  8. In the last decade hepatitis E virus (HEV) is increasingly recognized as a cause of acute viral hepatitis in developed countries. HEV is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. In countries like the Netherlands,...

    Authors: S. Sadik, G. G. C. van Rijckevorsel, M. S. van Rooijen, G. J. B. Sonder and S. M. Bruisten
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:659
  9. The current roll-out of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in many endemic countries has resulted in the reporting of fewer cases of malaria-attributed illnesses. However, lack of knowledge of the prevalence of oth...

    Authors: Olivia A. Achonduh-Atijegbe, Kenji O. Mfuh, Aristid H. E. Mbange, Jean P. Chedjou, Diane W. Taylor, Vivek R. Nerurkar, Wilfred F. Mbacham and Rose Leke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:658
  10. Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is believed to be frequent in developing countries. Transmission is usually through ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products, although airborne contagion is possi...

    Authors: Pedro Torres-Gonzalez, Miguel E. Cervera-Hernandez, Areli Martinez-Gamboa, Lourdes Garcia-Garcia, Luis P. Cruz-Hervert, Miriam Bobadilla-del Valle, Alfredo Ponce-de Leon and Jose Sifuentes-Osornio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:657
  11. Clostridium difficile (CD) is a leading cause of diarrhoea among hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate, the optimal diagnostic work-up, and outcome of CD infections (CDI) in ...

    Authors: Giorgio Cioni, Pierluigi Viale, Stefania Frasson, Francesco Cipollini, Francesco Menichetti, Nicola Petrosillo, Sergio Brunati, Patrizia Spigaglia, Chiara Vismara, Alessandra Bielli, Fabrizio Barbanti, Giancarlo Landini, Grazia Panigada, Gualberto Gussoni, Erminio Bonizzoni and Giovanni Pietro Gesu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:656
  12. Ambulatory antibiotic prescribing contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance and increases societal costs. Here, we estimate the hidden societal cost of antibiotic resistance per antibiotic prescr...

    Authors: Constantinos I. Michaelidis, Michael J. Fine, Chyongchiou Jeng Lin, Jeffrey A. Linder, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Ryan K. Shields, Richard K. Zimmerman and Kenneth J. Smith
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:655
  13. Few studies have evaluated the impact of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) on response to combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in children. The objective of this joint EuroCoord-CHAIN-EPPICC/PENTA pro...

    Authors: Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Linda Wittkop, Ali Judd, Peter Reiss, Tessa Goetghebuer, Dan Duiculescu, Antoni Noguera-Julian, Magdalena Marczynska, Carlo Giacquinto, Luminita Ene, Jose T. Ramos, Cristina Cellerai, Thomas Klimkait, Benedicte Brichard, Niels Valerius, Caroline Sabin…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:654
  14. A switch of continuation phase tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen from Ethambutol (E) and Isoniazid (H) combination for 6 months (6EH) to Rifampicin (R) and Isoniazid (H) combination for 4 months (4RH) was re...

    Authors: Abyot Asres, Degu Jerene and Wakgari Deressa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:653
  15. Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are a group of infections affecting all soft tissues. NSTI involves necrosis of the afflicted tissue and is potentially life threatening due to major and rapid destru...

    Authors: Vibeke Børsholt Rudkjøbing, Trine Rolighed Thomsen, Yijuan Xu, Rachael Melton-Kreft, Azad Ahmed, Steffen Eickhardt, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Steen Seier Poulsen, Per Halkjær Nielsen, Joshua P. Earl, Garth D. Ehrlich and Claus Moser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:652
  16. Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen which represents the leading cause of meningitis in Southeast Asia and an emerging pathogen in the Western world, the main risk factor for infection being contact with pi...

    Authors: Mireille Prince-David, Mounerou Salou, Corinne Marois-Créhan, Komi Assogba, Céline Plainvert, Koffi A. Balogou, Claire Poyart and Asmaa Tazi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:651
  17. The epidemic patterns of influenza B infection and their association with climate conditions are not well understood. Influenza surveillance in Okinawa is important for clarifying transmission patterns in both...

    Authors: Yoshikazu Iha, Takeshi Kinjo, Gretchen Parrott, Futoshi Higa, Hideaki Mori and Jiro Fujita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:650
  18. Pneumococcus kills over one million children annually and over 90 % of these deaths occur in low-income countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where HIV exacerbates the disease burden. In SSA, seroty...

    Authors: Chrispin Chaguza, Jennifer E. Cornick, Simon R. Harris, Cheryl P. Andam, Laura Bricio-Moreno, Marie Yang, Feyruz Yalcin, Sani Ousmane, Shanil Govindpersad, Madikay Senghore, Chinelo Ebruke, Mignon Du Plessis, Anmol M. Kiran, Gerd Pluschke, Betuel Sigauque, Lesley McGee…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:649
  19. Inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine®) is an immunomodulatory drug approved in several countries for the treatment of viral infections. This study compared the efficacy and safety of inosine pranobex versus placebo ...

    Authors: Jiří Beran, Eva Šalapová and Marian Špajdel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:648
  20. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Central Africa, a region with the unusual peculiarity to be hyperendemic for infections with Hepatitis B, C and D viruses. However, data estima...

    Authors: Marie Atsama Amougou, Dominique Noah Noah, Paul Fewou Moundipa, Pascal Pineau and Richard Njouom
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:647
  21. The demographic composition and the frequency and nature of social contacts may affect the spread of influenza virus in a population, resulting in distinct age-dependent immunity patterns. As demography and so...

    Authors: Ruprecht Schmidt-Ott, Markus Schwehm and Martin Eichner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:646
  22. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults even in developed countries. Several lifestyle factors and comorbidities have been linked to an increased risk, although...

    Authors: I. Rivero-Calle, J. Pardo-Seco, P. Aldaz, D. A. Vargas, E. Mascarós, E. Redondo, J. L. Díaz-Maroto, M. Linares-Rufo, M. J. Fierro-Alacio, A. Gil, J. Molina, D. Ocaña and Federico Martinón-Torres
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:645

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:64

  23. Acute pancreatitis is identified as an atypical and rare presentation of leptospirosis. In this report, we discuss a case series of severe leptospirosis with pancreatitis as a main complication during an unusu...

    Authors: N. J. Herath, C. J. Kamburapola and S. B. Agampodi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:644
  24. Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most frequent cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide among people of all ages and the leading cause of gastrointestinal disease outbreaks in various settings. To clarify the differ...

    Authors: Makoto Kumazaki and Shuzo Usuku
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:643
  25. Although many studies have modelled the national burdens of hospitalizations and deaths due to influenza, few studies have considered the outpatient burden. To fill this gap for the United States (US), we appl...

    Authors: Gonçalo Matias, François Haguinet, Roger L. Lustig, Laurel Edelman, Gerardo Chowell and Robert J. Taylor
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:641
  26. TB and HIV are the most prevalent communicable diseases of major public health importance in the populations of sub-Saharan African countries, and an estimated 30 % of HIV infected persons have dual infection ...

    Authors: Solomon Ahmed Ali, Thandisizwe R. Mavundla, Ribka Fantu and Tadesse Awoke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:640
  27. Neisseria meningitidis colonizes humans and transmits mainly by asymptomatic carriage. We sought to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of meningococcal carriage in Ethiopia prior to the introduction of Men...

    Authors: Guro K. Bårnes, Paul A. Kristiansen, Demissew Beyene, Bereket Workalemahu, Paulos Fissiha, Behailu Merdekios, Jon Bohlin, Marie-Pierre Préziosi, Abraham Aseffa and Dominique A. Caugant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:639
  28. The Emergency Department (ED) is a frequent site of antibiotic use; poor adherence with evidence-based guidelines and broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse is common. Our objective was to determine rates and predi...

    Authors: Catherine Zatorski, Mark Zocchi, Sara E. Cosgrove, Cynthia Rand, Gillian Brooks and Larissa May
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:638
  29. The knowledge on viral respiratory infections in nursing home (NH) residents and their caregivers is limited. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the incidence of acute respiratory infec...

    Authors: Tina Uršič, Nina Gorišek Miksić, Lara Lusa, Franc Strle and Miroslav Petrovec
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:637
  30. Despite the availability of TB infection control guidelines, and good levels of healthcare worker knowledge about infection control, often these measures are not well implemented. This study sought to determin...

    Authors: Michelle Engelbrecht, André Janse van Rensburg, Gladys Kigozi and HCJ (Dingie) van Rensburg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:633
  31. Since the identification in early 2013 of severe disease caused by influenza A(H7N9) virus infection, there have been few attempts to characterize the full severity profile of human infections. Our objective w...

    Authors: Yong Ping Lin, Zi Feng Yang, Ying Liang, Zheng Tu Li, Helen S. Bond, Huiying Chua, Ya Sha Luo, Yuan Chen, Ting Ting Chen, Wen Da Guan, Jimmy Chun Cheong Lai, Yu Lam Siu, Si Hua Pan, J. S. Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling and Chris Ka PunMok
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:632

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:286

  32. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has been of public health concern since 2003. Probable risk factors for A(H5N1) transmission to human have been demonstrated in several studies or epidemiologic...

    Authors: Sowath Ly, Sirenda Vong, Philippe Cavailler, Elizabeth Mumford, Channa Mey, Sareth Rith, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, San Sorn, Touch Sok, Arnaud Tarantola and Philippe Buchy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:631
  33. Migrant farmworkers are among the highest-risk populations for latent TB infection (LTBI) in the United States with numerous barriers to healthcare access and increased vulnerability to infectious diseases. LT...

    Authors: E. Oren, M. H. Fiero, E. Barrett, B. Anderson, M. Nuῆez and F. Gonzalez-Salazar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:630
  34. To describe the clinical and microbiological data of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, the treatment used, hospital- and infection-related mortality, and risk factors for death.

    Authors: Claudia M. D. de Maio Carrilho, Larissa Marques de Oliveira, Juliana Gaudereto, Jamile S. Perozin, Mariana Ragassi Urbano, Carlos H. Camargo, Cintia M. C. Grion, Anna Sara S. Levin and Silvia F. Costa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:629
  35. The prevalence of hypogonadism in HIV-infected patients is still a matter of debate as there is no standardized consensual diagnostic method. In addition, the etiology and endocrine/metabolic implications of h...

    Authors: Ana Rita Gomes, Pedro Souteiro, Carolina Germana Silva, Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Francisco Almeida, António Sarmento, Davide Carvalho and Paula Freitas
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:628
  36. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the tourniquet test (TT) for dengue diagnosing. To our knowledge, no previous study with such a large sample, of this duration, with as many laboratory meth...

    Authors: Nathália Barbosa Furlan, Caroline Tukasan, Cássia Fernanda Estofolete, Maurício Lacerda Nogueira and Natal Santos da Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:627
  37. Vitamin D level is inversely associated with tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes (DM). Vitamin D could be a mediator in the association between TB and DM. We examined the associations between vitamin D, TB and DM.

    Authors: Noémie Boillat-Blanco, Pascal Bovet, Kaushik L. Ramaiya, Maliwasa Mganga, Lilian T. Minja, Lanja Saleh, Medea Imboden, Christian Schindler, Sebastien Gagneux, Claudia Daubenberger, Klaus Reither and Nicole Probst-Hensch
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:626
  38. Point-of-care (POC) tests are an important strategy to address the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The leucocyte esterase test (LET) can be used as a POC test for chlamydia. The aim of this...

    Authors: Menne Bartelsman, Henry J. C. de Vries, Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, Leslie O. A. Sabajo and Jannie J. van der Helm
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:625
  39. Ever since Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] discovered in India, several outbreaks of this disease have been recorded in Gujarat State, India. During the year 2011 to 2015 several districts of Gujarat an...

    Authors: Pragya D. Yadav, Deepak Y. Patil, Anita M. Shete, Prasad Kokate, Pulkit Goyal, Santosh Jadhav, Sanjeev Sinha, Divya Zawar, Surendra K. Sharma, Arti Kapil, D. K. Sharma, Kamlesh J. Upadhyay and Devendra T. Mourya
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:624
  40. An evidence-based, step-by-step guide, the 4 Pillars™ Practice Transformation Program, was the foundation of an intervention to increase adult immunizations in primary care and was tested in a randomized contr...

    Authors: Chyongchiou J. Lin, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Valory N. Pavlik, Anthony E. Brown, Song Zhang, Jonathan M. Raviotta, Krissy K. Moehling, Mary Hawk, Edmund M. Ricci, Donald B. Middleton, Suchita Patel, Jeannette E. South-Paul and Richard K. Zimmerman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:623
  41. Staphylococci represent the first etiologic agents of bone and joint infection (BJI), leading glycopeptides use, especially in case of methicillin-resistance or betalactam intolerance. Teicoplanin may represent a...

    Authors: Olivier Peeters, Tristan Ferry, Florence Ader, André Boibieux, Evelyne Braun, Anissa Bouaziz, Judith Karsenty, Emmanuel Forestier, Frédéric Laurent, Sébastien Lustig, Christian Chidiac and Florent Valour
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:622
  42. The prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing and the therapeutic options are limited, especially in primary care. ...

    Authors: Fardod O’Kelly, Siobhan Kavanagh, Rustom Manecksha, John Thornhill and Jérôme P. Fennell
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:620
  43. A1 The outcome of patients with recurrent versus non-recurrent pneumococcal meningitis in a tertiary health-care hospital in Bucharest

    Authors: Cristian-Mihail Niculae, Eliza Manea, Raluca Jipa, Simona Merisor, Ruxandra Moroti, Serban Benea, Adriana Hristea, Alina Cristina Neguț, Oana Săndulescu, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Dana Mărculescu, Magdalena Lorena Andrei, Veronica Ilie, Marcela Popa, Coralia Bleotu, Carmen Chifiriuc…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16(Suppl 4):1877

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 16 Supplement 4

  44. HIV clinical presentation in the acute stage is variable and some of its virological and immunological aspects are not completely understood. Most cases of HIV- associated reactive hemophagocytic syndrome have...

    Authors: Rita Veiga Ferraz, Ana Cláudia Carvalho, Fernando Araújo, Carmo Koch, Cândida Abreu and António Sarmento
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:619

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