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  1. Mathematical models can be used to predict the emergence and transmission of antiviral resistance. Previously it has been predicted that high usage of antivirals (in immunocompetent populations) to treat Herpe...

    Authors: Hayley B Gershengorn, Graham Darby and Sally M Blower
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2003 3:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) requires binding of the viral envelope gp120 to CD4 and to the CXCR4 coreceptor. Both, gp120 and CXCR4 are subject to N-glycosylation. Here we investi...

    Authors: Ingo Thordsen, Svenja Polzer and Michael Schreiber
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Periodontitis is associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen and it may be a coronary heart disease risk factor. We wanted to study if treatment of periodontitis can decrease the level...

    Authors: Kimmo Mattila, Marja Vesanen, Ville Valtonen, Markku Nieminen, Timo Palosuo, Vesa Rasi and Sirkka Asikainen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and schistosomiasis are major public health problems in the Nile Delta of Egypt. To control schistosomiasis, mass treatment campaigns using tartar emetic injections were condu...

    Authors: Malla R Rao, Abdollah B Naficy, Medhat A Darwish, Nebal M Darwish, Enrique Schisterman, John D Clemens and Robert Edelman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:29
    Content type: Hypothesis Published on:

  5. Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly known as P. carinii f.sp. hominis) is an opportunistic fungus that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised individuals. Pneumocystis ji...

    Authors: Jannik Helweg-Larsen, Jørgen Skov Jensen, Birthe Dohn, Thomas L Benfield and Bettina Lundgren
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Despite major developments in the management of septic shock, the mortality rate had progressively increased. Ibuprofen has been shown to have beneficial physiological effects when used as a treatment. However...

    Authors: Ilhami Celik, Ayhan Akbulut, S Sirri Kilic, Ali Rahman, Pervin Vural, Mukaddes Canbaz and Suleyman Felek
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. We report the characterisation of the variable large protein (vlp) gene expressed by clinical isolate A1 of Borrelia recurrentis; the agent of the life-threatening disease louse-borne relapsing fever.

    Authors: Vincent Vidal, Sally Cutler, Ian G Scragg, David JM Wright and Dominic Kwiatkowski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the WINGS project, an intervention to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among urban women at high risk for sexual acquisition of HIV.

    Authors: Harrell W Chesson, Judith B Greenberg and Michael Hennessy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases affecting both humans and animals. They are associated with post-translational conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrPC

    Authors: Magdalini Polymenidou, Susan Verghese-Nikolakaki, Martin Groschup, Melanie J Chaplin, Mick J Stack, Andreas Plaitakis and Theodoros Sklaviadis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Suboptimal specimen processing and storage conditions of samples which contain hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA may result in a decline of HCV RNA concentration or false-negative results in the detection of HCV RNA...

    Authors: Anne-Isabelle de Moreau de Gerbehaye, Monique Bodéus, Annie Robert, Yves Horsmans and Patrick Goubau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Constitutive expression and localization of antimicrobial human β-defensin-1 (HBD-1) in human kidneys as a potential mechanism of antimicrobial defense has been previously reported. Inducible expression of hum...

    Authors: Jan Lehmann, Margitta Retz, Jürgen Harder, Matthias Krams, Udo Kellner, Julia Hartmann, Kerstin Hohgräwe, Uta Raffenberg, Martin Gerber, Tillmann Loch, Klaus Weichert-Jacobsen and Michael Stöckle
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. It has not been clearly demonstrated whether HIV vaccination can complicate routine HIV testing. In this report, we describe the laboratory data of two prisoners who received rgp120 vaccine in a phase III tria...

    Authors: Vongsheree Suthon, Rojanawiwat Archawin, Chardbanchachai Chanchai, Lerwitworapong John, Kongpromsook Wichuda, Paungtubtim Wiroj, Thaisri Hansa, Sawanpanyalert Pathom, Sri-ngam Pongnuwat, Pithak Silaporn and Inunchot Wimala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:19
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) is linked to the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and the HHV-8 DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is associated with the clinical stage of KS. To examine t...

    Authors: Abeltje M Polstra, J Goudsmit and M Cornelissen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The standard of care for HCV Hepatitis is the combination of interferon (IFN) plus Ribavirin. In HIV patients the use of this combination therapy may induce drug interactions, and reduces the adherence to HAART.

    Authors: Raffaele Bruno, Paolo Sacchi, Massimo Puoti, Valentina Ciappina, Cristina Zocchetti, Enrico Brunetti, Elena Maffezzini, Anna Capelli, Savino FA Patruno, Antonello Malfitano and Gaetano Filice
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) occurs primarily in children and is believed to evolve from bacteremia followed by localization of infection to the metaphysis of bones. Currently, there is no consensus ...

    Authors: Nicole Le Saux, Andrew Howard, Nicholas J Barrowman, Isabelle Gaboury, Margaret Sampson and David Moher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Tuberculosis (TB) is an established occupational disease affecting health care workers (HCWs). Determining the risk of TB among HCWs is important to enable authorites to take preventative measures in health ca...

    Authors: Caglar Cuhadaroglu, Mustafa Erelel, Levent Tabak and Zeki Kilicaslan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease. The differential diagnosis of leptospirosis is difficult due to the varied and often "flu like" symptoms which may result in a missed or delayed diagnosis. Ther...

    Authors: Lee D Smythe, Ina L Smith, Greg A Smith, Michael F Dohnt, Meegan L Symonds, Leonie J Barnett and David B McKay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects 30–60% of humans worldwide. Latent toxoplasmosis, i.e., the life-long presence of Toxoplasma cysts in neural and muscular tissues, leads to prolongation of reaction times in...

    Authors: Jaroslav Flegr, Jan Havlícek, Petr Kodym, Marek Malý and Zbyněk Smahel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. In previous experiments, it was demonstrated that maternal antibodies (maAb) against rabies in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were transferred from the vixen to her offspring. However, data was lacking from cubs during th...

    Authors: Thomas Müller, Thomas Selhorst, Peter Schuster, Ad Vos, Ulf Wenzel and Andreas Neubert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is frequently used at a concentration of up to 95% in the formulation of antiherpetic agents because of its properties as a skin penetration enhancer. Here, we have analyzed the effec...

    Authors: JS Aguilar, D Roy, P Ghazal and EK Wagner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Prognosis of chronic osteomyelitis depends heavily on proper identification and treatment of the bone-infecting organism. Current knowledge on selecting the best specimen for culture is confusing, and many con...

    Authors: Andrés F Zuluaga, Wilson Galvis, Fabián Jaimes and Omar Vesga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The thymidine kinase (tk) mutagenesis assay is often utilized to determine the frequency of herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication-mediated mutations. Using this assay, clinical and laboratory HSV-2 isolates were...

    Authors: Karen E Duffy, Matthew R Quail, Tammy T Nguyen, Robert J Wittrock, Joan O Bartus, Wendy M Halsey, Jeffry J Leary, Teresa H Bacon and Robert T Sarisky
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), a promising candidate microbicide for prevention of sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathog...

    Authors: A Robert Neurath, Nathan Strick, Shibo Jiang, Yun-Yao Li and Asim K Debnath
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of airway epithelial cells stimulates the expression and secretion of a variety of cytokines including the chemotactic cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemo...

    Authors: Laura R Carpenter, James N Moy and Kenneth A Roebuck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Anaemia is a common manifestation of paediatric HIV infection. Although there are many causes, anaemia of chronic diseases is the most frequent type. In poor countries iron deficiency is widespread. It is prob...

    Authors: Brian S Eley, Alan A Sive, Margaret Shuttleworth and Gregory D Hussey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. To prevent importations of wild polioviruses into a polio free region a high level of population immunity must be kept. Standard methodology for determination of polio antibodies is a feature aimed at obtainin...

    Authors: Sabine Diedrich, Hermann Claus and Eckart Schreier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2002 2:2
    Content type: Hypothesis Published on:

  33. Acyclovir (ACV) resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolates can be readily selected in animal infection models receiving suboptimal ACV treatment, however no comparative studies of the emergence of resistanc...

    Authors: Robert T Sarisky, H Ron Bartus, Shelley A Dennis, Matthew R Quail, Tammy T Nguyen, Robert J Wittrock, Wendy S Halsey, Teresa H Bacon, Jeffry J Leary and David Sutton
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Mucormycosis (or zygomycosis) is the term for infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucoraceae may produce severe disease in susceptible individuals, notably patients with ...

    Authors: Atahan A Çagatay, Serkan S Öncü, Semra S Çalangu, Taner T Yildirmak, Halit H Özsüt and Haluk H Eraksoy
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:22
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. The prevalence of infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in the HIV-infected patient population in Colombia was uncertain despite some pilot studies. We determined the ...

    Authors: Martha I Murcia-Aranguren, Jorge E Gómez-Marin, Fernando S Alvarado, José G Bustillo, Ellen de Mendivelson, Bertha Gómez, Clara I León, William A Triana, Erwing A Vargas and Edgar Rodríguez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Many case reports of acute pancreatitis have been reported but, up to now, pancreatic abnormalities during acute gastroenteritis have not been studied prospectively.

    Authors: Giulia Tositti, Paolo Fabris, Eleonor Barnes, Francesca Furlan, Marzia Franzetti, Clara Stecca, Elena Pignattari, Valeria Pesavento and Fausto de Lalla
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), a pharmaceutical excipient used for enteric film coating of capsules and tablets, was shown to inhibit infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and severa...

    Authors: A Robert Neurath, Nathan Strick, Yun-Yao Li and Asim K Debnath
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Due to the growing number of outbreaks of infection in hospital nurseries, it becomes essential to set up a sanitation program that indicates that the appropriate chemical agent was chosen for application in t...

    Authors: Thereza Christina Vessoni Penna, Priscila Gava Mazzola and Alzira Maria Silva Martins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis has been shown to be associated with lymphocytic alveolitis after lung transplantation. In the present study, we investigated a series of bronchoalveolar (BAL) and blood sampl...

    Authors: François Stéphan, Jean-François Bernaudin, Danielle Cesari, Anne Fajac, Dominique Grenet, Isabelle Caubarrere and Marc Stern
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Echoviruses are the commonest cause of aseptic meningitis. Echovirus type 13 which has not been isolated in Germany over a long period of time was the predominant enterovirus serotype associated with different...

    Authors: Sabine Diedrich and Eckart Schreier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae with atherosclerosis is controversial. We investigated the presence of C. pneumoniae and other Chlamydia spp. in atheromatous carotid artery tissue.

    Authors: Grace M Ong, Peter V Coyle, Aires AB Barros D'Sa, W Glenn McCluggage, W Paul Duprex, Hugh J O'Neill, Dorothy E Wyatt, Kathleen B Bamford, Barney O'Loughlin and Conall McCaughey
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Nested nucleic acid amplification tests are often thought too sensitive or prone to generatingfalse positive results for routine use. The current study investigated the specificity and clinicalutility of a rou...

    Authors: Peter V Coyle, Hugh J O'Neill, Conall McCaughey, Dorothy E Wyatt and Michael O McBride
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Plasmodium falciparum malaria, is a major health problem in forested tribal belt of central India. Rapid and accurate methods are needed for the diagnosis of P. falciparum. We performe...

    Authors: Neeru Singh and Manmohan Shukla
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. HIV-I can be transmitted by intravenous inoculation of contaminated blood or blood product or sexually through mucosal surfaces. Here we performed a pilot study in the SIVmac251 macaque model to address whether t...

    Authors: Liljana Stevceva, Elzbieta Tryniszewska, Zdenek Hel, Janos Nacsa, Brian Kelsall, Robyn Washington Parks and Genoveffa Franchini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Transmission of hepatitis C vims (HCV) is strongly associated with use of contaminated blood products and injection drugs. Other "non-parental" modes of transmission including sexual activity have been increas...

    Authors: Leland J Yee, Heidi L Weiss, Rebecca G Langner, Jorge Herrera, Richard A Kaslow and Dirk J van Leeuwen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2001 1:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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