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  1. Recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with the induction of acute wheezing and/or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. However, molecular epidemiology of these viruses is no...

    Authors: Asako Fujitsuka, Hiroyuki Tsukagoshi, Mika Arakawa, Kazuko Goto-Sugai, Akihide Ryo, Yoshimichi Okayama, Katsumi Mizuta, Atsuyoshi Nishina, Masakazu Yoshizumi, Yoichi Kaburagi, Masahiro Noda, Masato Tashiro, Nobuhiko Okabe, Masaaki Mori, Shumpei Yokota and Hirokazu Kimura
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) was first described in 1997 in a patient in France. The causative agent, Rickettsia slovaca, is transmitted by Dermacentor ticks.

    Authors: Siegbert Rieg, Sabine Schmoldt, Christian Theilacker, Katja de With, Silke Wölfel, Winfried V Kern and Gerhard Dobler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:167
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  3. During the last decades, dengue viruses have spread throughout the Americas region, with an increase in the number of severe forms of dengue. The surveillance system in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) is curre...

    Authors: Myriam Gharbi, Philippe Quenel, Joël Gustave, Sylvie Cassadou, Guy La Ruche, Laurent Girdary and Laurence Marrama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Interferon alpha (IFNα) therapy has been widely used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) for decades. Nucleos(t)ide analogues are also increasingly used to treat CHB recently. More and more studies a...

    Authors: Wen-cong Li, Mao-rong Wang, Ling-bo Kong, Wei-guang Ren, Yu-guo Zhang and Yue-min Nan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that affects between 50 and 100 million people each year. Increasing our understanding of the heterogeneous transmission patterns of dengue at different spatial scales ...

    Authors: Gerardo Chowell, Bernard Cazelles, Hélène Broutin and Cesar V Munayco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. As the most common invasive fungal infection, invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains a serious complication in immunocompromised patients, leading to increased mortality. Antifungal therapy is expensive and may r...

    Authors: Karolin Graf, Somayeh Mohammad Khani, Ella Ott, Frauke Mattner, Petra Gastmeier, Dorith Sohr, Stefan Ziesing and Iris F Chaberny
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is usually self-limited, but some fulminant cases are fatal, even when occurring in previously healthy individuals. It can also be the cause of overwhelming postsplenectomy infect...

    Authors: Feng Xu, Chao-Liu Dai, Xing-Mao Wu and Peng Chu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:162
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  8. Acute otitis media with perforation (AOMwiP) affects 40% of remote Indigenous children during the first 18 months of life. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the primar...

    Authors: Michael J Binks, Allen C Cheng, Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Theo Sloots, Michael Nissen, David Whiley, Joseph McDonnell and Amanda J Leach
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. In the United States, about 70% of 2.9-3.7 million people with hepatitis C (HCV) are unaware of their infection. Although universal screening might be a cost-effective way to identify infections, prevent morbi...

    Authors: Phillip O Coffin, Anne M Stevens, John D Scott, Joanne D Stekler and Matthew R Golden
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Syphilis is a chronic infection that is classified into three stages. In its tertiary stage, syphilis spreads to the brain, heart and other organs; the lesions may involve the skin, mucous membranes and bones....

    Authors: Lorenzo Drago, Elena De Vecchi, Marco Pasqualini, Laura Moneghini and Maurilio Bruno
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:159
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. To determine whether chlamydia positivity among heterosexual men (MSW) and chlamydia and gonorrhea positivity among men who have sex with men (MSM), are changing.

    Authors: Lenka A Vodstrcil, Christopher K Fairley, Glenda Fehler, David Leslie, Jennifer Walker, Catriona S Bradshaw and Jane S Hocking
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Compared to the civilian population, military trainees are often at increased risk for respiratory infections. We investigated an outbreak of radiologically-confirmed pneumonia that was recognized after 2 fata...

    Authors: Fatimah S Dawood, John F Ambrose, Bruce P Russell, Anthony W Hawksworth, Jonas M Winchell, Nina Glass, Kathleen Thurman, Michele A Soltis, Erin McDonough, Agnes K Warner, Emily Weston, Nakia S Clemmons, Jennifer Rosen, Stephanie L Mitchell, Dennis J Faix, Patrick J Blair…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Understanding of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) in high TB and HIV prevalent settings is required in order to develop effective intervention strategies for TB control. However, there are little...

    Authors: Keren Middelkoop, Linda-Gail Bekker, Hua Liang, Lisa DH Aquino, Elaine Sebastian, Landon Myer and Robin Wood
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) has public health importance as a leading cause of genital ulcers, a co-factor in HIV-1 acquisition and transmission and as a cause of neonatal herpes infections. Little is ...

    Authors: Joyce U Nyiro, Eduard J Sanders, Caroline Ngetsa, Steve Wale, Ken Awuondo, Elizabeth Bukusi, Matthew A Price, Pauli N Amornkul and D James Nokes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Helicobacter pylori is a widely spread bacterium that mainly inhabits the gastric mucosa and can lead to serious illnesses such as peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma and gastric MALT lymphoma. The oral-oral...

    Authors: Claudia Peters, Anja Schablon, Melanie Harling, Claudia Wohlert, José Torres Costa and Albert Nienhaus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Norway is classified as a low prevalence country for hepatitis B virus infection. Vaccination is only recommended for risk groups (intravenous drug users (IDUs), Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), immigrants and...

    Authors: Gražina Rimšelienė, Øivind Nilsen, Hilde Kløvstad, Hans Blystad and Preben Aavitsland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Emergence of daptomycin-nonsusceptible (DNS) Staphylococcus aureus is a dreadful problem in the treatment of endocarditis. Few current therapeutic agents are effective for treating infections caused by DNS S. aur...

    Authors: Liang-Yu Chen, Cheng-Hsiung Huang, Shu-Chen Kuo, Chen-Yuan Hsiao, Mei-Lin Lin, Fu-Der Wang and Chang-Phone Fung
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:152
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. MedSense is an electronic hand hygiene compliance monitoring system that provides Infection Control Practitioners with continuous access to hand hygiene compliance information by monitoring Moments 1 and 4 of ...

    Authors: Vincent CC Cheng, Josepha WM Tai, Sara KY Ho, Jasper FW Chan, Kwan Ngai Hung, Pak Leung Ho and Kwok Yung Yuen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. A study including 166 subjects was performed to investigate the frequency and persistence over a 6-month interval of concurrent oral and anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Human Immunodeficiency Vir...

    Authors: Saverio G Parisi, Mario Cruciani, Renzo Scaggiante, Caterina Boldrin, Samantha Andreis, Federico Dal Bello, Silvana Pagni, Andrea Barelli, Andrea Sattin, Carlo Mengoli and Giorgio Palù
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Infection caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, a Group B streptococcus, is an emerging disease in non-pregnant adults. This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of S. ...

    Authors: Romanee Chaiwarith, Waree Jullaket, Manasanant Bunchoo, Nontakan Nuntachit, Thira Sirisanthana and Khuanchai Supparatpinyo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Typhoid fever remains a significant health problem in many developing countries. A rapid test with a performance comparable to that of blood culture would be highly useful. A rapid diagnostic test for typhoid ...

    Authors: Benedikt Ley, Kamala Thriemer, Shaali M Ame, George M Mtove, Lorenz von Seidlein, Ben Amos, Ilse CE Hendriksen, Abraham Mwambuli, Aikande Shoo, Deok R Kim, Leon R Ochiai, Michael Favorov, John D Clemens, Harald Wilfing, Jacqueline L Deen and Said M Ali
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Viral reservoir size refers to cellular human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) DNA levels in CD4+ T lymphocytes of peripheral blood obtained from patients with plasma HIV-1-RNA levels (viral load, VL) maintained ...

    Authors: Dai Watanabe, Shiro Ibe, Tomoko Uehira, Rumi Minami, Atsushi Sasakawa, Keishiro Yajima, Hitoshi Yonemoto, Hiroki Bando, Yoshihiko Ogawa, Tomohiro Taniguchi, Daisuke Kasai, Yasuharu Nishida, Masahiro Yamamoto, Tsuguhiro Kaneda and Takuma Shirasaka
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Patients with rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk for infections related to both the disease and its treatments. These include uncommonly reported infections due to his...

    Authors: Timothy C Olson, Tim Bongartz, Cynthia S Crowson, Glenn D Roberts, Robert Orenstein and Eric L Matteson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Unwanted pregnancy and HIV infection are issues of significant concern to young people. Limited data exists on contraceptive decision-making and practices among HIV-infected and HIV-negative young people in lo...

    Authors: Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Frank Kaharuza, Anna Mia Ekström, Stella Neema, Asli Kulane and Florence Mirembe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. About 90% of all malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africa occur in children under five years. Fast and reliable diagnosis of malaria requires confirmation of the presence of malaria parasites in the blood of patie...

    Authors: Bernard Nkrumah, Samuel EK Acquah, Lukeman Ibrahim, Juergen May, Norbert Brattig, Egbert Tannich, Samuel Blay Nguah, Yaw Adu-Sarkodie and Frank Huenger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Hantaviruses are the causative agents of two zoonotic diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). The pathogenesis of HFRS is poorly understood. Howev...

    Authors: Ana Saksida, Branka Wraber and Tatjana Avšič-Županc
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The World Health Organization recommends universal and quality-controlled screening of blood donations for the major transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs): human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B...

    Authors: Jocelijn Stokx, Philippe Gillet, Anja De Weggheleire, Esther C Casas, Rosa Maendaenda, Adelino J Beulane, Ilhes V Jani, Solon Kidane, Carla D Mosse, Jan Jacobs and Emmanuel Bottieau
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The first influenza pandemic of the 21th century was ignited by a new strain of influenza A virus (A/H1N1pdm). Specific patient groups, including those with comorbidities, pregnant women, young children, older...

    Authors: Silvia Meschi, Marina Selleri, Eleonora Lalle, Licia Bordi, Maria B Valli, Federica Ferraro, Giuseppe Ippolito, Nicola Petrosillo, Francesco N Lauria and Maria R Capobianchi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Comparison of mortality among patients with positive and negative blood cultures may indicate the contribution of bacteremia to mortality. This study (1) compared mortality among patients with community-acquir...

    Authors: Mette Søgaard, Mette Nørgaard, Lars Pedersen, Henrik T Sørensen and Henrik C Schønheyder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. During the past two decades, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become increasingly common as a source of nosocomial infections. Most studies of MRSA surveillance were performed during outbrea...

    Authors: Madeleine Dulon, Frank Haamann, Claudia Peters, Anja Schablon and Albert Nienhaus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Reports of the etiology of bacteremia in children from Nigeria are sparse and have been confounded by wide spread non-prescription antibiotic use and suboptimal laboratory culture techniques. We aimed to deter...

    Authors: Stephen Obaro, Lovett Lawson, Uduak Essen, Khalid Ibrahim, Kevin Brooks, Adekunle Otuneye, Denis Shetima, Patience Ahmed, Theresa Ajose, Michael Olugbile, David Idiong, Damola Ogundeji, Comfort Ochigbo, Grace Olanipekun, Walid Khalife and Richard Adegbola
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Persistent neutrophilic meningitis is an unusual form of chronic meningitis that is defined as clinical meningitis with a neutrophilic pleocytosis that persists for greater than 7 days despite empiric antimicr...

    Authors: Jaime S Green, Shira R Abeles, Daniel Z Uslan and Sanjay R Mehta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:136
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  34. There is an urgent need of prognosis markers for tuberculosis (TB) to improve treatment strategies. The results of several studies show that the Interferon (IFN)-γ-specific response to the TB antigens of the Q...

    Authors: Basirudeen Syed Ahamed Kabeer, Alamelu Raja, Balambal Raman, Satheesh Thangaraj, Marc Leportier, Giuseppe Ippolito, Enrico Girardi, Philippe Henri Lagrange and Delia Goletti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Super-infection in adult bacterial meningitis (ABM) is a condition wherein the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) grows new pathogen(s) during the therapeutic course of meningitis. It is an uncommon but clinically impo...

    Authors: Chi-Ren Huang, Shu-Fang Chen, Cheng-Hsien Lu, Yao-Chung Chuang, Nai-Wen Tsai, Chiung-Chih Chang, Hung-Chen Wang, Chun-Chih Chien and Wen-Neng Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. In Germany, testing and treatment of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) services are not provided by one medical discipline, but rather dispersed among many different providers. Common STIs like gonorrho...

    Authors: Axel J Schmidt and Ulrich Marcus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Chronic diarrhea in patients treated with immunosuppressive agents or suffering from immunosuppressive disease can represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Norovirus infection, a majo...

    Authors: Todd Capizzi, Grace Makari-Judson, Richard Steingart and Wilson C Mertens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:131
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Yeasts are a common cause of invasive fungal infections in critically ill patients. Antifungal susceptibility testing results of clinically significant fungal strains are of interest to physicians, enabling th...

    Authors: Giulia Morace, Elisa Borghi, Roberta Iatta, Gerardino Amato, Stefano Andreoni, Gioconda Brigante, Claudio Farina, Giuliana Lo Cascio, Gianluigi Lombardi, Ester Manso, Michele Mussap, Patrizia Pecile, Roberto Rigoli, Elisabetta Tangorra, Maria Valmarin and Maria Teresa Montagna
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Outcome data on two-stage revision surgery for deep infection after septic hip arthritis are limited and inconsistent. This study presents the medium-term results of a new, standardized two-stage arthroplasty ...

    Authors: Carlo L Romanò, Delia Romanò, Enzo Meani, Nicola Logoluso and Lorenzo Drago
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. China is at greatest risk of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 due to its huge population and high residential density. The unclear comprehension and negative attitudes towards the emerging infectious disease among gen...

    Authors: Yilan Lin, Lijuan Huang, Shaofa Nie, Zengyan Liu, Hongjie Yu, Weirong Yan and Yihua Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide. Ninty five percent of TB cases and 98% of deaths due to TB occur in developing countries. Globally, the mortality rate h...

    Authors: Belete Getahun, Gobena Ameni, Sibhatu Biadgilign and Girmay Medhin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Melioidosis is a disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and considered endemic in South-East Asia but remains poorly documented in Cambodia. We report the first series of hospitalized pulmonary melioidosis c...

    Authors: Blandine Rammaert, Julien Beauté, Laurence Borand, Sopheak Hem, Philippe Buchy, Sophie Goyet, Rob Overtoom, Cécile Angebault, Vantha Te, Patrich Lorn Try, Charles Mayaud, Sirenda Vong and Bertrand Guillard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Direct sputum smear microscopy is the mainstay of TB diagnosis in most low and middle income countries, and is highly specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in such settings. However it is limited by low sensiti...

    Authors: Heidi Albert, Patrick J Ademun, George Lukyamuzi, Barnabas Nyesiga, Yukari Manabe, Moses Joloba, Stuart Wilson and Mark D Perkins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 respond poorly to standard treatment with 50% or less achieving sustained virologic response. Predicting outcome is essential and could help avoid unne...

    Authors: Erik Alestig, Birgitta Arnholm, Anders Eilard, Martin Lagging, Staffan Nilsson, Gunnar Norkrans, Thomas Wahlberg, Rune Wejstål, Johan Westin and Magnus Lindh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Dengue re-emerges in Singapore despite decades of effective vector control; the infection predominantly afflicts adults. Severe dengue not fulfilling dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) criteria according to World ...

    Authors: Yee-Sin Leo, Tun L Thein, Dale A Fisher, Jenny G Low, Helen M Oh, Rajmohan L Narayanan, Victor C Gan, Vernon J Lee and David C Lye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Prevention of diarrhea has presented indomitable challenges. A preventive strategy that has received significant interest is zinc supplementation. Existing literature including quantitative meta-analyses and s...

    Authors: Archana B Patel, Manju Mamtani, Neetu Badhoniya and Hemant Kulkarni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Countries aiming for malaria elimination require a detailed understanding of the current intensity of malaria transmission within their national borders. National household sample surveys are now being used to...

    Authors: Abdisalan M Noor, Maoulid B Mohamed, Cleopatra K Mugyenyi, Mouna A Osman, Hawa H Guessod, Caroline W Kabaria, Ifrah A Ahmed, Mary Nyonda, Jackie Cook, Christopher J Drakeley, Margaret J Mackinnon and Robert W Snow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Patients with Enterobacter community-acquired pneumonia (EnCAP) were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Our primary aim was to describe them as few data are available on EnCAP. A comparison with CAP due t...

    Authors: Alexandre Boyer, Brice Amadeo, Frédéric Vargas, Ma Yu, Sylvie Maurice-Tison, Véronique Dubois, Cécile Bébéar, Anne Marie Rogues and Didier Gruson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. More than 340 million cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were estimated to have occurred worldwide in 1995. Previous studies have shown that the presence of other concomitant STIs increase...

    Authors: Mohsin Saeed Khan, Magnus Unemo, Shakila Zaman and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2011 11:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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