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  1. Short-term zidovudine monotherapy (ZDVm) remains an option for some pregnant HIV-positive women not requiring treatment for their own health but may affect treatment responses once antiretroviral therapy (ART)...

    Authors: Susie Huntington, Claire Thorne, Jane Anderson, Marie-Louise Newell, Graham P Taylor, Deenan Pillay, Teresa Hill, Pat Tookey and Caroline Sabin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have been increasingly reported at hospital admission. Recognising the magnitude, trend and predictors for MDR organisms in community-onset bloodstream infections (COBSI) is...

    Authors: Ching Jou Lim, Allen C Cheng, David CM Kong and Anton Y Peleg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Nosocomial infections pose substantial risk to patients receiving care in hospitals. In Africa, this problem is aggravated by inadequate infection control due to poor hygiene, resource and structural constrain...

    Authors: Micha Scherbaum, Katrin Kösters, Raymund Egid Mürbeth, Ulysse Ateba Ngoa, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Bertrand Lell and Abraham Alabi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Few studies have compared the impact of different antiretroviral regimens on residual immune activation and inflammation with discordant results. Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of various antir...

    Authors: Suhaib Hattab, Amelie Guihot, Marguerite Guiguet, Slim Fourati, Guislaine Carcelain, Fabienne Caby, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Brigitte Autran, Dominique Costagliola and Christine Katlama
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Severe sepsis is recognized as an inflammatory response causing organ dysfunction in patients with infection. Antimicrobial therapy is the mainstay of treatment. There is an ongoing demand for local surveillan...

    Authors: Siri Tandberg Nygård, Nina Langeland, Hans K Flaatten, Rune Fanebust, Oddbjørn Haugen and Steinar Skrede
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Several assays are used to measure type-specific serological responses to human papillomavirus (HPV), including the bead-based glutathione S-transferase (GST)-L1 multiplex serology assay and virus-like particl...

    Authors: Hilary A Robbins, Yan Li, Carolina Porras, Michael Pawlita, Arpita Ghosh, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Mark Schiffman, Sholom Wacholder, Troy J Kemp, Paula Gonzalez, John Schiller, Douglas Lowy, Mark Esser, Katie Matys, Wim Quint, Leen-Jan van Doorn…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most important agents of infectious diseases. Both HBV and HIV share common modes of transmission and have serious effects on both pre...

    Authors: Yohannes Zenebe, Wondemagegn Mulu, Mulat Yimer and Bayeh Abera
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:118
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. American trypanosomiasis is a major disease and public health issue, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The prevalence of T. cruzi has not been fully documented, and there are few reports of this...

    Authors: Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza, José Luis Rosales-Encina, Roberto Mercado-Hernández, Daniel P Molina-Garza, Ricardo Gomez-Flores and Lucio Galaviz-Silva
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Laboratory-confirmed norovirus illness is reportable in Germany since 2001. Reported case numbers are known to be undercounts, and a valid estimate of the actual incidence in Germany does not exist. An increas...

    Authors: Helen Bernard, Dirk Werber and Michael Höhle
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Tuberculosis is classified as either pulmonary or extra-pulmonary (EPTB). While much focus has been paid to pulmonary tuberculosis, EPTB has received scant attention. Moreover, EPTB is viewed as one wastebaske...

    Authors: Tobias Pusch, Jotam G Pasipanodya, Ronald G Hall II and Tawanda Gumbo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Biological agents such as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are known to cause mycobacterium infections. Here, we report a disseminated non-tuberculosis case caused by TNF-α inhibitor therapy and a probable p...

    Authors: Takahiro Takazono, Shigeki Nakamura, Yoshifumi Imamura, Taiga Miyazaki, Koichi Izumikawa, Hiroshi Kakeya, Katsunori Yanagihara and Shigeru Kohno
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:114
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  12. After being polio free for more than 10 years, an outbreak occurred in China in 2011 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) following the importation of wild poliovirus (WPV) originating from neighbori...

    Authors: Ning Wen, Chun-Xiang Fan, Jian-Ping Fu, Jing Ning, Yi-Xin Ji, Hui-Ming Luo, Hua-Qing Wang, Shuang-Li Zhu, Wen-Zhou Yu, Hai-Bo Wang, Hui Zhu, Fu-Qiang Cui, De-Xin Li, Shi-Wen Wang, Wen-Bo Xu, Li-Xin Hao…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The purpose of the study was to investigate parents’ perceptions of antibiotic use for their children, interactions between parents and physicians regarding treatment with antibiotics, and factors associated w...

    Authors: Miao Yu, Genming Zhao, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg, Yipin Zhu, Qi Zhao and Biao Xu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic infection sporadically imported to Europe by tourists or immigrants returning from endemic areas. We present the first and an unusual case of East African trypanosomiasis...

    Authors: Małgorzata Paul, Jerzy Stefaniak, Piotr Smuszkiewicz, Marjan Van Esbroeck, Dirk Geysen and Jan Clerinx
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:111
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. A rapid diagnostic test for active tuberculosis (TB) at the clinical point-of-care could expedite case detection and accelerate TB treatment initiation. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid urine lip...

    Authors: Paul K Drain, Elena Losina, Sharon M Coleman, Janet Giddy, Douglas Ross, Jeffrey N Katz, Rochelle P Walensky, Kenneth A Freedberg and Ingrid V Bassett
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the current complement to microscopy for ensuring prompt malaria treatment. We determined the performance of three candidate RDTs (Paracheckâ„¢-Pf, SD Bioline malaria Ag-Pf and ...

    Authors: Djibrine Djallé, Jean Chrysostome Gody, Jean Methode Moyen, Gaspard Tekpa, Julienne Ipero, Nestor Madji, Sébastien Breurec and Alexandre Manirakiza
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. An effective adaptive immune response requires activation of specific CD4 T cells. The capacity of B cells to activate CD4 T cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) has not been eval...

    Authors: Daniel Rodriguez-Pinto, Nancy Gore Saravia and Diane McMahon-Pratt
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. HIV infection reduces the likelihood that individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis are smear positive and that they have cavitatory disease. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) may shift the pattern of disease to be m...

    Authors: Lumbani Munthali, Palwasha Y Khan, Nimrod J Mwaungulu, Femia Chilongo, Sian Floyd, Michael Kayange, Judith R Glynn, Neil French and Amelia C Crampin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) isolates resistant to the clinically implemented antibiotics is challenging the efficacy of treatments. Unfortunately, phenotypic and molecular data regarding Ng detected ...

    Authors: Andrea Endimiani, Yuvia N Guilarte, Regula Tinguely, Lea Hirzberger, Sylvia Selvini, Agnese Lupo, Christoph Hauser and Hansjakob Furrer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Endocarditis due to Propionibacterium acnes is a rare disease. Scant data on treatment of these infections is available and is based on case reports only. If the disease is complicated by abscess formation, surgi...

    Authors: Mario Kurz, Beat A Kaufmann, Larry M Baddour and Andreas F Widmer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:105
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. Diarrheal diseases are a major public health problem in developing countries, and are one of the main causes of hospital admissions in Madagascar. The Pasteur Institute of Madagascar undertook a study to deter...

    Authors: Frederique Randrianirina, Elisoa Hariniana Ratsima, Lova Ramparany, Rindra Randremanana, Hanitra Clara Rakotonirina, Tahiry Andriamanantena, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Soatiana Rajatonirina, Vincent Richard and Antoine Talarmin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:104
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. This study aims to research two areas, one with a resistant and the other with a susceptible profile of An. gambiae to deltamethrin in the region of Plateau (southern Benin). In each area, eight localities were s...

    Authors: Arthur Sovi, Innocent Djègbè, Lawal Soumanou, Filémon Tokponnon, Virgile Gnanguenon, Roseric Azondékon, Frédéric Oké-Agbo, Mariam Okè, Alioun Adéchoubou, Achille Massougbodji, Vincent Corbel and Martin Akogbéto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Colistin and tigecycline have both been shown good in vitro activity among multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB). A comparative study of colistin versus tigecycline for MDRAB pneumonia is lacking.

    Authors: Yu-Chung Chuang, Chien-Yu Cheng, Wang-Huei Sheng, Hsin-Yun Sun, Jann-Tay Wang, Yee-Chun Chen and Shan-Chwen Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Manson’s schistosomiasis continues to be a severe public health problem in Brazil, where thousands of people live under the risk of contracting this parasitosis. In the Northeast of Brazil, schistosomiasis has...

    Authors: Elainne Christine de Souza Gomes, Onicio Batista Leal-Neto, Fernando José Moreira de Oliveira Jr, Julyana Viegas Campos, Reinaldo Souza-Santos and Constança Simões Barbosa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Cryptosporidium spp and I. belli are intestinal opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS. A decline in the incidence of these opportunistic infections due to HAART was reported. We aim to investigate th...

    Authors: Mekonnen Girma, Wondu Teshome, Beyene Petros and Tekola Endeshaw
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory conditions, it is a requirement to screen for certain viral serology, including hepatitis B (HBV). A positive result ma...

    Authors: Simon Parker, Eliza Gil, Patricia Hewitt, Katherine Ward, Yasmin Reyal, Sasha Wilson and Jessica Manson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:99
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. The first case of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus was identified in March, 2013 and the new H7N9 virus infected 134 patients and killed 45 people in China as of September 30, 2013. Family c...

    Authors: Ti Liu, Zhenqiang Bi, Xianjun Wang, Zhong Li, Shujun Ding, Zhenwang Bi, Liansen Wang, Yaowen Pei, Shaoxia Song, Shengyang Zhang, Jianxing Wang, Dapeng Sun, Bo Pang, Lin Sun, Xiaolin Jiang, Jie Lei…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:98
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  28. Hospitalized patients are at increased risk for candidemia and invasive candidiasis (C/IC). Improved therapeutic regimens with enhanced clinical and pharmacoeconomic outcomes utilizing existing antifungal agen...

    Authors: Jose Vazquez, Annette C Reboli, Peter G Pappas, Thomas F Patterson, John Reinhardt, Peter Chin-Hong, Ellis Tobin, Daniel H Kett, Pinaki Biswas and Robert Swanson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. In China, high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence is unexpectedly high in older women, but the possible reasons have not been well studied yet. This study investigated the age trends of HR-HPV infec...

    Authors: Le-Ni Kang, Philip E Castle, Fang-Hui Zhao, Jose Jeronimo, Feng Chen, Pooja Bansil, Jing Li, Wen Chen, Xun Zhang and You-Lin Qiao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Rectal products used with anal intercourse (AI) may facilitate transmission of STIs/HIV. However, there is limited data on rectal douching behavior in populations practicing AI. We examined the content, types ...

    Authors: Marjan Javanbakht, Shauna Stahlman, Jim Pickett, Marc-André LeBlanc and Pamina M Gorbach
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:95
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) represent important public health problems in the Western Amazon region with reported cases of fulminant hepatitis. This cross sectional study describes HBV ...

    Authors: Myuki Alfaia Esashika Crispim, Nelson Abrahim Fraiji, Sonia Cordeiro Campello, Nicolaus Albert Schriefer, Mariane Martins Araújo Stefani and Dagmar Kiesslich
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The incidence and characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in remote areas of Papua New Guinea (PNG) are largely unknown. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of TB in the Gulf Province of PNG a...

    Authors: Gail B Cross, Katie Coles, Mandana Nikpour, Owen A Moore, Justin Denholm, Emma S McBryde, Damon P Eisen, Beverlyn Warigi, Robyn Carter, Sushil Pandey, Paul Harino, Peter Siba, Christopher Coulter, Ivo Mueller, Suparat Phuanukoonnon and Marc Pellegrini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Children are highly susceptible to tuberculosis; thus, there is need for safe and effective preventive interventions. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of isoniazid in prevention of tuberculosis morbi...

    Authors: James Ayieko, Lisa Abuogi, Brett Simchowitz, Elizabeth A Bukusi, Allan H Smith and Arthur Reingold
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Since 2010, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines discourage using stavudine in first-line regimens due to frequent and severe side effects. This study describes the implementation of this recommendation ...

    Authors: Fabian Christoph Franzeck, Emilio Letang, Geoffrey Mwaigomole, Boniphace Jullu, Tracy R Glass, Daniel Nyogea, Christoph Hatz, Marcel Tanner and Manuel Battegay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Routine tuberculosis culture remains unavailable in many high-burden areas, including Tanzania. This study sought to determine the impact of providing mycobacterial culture results over standard of care [uncon...

    Authors: Elizabeth A Reddy, Boniface N Njau, Susan C Morpeth, Kathryn E Lancaster, Alison C Tribble, Venance P Maro, Levina J Msuya, Anne B Morrissey, Gibson S Kibiki, Nathan M Thielman, Coleen K Cunningham, Werner Schimana, John F Shao, Shein-Chung Chow, Jason E Stout, John A Crump…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Estimates of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in a population prior to and after HPV vaccine introduction are essential to evaluate the short-term impact of vaccination.

    Authors: Yvonne Deleré, Cornelius Remschmidt, Josefine Leuschner, Melanie Schuster, Michaela Fesenfeld, Achim Schneider, Ole Wichmann and Andreas M Kaufmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels are crucial for managing chronic hepatitis B (CHB). It was unclear whether Daan real-time polymerase chain reaction test (Daan test) or COBAS TaqMan HBV DNA Test (Cobas TaqMa...

    Authors: Shao-hang Cai, Fang-fang Lv, Yong-hong Zhang, Ye-gui Jiang and Jie Peng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Treatment-naïve patients newly diagnosed with HIV occasionally present with low viral RNA of ≤1’000 copies/ml, raising concerns about viral load underestimation. Because falsely low or undetectable viral loads...

    Authors: Beatrice N Vetter, Cyril Shah, Jon B Huder, Jürg Böni and Jörg Schüpbach
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Humans vary in their susceptibility to acquiring Staphylococcus aureus infection, and research suggests that there is a genetic basis for this variability. Several recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) ha...

    Authors: Charlotte L Nelson, Kimberly Pelak, Mihai V Podgoreanu, Sun Hee Ahn, William K Scott, Andrew S Allen, Lindsay G Cowell, Thomas H Rude, Yurong Zhang, Amy Tong, Felicia Ruffin, Batu K Sharma-Kuinkel and Vance G Fowler, Jr
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. In China, caregivers of chronic viral hepatitis patients experience considerable burdens, stress and disruption of their own well-being and social activities. Measurement of the effect on caregivers is an unde...

    Authors: Hong Ren, Yan Yu, Jia-Yu Hu, Yang Shi, Yi-Han Lu and Wei Meng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Travellers’ diarrhoea (TD) is the most frequent health problem among travellers to the tropics. Using routine techniques, the aetiology mostly remains unresolved, whereas modern molecular methods enable reduci...

    Authors: Tinja Lääveri, Sari H Pakkanen, Jenni Antikainen, Jukka Riutta, Sointu Mero, Juha Kirveskari and Anu Kantele
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Studies indicate that asymptomatic infections do indeed occur frequently for both seasonal and pandemic influenza, accounting for about one-third of influenza infections. Studies carried out during the 2009 pH...

    Authors: Ying-Hen Hsieh, Chen-An Tsai, Chien-Yu Lin, Jin-Hua Chen, Chwan-Chuen King, Day-Yu Chao and Kuang-Fu Cheng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. We evaluated whether immune activation (IA) and microbial translocation (MT) might play a role in accelerating liver disease progression in HIV-HBV/HCV co-infected patients.

    Authors: Giulia Marchetti, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Camilla Tincati, Andrea Calcagno, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Andrea De Luca, Andrea Antinori, Antonella Castagna, Massimo Puoti and Antonella d’Arminio Monforte
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Giardia duodenalis is a flagellate parasite which has been considered the most common protozoa infecting human worldwide. Molecular characterization of G. duodenalis isolates have revealed the existence of eight...

    Authors: Tengku Shahrul Anuar, Siti Nor Azreen, Fatmah Md Salleh and Norhayati Moktar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. In many GAVI-eligible countries, effectiveness of new vaccines will be evaluated by case-control methodology. To inform the design and assess selection bias of a future case-control study of rotavirus vaccine ...

    Authors: Sammy Khagayi, Jacqueline E Tate, Reuben Onkoba, Umesh Parashar, Frank Odhiambo, Deron Burton, Kayla Laserson and Daniel R Feikin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. It is essential to investigate the serotype distribution of pneumococcal diseases in each region and its associated clinical features. This study investigated the annual incidence of invasive pneumococcal dise...

    Authors: Chih-Cheng Lai, Sheng-Hsiang Lin, Chun-Hsing Liao, Wang-Huei Sheng and Po-Ren Hsueh
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mainly transmitted by parenteral route, being blood transfusion and intravenous drug use the most frequent risk factors. However, it has been suggested that there are other routes of...

    Authors: Francisca Sosa-Jurado, Verónica L Hernández-Galindo, Daniel Meléndez-Mena, Miguel A Mendoza-Torres, Fernando J Martínez-Arroniz, Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz, Julio Reyes-Leyva and Gerardo Santos-López
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) neuropathic symptoms may develop within weeks of starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This timing coincides with the occurrence o...

    Authors: Johan J Van der Watt, Katalin A Wilkinson, Robert J Wilkinson and Jeannine M Heckmann
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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