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  1. In the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) era, the prognosis of children perinatally infected with HIV-1 has significantly improved, so the number of perinatally-infected females entering child-beari...

    Authors: Carmelina Calitri, Clara Gabiano, Luisa Galli, Elena Chiappini, Carlo Giaquinto, Wilma Buffolano, Orazio Genovese, Susanna Esposito, Stefania Bernardi, Maurizio De Martino and Pier-Angelo Tovo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:277
  2. Human Parainfluenza viruses are a common cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in children. Of the four Parainfluenza virus serotypes, Parainfluenza 4 is least well character...

    Authors: Seweryn Bialasiewicz, Jodie McVernon, Terry Nolan, Stephen B Lambert, Guoyan Zhao, David Wang, Michael D Nissen and Theo P Sloots
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:275
  3. Symptom- and sexual history-based testing i.e., testing on indication, for anorectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in women is common. Yet, it is unknown whether this strategy is effective. Moreover, ...

    Authors: Geneviève AFS van Liere, Christian JPA Hoebe, Petra FG Wolffs and Nicole HTM Dukers-Muijrers
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:274
  4. We undertook a 2X2 factorial, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess whether vitamin D3 supplementation (10,000 international units per week) versus placebo and gargling versus no gargling could prevent vira...

    Authors: Emma C Goodall, Andrea C Granados, Kathy Luinstra, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Brenda L Coleman, Mark Loeb and Marek Smieja
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:273
  5. Choice of empirically prescribed antimicrobials for sepsis management depends on epidemiological factors. The epidemiology of sepsis in Greece was studied in two large-periods.

    Authors: Marina Koupetori, Theodoros Retsas, Nikolaos Antonakos, Glykeria Vlachogiannis, Ioannis Perdios, Christos Nathanail, Konstantinos Makaritsis, Antonios Papadopoulos, Dimitrios Sinapidis, Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Ioannis Pneumatikos, Charalambos Gogos, Apostolos Armaganidis and Elisabeth Paramythiotou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:272
  6. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from long-term care facilities (LTCF) residents and to analyze the potential...

    Authors: Dorota Romaniszyn, Monika Pobiega, Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach, Agnieszka Chmielarczyk, Barbara Gryglewska, Pawel Adamski, Piotr B Heczko, Dorota Ochońska and Malgorzata Bulanda
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:271
  7. Erysipelas is a common infection that often recurs, but the impact of specific risk factors for reoccurrence remains elusive. In the present study we aimed at clarifying predisposing conditions for reoccurrence.

    Authors: Malin Inghammar, Magnus Rasmussen and Adam Linder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:270
  8. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent in Asian immigrants in the USA. California’s Inland Empire region has a population of approximately four million, including an estimated 19,000 first generation K...

    Authors: Natali Navarro, Nelson Lim, Jiah Kim, Elliot Joo, Kendrick Che, Bruce Allen Runyon and Michel Henry Mendler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:269
  9. Health promotion for prevention and control of Tuberculosis (TB) is implemented worldwide because of its importance, but few reports have evaluated its impact on behavior due to a lack of standard outcome indi...

    Authors: Ying Li, John Ehiri, Daiyu Hu, Yanqi Zhang, Qingya Wang, Shun Zhang and Jia Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:268
  10. Public awareness of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), especially related to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), has increased in Europe in recent years; accentuated in Norway by a national outbreak in 2...

    Authors: Gaute Reier Jenssen, Eirik Hovland, Anna Bjerre, Hans-Jacob Bangstad, Karin Nygard and Line Vold
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:265
  11. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of intestinal parasitoses during a 5-year period in patients attending a tertiary-care hospital in a non-endemic setting.

    Authors: Adriana Calderaro, Sara Montecchini, Sabina Rossi, Chiara Gorrini, Flora De Conto, Maria Cristina Medici, Carlo Chezzi and Maria Cristina Arcangeletti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:264
  12. Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected diseases found in developing countries and affects 249 million people worldwide. The development of an efficient vaccination strategy is essential for the...

    Authors: Milena Sobral Espíndola, Fabiani Gai Frantz, Luana Silva Soares, Ana Paula Masson, Cristiane Tefé-Silva, Claudia Silva Bitencourt, Sérgio Costa Oliveira, Vanderlei Rodrigues, Simone Gusmão Ramos, Célio Lopes Silva and Lúcia Helena Faccioli
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:263
  13. Neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to infiltrate the lung after infection, and they play a significant protective role in the elimination of pathogen, by releasing preformed oxidants and proteolytic enzymes...

    Authors: María Mercedes Romero, Juan Ignacio Basile, Beatriz López, Viviana Ritacco, Lucía Barrera, María del Carmen Sasiain and Mercedes Alemán
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:262
  14. Toxocariasis, which is predominantly caused by Toxocara canis (T. canis) infection, is a common zoonotic parasitosis worldwide; however, the status of toxocariasis endemicity in the Republic of the Marshall Islan...

    Authors: Chung-Jung Fu, Ting-Wu Chuang, Huei-Shan Lin, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Yung-Ching Liu, Mailynn K Langinlur, Min-Yun Lu, Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao and Chia-Kwung Fan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:261
  15. Shigellae have become increasingly resistant to the extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) worldwide and pose a great challenge to anti-infection treatment options. The purpose of this study was to determine the ...

    Authors: Chuan-Ling Zhang, Qing-Zhong Liu, Juan Wang, Xu Chu, Li-Meng Shen and Yuan-Yu Guo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:260
  16. Renal transplant recipients are at high risk of developing multiple infections, often concomitantly because of their immunocompromised status. Post renal transplant infections are often elusive and require ext...

    Authors: Manish Rathi, Srikant Gundlapalli, Raja Ramachandran, Sandeep Mohindra, Harsimran Kaur, Vivek Kumar, Harbir Singh Kohli, Krishan Lal Gupta and Vinay Sakhuja
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:259
  17. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the tuberculin skin test (TST) and in vitro interferon-gamma released assays (IGRAs) with risk factors for the spread of infection in smear positive pulm...

    Authors: Maria Luiza de Souza-Galvão, Irene Latorre, Neus Altet-Gómez, María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes, Celia Milà, Jordi Solsona, Maria Asunción Seminario, Adela Cantos, Juan Ruiz-Manzano and José Domínguez
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:258
  18. Genetic factors are involved in susceptibility or protection to tuberculosis (TB). Apart from gene polymorphisms and mutations, changes in levels of gene expression, induced by non-genetic factors, may also de...

    Authors: Adane Mihret, Andre G Loxton, Yonas Bekele, Stefan HE Kaufmann, Martin Kidd, Mariëlle C Haks, Tom HM Ottenhoff, Abraham Aseffa, Rawleigh Howe and Gerhard Walzl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:257
  19. Women living with HIV (WLWH) are at increased risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). International HIV guidelines suggest cervical screening twice the first year after HIV diagnosis and thereafter annually. A...

    Authors: Kristina Thorsteinsson, Steen Ladelund, Søren Jensen-Fangel, Terese L Katzenstein, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Gitte Pedersen, Jette Junge, Marie Helleberg, Merete Storgaard and Anne-Mette Lebech
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:256
  20. In the Pacific islands countries and territories, very little is known about the incidence of infectious diseases due to zoonotic pathogens. To our knowledge, human infections due to Rickettsia spp., Coxiella bur...

    Authors: Didier Musso, Julien Broult, Philippe Parola, Didier Raoult and Pierre-Edouard Fournier
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:255
  21. In hospitals, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) surveillance relies on unvalidated guidelines or threshold criteria to identify outbreaks. This can result in false-positive and -negative cluster alarms. The a...

    Authors: Meredith C Faires, David L Pearl, William A Ciccotelli, Olaf Berke, Richard J Reid-Smith and J Scott Weese
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:254
  22. Activin A and its binding protein follistatin (FS) are increased in inflammatory disorders and sepsis. Overexpression of activin A in the lung causes similar histopathological changes as acute respiratory dist...

    Authors: Rita Linko, Mark P Hedger, Ville Pettilä, Esko Ruokonen, Tero Ala-Kokko, Helen Ludlow and David M de Kretser
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:253
  23. Concern for MRSA in patients presented to the hospital with pneumonia may be overestimated leading to excessive prescribing of empiric anti-MRSA therapy. This study aims to identify at-risk patients and treatm...

    Authors: Emi Minejima, Mimi Lou, Paul Nieberg and Annie Wong-Beringer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:252
  24. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease typically caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16. The incidence of HFMD appears to be increasing across the Asia Pacific region, wi...

    Authors: Xin-guang Yin, Hui-xing Yi, Jin Shu, Xing-ju Wang, Xiao-jun Wu and Ling-hua Yu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:251
  25. Lachancea fermentati is an environmental yeast that is also used in the fermentation of alcoholic drinks. It has not previously been described as a human pathogen although the closely related yeast, Saccharomyce...

    Authors: Anne-Marie Leuck, Meghan K Rothenberger and Jaime S Green
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:250
  26. The interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by immune and non-immune cells. It can be induced during bacterial and viral infections, but its production was never investigated in protozoan...

    Authors: Hélio Galdino Jr, Anetícia Eduarda Maldaner, Lívia Lara Pessoni, Frederico M Soriani, Ledice Inácia de Araújo Pereira, Sebastião Alves Pinto, Fernanda Bugalho Duarte, Clayson Moura Gomes, Anna Karoline Aguiar Fleuri, Miriam Leandro Dorta, Milton Adriano Pelli de Oliveira, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Aline Carvalho Batista, Leo A B Joosten, Leda Quercia Vieira and Fátima Ribeiro-Dias
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:249
  27. West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has caused ongoing seasonal epidemics in the United States since 1999. It is estimated that ≤1% of WNV-infected patients will develop neuroinvasive dis...

    Authors: John Hart Jr, Gail Tillman, Michael A Kraut, Hsueh-Sheng Chiang, Jeremy F Strain, Yufeng Li, Amy G Agrawal, Penny Jester, John W Gnann Jr and Richard J Whitley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:248
  28. Although it has received a degree of notoriety as a cause for antibiotic-associated enterocolitis (AAE), the role of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the pathogenesis of this disease remains ...

    Authors: Kentaro Iwata, Asako Doi, Takahiko Fukuchi, Goh Ohji, Yuko Shirota, Tetsuya Sakai and Hiroki Kagawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:247
  29. West Nile Virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that continues to spread and cause disease throughout several parts of the world, including Europe and the Americas. Specific diagnosis of W...

    Authors: Stefan Chabierski, Luisa Barzon, Anna Papa, Matthias Niedrig, Jonathan L Bramson, Justin M Richner, Giorgio Palù, Michael S Diamond and Sebastian Ulbert
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:246
  30. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important pathogen of viral pneumonia in children. The diagnosis of acute HCMV infection is complicated and difficult.

    Authors: Zhidai Liu, Penghui Zhang, Shi Tang, Xiaoyan He, Rong Zhang, Xinbin Wang, Zhaojian Yuan, Junjie Tan, Bin Peng, Enmei Liu, Zhou Fu and Lin Zou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:245
  31. A novel influenza A virus infection was identified on March 31, 2013 in China and a total of 134 cases were identified in 12 provinces of China between March 25 and September 31, 2013. Of these, 46 cases occur...

    Authors: Zhenyu Gong, Huakun Lv, Hua Ding, Jiankang Han, Jimin Sun, Chengliang Chai, Jian Cai, Zhao Yu and Enfu Chen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:244
  32. The VP1 protein of enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an important immunodominant protein which is responsible for host-receptor binding. Nevertheless, the relationship between VP1 and neurovirulence is still poorly und...

    Authors: Bao Zhang, Xianbo Wu, Keyong Huang, Ling Li, Li Zheng, Chengsong Wan, Ming-Liang He and Wei Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:243
  33. Penicillium marneffei is the only dimorphic member of the genus and is an emerging pathogenic fungus that can cause fatal systemic mycosis. Penicillium marneffei disseminates hematogenously to other locations. P...

    Authors: Ye Qiu, Jianquan Zhang, Guangnan Liu, Xiaoning Zhong, Jingmin Deng, Zhiyi He and Bai Jing
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:242
  34. Yeasts, mostly Candida, are important causes of bloodstream infections (BSI), responsible for significant mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. The epidemiology and species distribution vary from d...

    Authors: Zhi-Tao Yang, Lin Wu, Xiao-Ying Liu, Min Zhou, Jie Li, Jia-Yin Wu, Yong Cai, En-Qiang Mao, Er-Zhen Chen and Olivier Lortholary
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:241
  35. The hippocampus undergoes apoptosis in experimental pneumococcal meningitis leading to neurofunctional deficits in learning and memory function. The aim of the present study was 1) to investigate hippocampal a...

    Authors: Jon G Holler, Christian T Brandt, Stephen L Leib, Ian J Rowland and Christian Østergaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:240
  36. Norovirus infection is increasingly recognized as an important cause of persistent gastroenteritis in immunocompromised hosts and can be a potential cause of morbidity in these populations.

    Authors: Anne-Marie Ronchetti, Benoit Henry, Katia Ambert-Balay, Pierre Pothier, Justine Decroocq, Véronique Leblond and Damien Roos-Weil
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:239
  37. Bacterial infection is a well-known risk of breast implant surgery. It is typically caused by bacterial skin flora, specifically Staphylococcus aureus and the coagulase negative staphylococci. There have been inf...

    Authors: David Atallah, Nadine El Kassis, George Araj, Marwan Nasr, Roy Nasnas, Nicolas Veziris and Dolla Sarkis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:238
  38. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of K101Q, Y181C and H221Y emerging in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase with different mutations patterns in phenotypic susceptibility to currently available NNRTIs ...

    Authors: Wei Guo, Hanping Li, Daomin Zhuang, Liyan Jiao, Siyang Liu, Lin Li, Yongjian Liu, Tao Gui, Lei Jia and Jingyun Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:237
  39. Reports of increased morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases among HIV Exposed Uninfected (HEU) infants have raised concern about a possible underlying immunodeficiency among them. The objective of th...

    Authors: Fatima Kakkar, Valerie Lamarre, Thierry Ducruet, Marc Boucher, Silvie Valois, Hugo Soudeyns and Normand Lapointe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:236
  40. Recommended therapy duration for patients hospitalized with cellulitis is 10–14 days. Unnecessary use of antibiotics is one of the key factors driving resistance. Recent studies have shown that antibiotic ther...

    Authors: Duncan R Cranendonk, Brent C Opmeer, Jan M Prins and W Joost Wiersinga
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:235
  41. Tularemia is a rare zoonotic disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Serology is frequently the preferred diagnostic approach, because the pathogen is highly infectious and difficult...

    Authors: Valérie Chaignat, Marina Djordjevic-Spasic, Anke Ruettger, Peter Otto, Diana Klimpel, Wolfgang Müller, Konrad Sachse, George Araj, Roland Diller and Herbert Tomaso
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:234
  42. For the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) automated BACTEC™ blood culture bottle methods have comparable sensitivity, specificity and a shorter time to positivity than traditional cooked meat enric...

    Authors: Angela M Minassian, Robert Newnham, Elizabeth Kalimeris, Philip Bejon, Bridget L Atkins and Ian CJW Bowler
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:233
  43. Influenza and Influenza-like-illness (ILI) represents a substantial public health problem, but it is difficult to measure the overall burden as many cases do not access health care. Community cohorts have the ...

    Authors: Alma J Adler, Ken TD Eames, Sebastian Funk and W John Edmunds
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:232
  44. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are common in outpatient practice, and the severity of symptoms contributes to the overall burden of illness. We examined the association between a subjective symptom severi...

    Authors: Jeffrey J VanWormer, Maria E Sundaram, Jennifer K Meece and Edward A Belongia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:231
  45. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most frequent clinical problems in ICU with an elevated morbidity and costs associated with it, in addition to prolonged MV, ICU-length of stay (LOS) and hos...

    Authors: Bárbara Borgatta and Jordi Rello
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:211
  46. Embolic events are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with infective endocarditis. We analyzed the database of the prospective cohort study SEI in order to identify factors associated with th...

    Authors: Marco Rizzi, Veronica Ravasio, Alessandra Carobbio, Irene Mattucci, Massimo Crapis, Roberto Stellini, Maria Bruna Pasticci, Pierangelo Chinello, Marco Falcone, Paolo Grossi, Francesco Barbaro, Angelo Pan, Pierluigi Viale and Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:230
  47. Opportunistic infections and malignancies such as malignant lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma are significant complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, following the introduction of ant...

    Authors: Harutaka Katano, Tsunekazu Hishima, Makoto Mochizuki, Yoshinori Kodama, Naoki Oyaizu, Yasunori Ota, Sohtaro Mine, Toru Igari, Atsushi Ajisawa, Katsuji Teruya, Junko Tanuma, Yoshimi Kikuchi, Tomoko Uehira, Takuma Shirasaka, Tomohiko Koibuchi, Aikichi Iwamoto…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:229
  48. There exists considerable debate concerning management of prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI), especially in terms of antimicrobial treatment. This report studies factors associated with treatment failu...

    Authors: Laurence Legout, Piervito Delia, Béatrice Sarraz-Bournet, Cécile Rouyer, Massongo Massongo, Michel Valette, Olivier Leroy, Stephan Haulon and Eric Senneville
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:228
  49. Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) may lead to disabling neurologic complications. Little evidence exists on optimal antibiotic management.

    Authors: Baharak Babouee Flury, Luigia Elzi, Marko Kolbe, Reno Frei, Maja Weisser, Stefan Schären, Andreas F Widmer and Manuel Battegay
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:226

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