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  1. Airborne transmission of respiratory infectious disease in indoor environment (e.g. airplane cabin, conference room, hospital, isolated room and inpatient ward) may cause outbreaks of infectious diseases, whic...

    Authors: Zhuyang Han, Gin Nam Sze To, Sau Chung Fu, Christopher Yu-Hang Chao, Wenguo Weng and Quanyi Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:434
  2. The Hungarian national guidelines for the treatment of gonorrhoea were published in 2002 but are now widely considered to be outdated. Improved knowledge is needed with respect to the epidemiology and antimicr...

    Authors: Alexandra Brunner, Eva Nemes-Nikodem, Noemi Mihalik, Marta Marschalko, Sarolta Karpati and Eszter Ostorhazi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:433
  3. Almost all diarrhea deaths in young children occur in developing countries. Immunization against rotavirus, the leading cause of childhood severe dehydrating acute diarrhea may reduce the burden of severe diar...

    Authors: Christabel C Enweronu-Laryea, Isaac Boamah, Eric Sifah, Stanley K Diamenu and George Armah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:431
  4. Vaccines are the most effective agents to control infections. However, recombinant vaccines often do not elicit strong immune responses. Protein antigens combined with proper adjuvants have been widely used to...

    Authors: Xiaojing Sun, Mei Mei, Xu Zhang, Fusong Han, Boyin Jia, Xiaoyan Wei, Zhiguang Chang, Huijun Lu, Jigang Yin, Qijun Chen and Ning Jiang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:429
  5. Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) has been recognized as a lethal pathogen in neonates worldwide. S. agalactiae infections also severely affect pregnant women and immunosuppressed adults wi...

    Authors: Maria del Pilar Crespo-Ortiz, Claudia Rocio Castañeda-Ramirez, Monica Recalde-Bolaños and Juan Diego Vélez-Londoño
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:428
  6. Both high and low pathogenic subtype A avian influenza remain ongoing threats to the commercial poultry industry globally. The emergence of a novel low pathogenic H7N9 lineage in China presents itself as a new...

    Authors: Amy Pinsent, Isobel M Blake, Michael T White and Steven Riley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:427
  7. While the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) is high among children in the Western Cape of South Africa, the psychosocial implications of treatment for children with MDR-TB remain poorly...

    Authors: Caroline Franck, James A Seddon, Anneke C Hesseling, H Simon Schaaf, Donald Skinner and Lucy Reynolds
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:426
  8. The effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccines may be reduced in older versus younger adults because of age-related immunosenescence. The use of an adjuvant in such a vaccine is one strategy that may combat...

    Authors: Robert B Couch, José M Bayas, Covadonga Caso, Innocent Nnadi Mbawuike, Concepción Núñez López, Carine Claeys, Mohamed El Idrissi, Caroline Hervé, Béatrice Laupèze, Lidia Oostvogels and Philippe Moris
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:425
  9. Human bocavirus is a newly discovered parvovirus. Multiple studies have confirmed the presence of human bocavirus1 (HBoV1) in respiratory tract samples of children. The viral load, presentation of single detec...

    Authors: Lili Zhou, Shouyan Zheng, Qiuyan Xiao, Luo Ren, Xiaohong Xie, Jian Luo, Lijia Wang, Ailong Huang, Wei Liu and Enmei Liu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:424
  10. In West and Central Africa Buruli ulcer (BU) and HIV co-infection is increasingly recognised and management of these two diseases combined is an emerging challenge for which there is little published informati...

    Authors: Franck Wanda, Patrick Nkemenang, Genevieve Ehounou, Marie Tchaton, Eric Comte, Laurence Toutous Trellu, Isabelle Masouyé, Vanessa Christinet and Daniel P O’Brien
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:423
  11. Visceral Leishmaniasis is endemic to Brazil, where it is caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi). Following parasite inoculation, individuals may experience asymptomatic infection, raising the pos...

    Authors: Kiyoshi F Fukutani, Virgínia Figueiredo, Fabiana S Celes, Juqueline R Cristal, Aldina Barral, Manoel Barral-Netto and Camila I de Oliveira
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:422
  12. Cholera has been endemic in Douala since 1971. Most outbreaks start from Bepanda, an overcrowded neighbourhood with poor hygiene and sanitary conditions. We investigated water sources in Bepanda as reservoirs of

    Authors: Jane-Francis Tatah Kihla Akoachere and Christelle Kwedjeu Pulcherie Mbuntcha
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:421
  13. Abdominal infections are frequent causes of sepsis and septic shock in the intensive care unit (ICU) and are associated with adverse outcomes. We analyzed the characteristics, treatments and outcome of ICU pat...

    Authors: Jan De Waele, Jeffrey Lipman, Yasser Sakr, John C Marshall, Philippe Vanhems, Casiano Barrera Groba, Marc Leone and Jean-Louis Vincent
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:420
  14. Over the past 20 years, Hepatitis A notifications in Italy have been in decline. Since the beginning of 2013 however, Italy has been experiencing a foodborne hepatitis A outbreak caused by genotype IA, involvi...

    Authors: Giuseppina La Rosa, Simonetta Della Libera, Marcello Iaconelli, Anna Rita Ciccaglione, Roberto Bruni, Stefania Taffon, Michele Equestre, Valeria Alfonsi, Caterina Rizzo, Maria Elena Tosti, Maria Chironna, Luisa Romanò, Alessandro Remo Zanetti and Michele Muscillo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:419
  15. Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissues that is caused by gas-producing bacterial pathogens. Percutaneous drainage is now the gold sta...

    Authors: Yu-Chuan Lu, Bing-Juin Chiang, Yuan-Hung Pong, Kuo-How Huang, Po-Ren Hsueh, Chao-Yuan Huang and Yeong-Shiau Pu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:418
  16. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a great disease burden across the whole world, particularly in Southeast Asia. However, in recent decades, the pathogenesis of severe EV71 infection was not well understood. This study...

    Authors: Hao-Yuan Cheng, Yi-Chuan Huang, Ting-Yu Yen, Shao-Hsuan Hsia, Yu-Chia Hsieh, Chung-Chen Li, Luan-Yin Chang and Li-Min Huang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:417
  17. Although there have been a number of studies on the pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) recently, knowledge on this topic is still insufficient. This study aims to reveal the kinetics of ser...

    Authors: Safak Kaya, Nazif Elaldi, Ayhan Kubar, Nevcihan Gursoy, Meral Yilmaz, Gulderen Karakus, Turabi Gunes, Zubeyde Polat, Mustafa Gokhan Gozel, Aynur Engin, Ilyas Dokmetas, Mehmet Bakir, Neziha Yilmaz and Mehmet Sencan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:416
  18. Over the last decade tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality in Brazil have been steadily declining. However, this downward trend has not been observed among HIV-infected patients. We describe the epidemiolo...

    Authors: Thiago Nascimento do Prado, Angélica Espinosa Miranda, Fernanda Mattos de Souza, Elias dos Santos Dias, Lorena Kellen Fernandes Sousa, Denise Arakaki-Sanchez, Mauro N Sanchez, Jonathan E Golub and Ethel Leonor Maciel
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:415
  19. The rate of decline of antibody titers to influenza following infection can affect results of serological surveys, and may explain re-infection and recurrent epidemics by the same strain.

    Authors: Jung Pu Hsu, Xiahong Zhao, Mark I-Cheng Chen, Alex R Cook, Vernon Lee, Wei Yen Lim, Linda Tan, Ian G Barr, Lili Jiang, Chyi Lin Tan, Meng Chee Phoon, Lin Cui, Raymond Lin, Yee Sin Leo and Vincent T Chow
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:414
  20. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assays are becoming increasingly attractive for use in mass screening, as they offer a possibility to integrate HPV screening with HPV vaccine monitoring, thereby generati...

    Authors: Jesper Bonde, Matejka Rebolj, Ditte Møller Ejegod, Sarah Preisler, Elsebeth Lynge and Carsten Rygaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:413
  21. Increases in human population size, dengue vector-density and human mobility cause rapid spread of dengue virus in Indonesia. We investigated the changes in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indones...

    Authors: Mulya Rahma Karyanti, Cuno S P M Uiterwaal, Rita Kusriastuti, Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Maroeska M Rovers, Hans Heesterbeek, Arno W Hoes and Patricia Bruijning-Verhagen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:412
  22. Malaria and helminth infections are thought to negatively affect children’s nutritional status and to impair their physical and cognitive development. Yet, the current evidence-base is weak. The purpose of thi...

    Authors: Eveline Hürlimann, Clarisse A Houngbedji, Prisca B N’Dri, Dominique Bänninger, Jean T Coulibaly, Peiling Yap, Kigbafori D Silué, Eliézer K N’Goran, Giovanna Raso and Jürg Utzinger
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:411
  23. Information about the feasibility, barriers and facilitators of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) has been scant. Exploring the prevailing perceptions and attitudes of...

    Authors: Ching Jou Lim, Megan Kwong, Rhonda L Stuart, Kirsty L Buising, N Deborah Friedman, Noleen Bennett, Allen C Cheng, Anton Y Peleg, Caroline Marshall and David CM Kong
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:410
  24. Nosocomial transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a problem in resource-limited settings. However, the degree of TB exposure and the intermediate- and long-term morbidity and mortality of hospital-ass...

    Authors: Nicola M Zetola, Nenad Macesic, Chawangwa Modongo, Sanghuk Shin, Ronald Ncube and Ronald G Collman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:409

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2015 15:211

  25. Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in Bhutan, the first low/middle-income country to implement a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme.

    Authors: Ugyen Tshomo, Silvia Franceschi, Dorji Dorji, Iacopo Baussano, Vanessa Tenet, Peter JF Snijders, Chris JLM Meijer, Maaike CG Bleeker, Tarik Gheit, Massimo Tommasino and Gary M Clifford
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:408
  26. One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data fr...

    Authors: Dineke Frentz, David AMC Van de Vijver, Ana B Abecasis, Jan Albert, Osamah Hamouda, Louise B Jørgensen, Claudia Kücherer, Daniel Struck, Jean-Claude Schmit, Jurgen Vercauteren, Birgitta Ã…sjö, Claudia Balotta, Danail Beshkov, Ricardo J Camacho, Bonaventura Clotet, Suzie Coughlan…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:407
  27. Nosocomial candidaemia is associated with high mortality rates in critically ill paediatric patients; thus, the early detection and identification of the infectious agent is crucial for successful medical inte...

    Authors: Cleison Ledesma Taira, Thelma Suely Okay, Artur Figueiredo Delgado, Maria Esther Jurfest Rivero Ceccon, Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida and Gilda Maria Barbaro Del Negro
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:406
  28. Transient elastography (TE) is widely used for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. TE, however, cannot determine liver morphology. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI)...

    Authors: Nora Frulio, Hervé Trillaud, Paul Perez, Julien Asselineau, Marianne Vandenhende, Mojgan Hessamfar, Fabrice Bonnet, Florent Maire, Jean Delaune, Victor De Ledinghen and Philippe Morlat
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:405
  29. Limited information is available regarding the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of enteric fever due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi among travelers retur...

    Authors: Tetsuro Kobayashi, Kayoko Hayakawa, Momoko Mawatari, Kazuhisa Mezaki, Nozomi Takeshita, Satoshi Kutsuna, Yoshihiro Fujiya, Shuzo Kanagawa, Norio Ohmagari, Yasuyuki Kato and Masatomo Morita
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:404
  30. Alcohol use has a detrimental impact on the HIV epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV counseling and testing (HCT) may provide a contact opportunity to intervene with hazardous alcohol use; however, ...

    Authors: Judith A Hahn, Robin Fatch, Rhoda K Wanyenze, Steven Baveewo, Moses R Kamya, David R Bangsberg and Thomas J Coates
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:403
  31. Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful condition that can have a substantial negative impact on patients’ lives. However, UK-specific data on the debilitating impact of HZ, in terms of patients’ experience of pain an...

    Authors: Adam Gater, Linda Abetz-Webb, Stuart Carroll, Azharul Mannan, Mick Serpell and Robert Johnson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:402
  32. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is an infectious disease that involves the lungs and can be lethal in many cases. Tuberculosis (TB) in children represents 5 to 20% of the total TB cases. However, there are few up...

    Authors: Napoleón González Saldaña, Mercedes Macías Parra, Marte Hernández Porras, Pedro Gutiérrez Castrellón, Valeria Gómez Toscano and Hugo Juárez Olguin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:401
  33. Non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NT-Hi) infection is frequently associated with acute otitis media (AOM) treatment failure, recurrence or chronic otitis media. Persistence of otopathogens in a biofilm-structur...

    Authors: Assaf Mizrahi, Robert Cohen, Emmanuelle Varon, Stephane Bonacorsi, Stephane Bechet, Claire Poyart, Corinne Levy and Josette Raymond
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:400
  34. According to the World Health Organization’s recent report, in Malaysia, tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rate for new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients is still below the global success ...

    Authors: Muhammad Atif, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Asrul Akmal Shafie, Irfhan Ali, Muhammad Asif and Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:399
  35. Despite a substantial reduction in virological failures following introduction of new potent antiretroviral therapies in the latest years, drug resistance remains a limitation for the control of HIV-1 infectio...

    Authors: Marco Franzetti, Michela Violin, Andrea Antinori, Andrea De Luca, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Nicola Gianotti, Carlo Torti, Stefano Bonora, Maurizio Zazzi and Claudia Balotta
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:398
  36. Dengue viral infections are prevalent in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Clinical manifestations range from a self-limited fever to a poten...

    Authors: Babs Soller, Anon Srikiatkachorn, Fengmei Zou, Alan L Rothman, In-Kyu Yoon, Robert V Gibbons, Siripen Kalayanarooj, Stephen J Thomas and Sharone Green
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:396
  37. The design of new healthcare schemes which involve using molecular HPV screening means that both persistence and clearance data regarding the most prevalent types of HR-HPV occurring in cities in Colombia must...

    Authors: Sara C Soto-De León, Luisa Del Río-Ospina, Milena Camargo, Ricardo Sánchez, Darwin A Moreno-Pérez, Antonio Pérez-Prados, Manuel E Patarroyo and Manuel A Patarroyo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:395
  38. To control the presence of Legionella in an old hospital water system, an integrated strategy of water disinfection-filtration was implemented in the university hospital Umberto I in Rome.

    Authors: Giovanni Battista Orsi, Matteo Vitali, Lucia Marinelli, Veronica Ciorba, Daniela Tufi, Angela Del Cimmuto, Paolo Ursillo, Massimo Fabiani, Susi De Santis, Carmela Protano, Carolina Marzuillo and Maria De Giusti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:394
  39. Although endemic cholera causes significant morbidity and mortality each year in Nepal, lack of information about the causal bacterium often hinders cholera intervention and prevention. In 2012, diarrheal outb...

    Authors: Sameer M Dixit, Fatema-Tuz Johura, Sulochana Manandhar, Abdus Sadique, Rajesh M Rajbhandari, Shahnewaj B Mannan, Mahamud-ur Rashid, Saiful Islam, Dibesh Karmacharya, Haruo Watanabe, R Bradley Sack, Alejandro Cravioto and Munirul Alam
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:392
  40. The live attenuated 17DD Yellow Fever vaccine is one of the most successful prophylactic interventions for controlling disease expansion ever designed and utilized in larger scale. However, increase on worldwi...

    Authors: Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo, Paula de Almeida Estevam, Jordana Grazziela Coelho-dos-Reis, Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães, Gabriela Villela-Rezende, Patrícia Flávia Quaresma, Maria de Lourdes Sousa Maia, Roberto Henrique Guedes Farias, Luiz Antonio Bastos Camacho, Marcos da Silva Freire, Ricardo Galler, Anna Maya Yoshida Yamamura, Luiz Fernando Carvalho Almeida, Sheila Maria Barbosa Lima, Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira, Gloria Regina Silva Sá…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:391
  41. Polymicrobial infections in adults and children are associated with increase in mortality, duration of intensive care and healthcare costs. Very few studies have characterized polymicrobial bloodstream infecti...

    Authors: Mohan Pammi, Danni Zhong, Yvette Johnson, Paula Revell and James Versalovic
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:390
  42. Hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) contained within envelope protein 2 (E2) gene is the most variable part of HCV genome and its translation product is a major target for the host immune response. Variability withi...

    Authors: Kamila Caraballo Cortés, Osvaldo Zagordi, Karol Perlejewski, Tomasz Laskus, Krzysztof Maroszek, Iwona Bukowska-Ośko, Agnieszka Pawełczyk, Rafał Płoski, Hanna Berak, Andrzej Horban and Marek Radkowski
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:389
  43. It is important to understand the specific HPV genotype distribution in screen-detected lesions. HPV Genotype is helpful for separating HPV-positive women at greater risk of cancer from those who can regress s...

    Authors: Lipeng Jing, Xingming Zhong, Weihuang Huang, Yang Liu, Man Wang, Zhulin Miao, Xiaoping Zhang, Jing Zou, Baowen Zheng, Congde Chen, Xiaoman Liang, Guang Yang, Chunxia Jing and Xiangcai Wei
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:388
  44. Integrase inhibitors are a promising class of antiretroviral drugs to treat chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. During HIV infection, macrophages can extravasate from the blood to the brain, ...

    Authors: Erick T Tatro, Benchawanna Soontornniyomkij, Scott L Letendre and Cristian L Achim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:386
  45. Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a life-threatening ICU-acquired infection. A strong correlation between time to antifungal therapy (AFT) administration and outcome has been established. Empirical therapy benefit ...

    Authors: Rémi Bruyère, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Sébastien Prin, Frédéric Dalle, Clara Vigneron, Serge Aho, Cristobal Leon and Pierre-Emmanuel Charles
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:385
  46. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by hantaviruses is a serious public health problem in China. The National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS) was established online by China CDC ...

    Authors: Shuo Zhang, Shiwen Wang, Wenwu Yin, Mifang Liang, Jiandong Li, Quanfu Zhang, Zijian Feng and Dexin Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:384
  47. Interferon-gamma release assays have emerged as a more specific alternative to the tuberculin skin test (TST) for detection of tuberculosis (TB) infection, especially in Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinate...

    Authors: Lilly M Verhagen, Mailis Maes, Julian A Villalba, Adriana d’Alessandro, Lazaro Perez Rodriguez, Mercedes F España, Peter WM Hermans and Jacobus H de Waard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:383

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