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  1. The genital skin of males hosts a diversity of HPV genotypes and uncharacterized HPV genotypes. Previously we demonstrated that a specific viral genotype was not identified in 14% of all genital specimens (i.e...

    Authors: Laura Sichero, Christine M Pierce Campbell, William Fulp, Silvaneide Ferreira, João S Sobrinho, Maria Luiza Baggio, Lenice Galan, Roberto C Silva, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Anna R Giuliano and Luisa L Villa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:677
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. There is a paucity of data pertaining to the epidemiology and public health impact of Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis infections. We aimed to determine the extent of enterobiasis, strongyloi...

    Authors: Nahya Salim, Tobias Schindler, Ummi Abdul, Julian Rothen, Blaise Genton, Omar Lweno, Alisa S Mohammed, John Masimba, Denis Kwaba, Salim Abdulla, Marcel Tanner, Claudia Daubenberger and Stefanie Knopp
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:644
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication in herpes zoster (HZ) patients.

    Authors: Hélène Bricout, Emilia Perinetti, Paolo Marchettini, Pietro Ragni, Carla Maria Zotti, Giovanni Gabutti, Antonio Volpi and Elisabetta Franco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:637
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Mathematical or statistical tools are capable to provide a valid help to improve surveillance systems for healthcare and non-healthcare-associated bacterial infections. The aim of this work is to evaluate the tim...

    Authors: Antonio Ballarin, Brunella Posteraro, Giuseppe Demartis, Simona Gervasi, Fabrizio Panzarella, Riccardo Torelli, Francesco Paroni Sterbini, Grazia Morandotti, Patrizia Posteraro, Walter Ricciardi, Kristian A Gervasi Vidal and Maurizio Sanguinetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:634
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Dengue infection can result in severe clinical manifestations requiring intensive care. Effective triage is critical for early clinical management to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, there is limited k...

    Authors: Junxiong Pang, Tun-Linn Thein, Yee-Sin Leo and David C Lye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:649
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. We sought to determine if nasopharyngeal (NP) cultures taken at times of healthy visits or at onset of acute otitis media (AOM) could predict the otopathogen mix and antibiotic-susceptibility of middle ear iso...

    Authors: Ravinder Kaur, Katerina Czup, Janet R Casey and Michael E Pichichero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:640
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Basic trainees in the US military have historically been vulnerable to respiratory infections. Adenovirus and influenza are the most common etiological agents responsible for febrile respiratory illness (FRI) ...

    Authors: Damaris S Padin, Dennis Faix, Stephanie Brodine, Hector Lemus, Anthony Hawksworth, Shannon Putnam and Patrick Blair
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:576
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Most patients who experience virologic failure (VF) on second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-middle income countries fail due to poor adherence rather than antiretroviral resistance. A simple adheren...

    Authors: Richard Court, Rory Leisegang, Annemie Stewart, Henry Sunpath, Richard Murphy, Philip Winternheimer, Mashuda Ally and Gary Maartens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:664
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The conjugate vaccine against serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (NmA), MenAfriVac, is currently being introduced throughout the African meningitis belt. In repeated multicentre cross-sectional studies in Burkina...

    Authors: Paul A Kristiansen, Absatou Ky Ba, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Idrissa Sanou, Rasmata Ouédraogo, Lassana Sangaré, Fabien Diomandé, Denis Kandolo, Inger Marie Saga, Lara Misegades, Thomas A Clark, Marie-Pierre Préziosi and Dominique A Caugant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:663
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized as an important community acquired pathogen causing disease (CA-CDI). Vitamin D [25(OH)D] has immune modulatory effects and plays an important rol...

    Authors: Tanya Sahay and Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:661
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase HIV infectivity through local inflammatory processes. Prevalent and incident STIs among people who live with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are indicators of high-risk sexual ...

    Authors: Qing-hai Hu, Jun-jie Xu, Hua-chun Zou, Jing Liu, Jing Zhang, Hai-bo Ding, Han-Zhu Qian, Si-ruo Li, Yu Liu, Yong-jun Jiang, Hong Shang and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:658
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) strip test has been suggested as a new point-of-care test for active tuberculosis (TB) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. It has been questioned if...

    Authors: Tavs Qvist, Isik S Johansen, Tania Pressler, Niels Høiby, Aase B Andersen, Terese L Katzenstein and Stephanie Bjerrum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:655
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Healthcare providers (HCPs) play a critical role in controlling the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI) through early and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment and prevention counselling. This ...

    Authors: Pham Thi Lan, Ho Dang Phuc, Nguyen Quynh Hoa, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:646
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Infants who are exclusively breastfed receive natural protection against some infectious agents. This study examined whether there was protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the occurrence of hand, fo...

    Authors: Hualiang Lin, Limei Sun, Jinyan Lin, Jianfeng He, Aiping Deng, Min Kang, Hanri Zeng, Wenjun Ma and Yonghui Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:645
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Since 2000, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and WHO have supported the introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) in the immunization programs of developing countries. Th...

    Authors: Fatim Ba, Abdoulaye Seck, Mamadou Bâ, Aliou Thiongane, Moussa Fafa Cissé, Khady Seck, Madeleine Ndour, Pascal Boisier and Benoit Garin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:627
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Little is known about the parasite/host factors that lead to Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after drug-cure. Studies in Sudan provide evidence for assoc...

    Authors: Mohamed A M Salih, Michaela Fakiola, Mohamed H Abdelraheem, Brima M Younis, Ahmed M Musa, Ahmed M ElHassan, Jenefer M Blackwell, Muntaser E Ibrahim and Hiba S Mohamed
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:662
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. There is an urgent need for improved vaccines to protect against tuberculosis. The currently available vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has varying immunogenicity and efficacy across different populations...

    Authors: Rachel Tanner, Kristina Kakalacheva, Ellen Miller, Ansar A Pathan, Rod Chalk, Clare R Sander, Tom Scriba, Michelle Tameris, Tony Hawkridge, Hassan Mahomed, Greg Hussey, Willem Hanekom, Anna Checkley, Helen McShane and Helen A Fletcher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:660
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. In order to investigate the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from community-onset infections in Chinese county...

    Authors: Jing Zhang, Beiwen Zheng, Lina Zhao, Zeqing Wei, Jinru Ji, Lanjuan Li and Yonghong Xiao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:659
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Rising rates of infectious diseases in international migrants has reignited the debate around screening. There have been calls to strengthen primary-care-based programmes, focusing on latent TB. We did a cross...

    Authors: Sally Hargreaves, Farah Seedat, Josip Car, Rod Escombe, Samia Hasan, Joseph Eliahoo and Jon S Friedland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:657
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube® (QFT-GIT) test is used for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Besides, QFT-GIT test could allow tracking changes in immune response among TB patients and their co...

    Authors: Mulugeta Belay, Mengistu Legesse, Daniel Dagne, Adane Mihret, Yonas Bekele, Girmay Medhin, Gunnar Bjune and Fekadu Abebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:654
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Majority of individuals with history of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exhibit strong immunity to re-infection, however, the mechanism of resistance is poorly understood. It is unclear whether CD8+ T cells contribut...

    Authors: Himanshu Kaushal, Rachel Bras-Gonçalves, Narender Singh Negi, Jean-Loup Lemesre, Gérard Papierok and Poonam Salotra
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:653
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Listeria monocytogenes causes gastroenteritis, meningitis and bacteraemia in immunocompromised, pregnant patients, the elderly as well in immunocompetent patients. Focal infections with this organism are uncommo...

    Authors: Ruchir Chavada, Caitlin Keighley, Syed Quadri, Ray Asghari, Ann Hofmeyr and Hong Foo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:641
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  23. Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the original template for HBV replication. The persistence of cccDNA is responsible for the recurrence of HBV infection. The dete...

    Authors: Yanwei Zhong, Shuangye Hu, Chen Xu, Yulai Zhao, Dongping Xu, Yanqing Zhao, Jingmin Zhao, Zhibin Li, Xiuchang Zhang, Hongfei Zhang and Jin Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:608
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The innate immune system recognizes pathogens via its pattern recognition receptors. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins, a f...

    Authors: Xinjie Liu, Qizheng Han and Junhong Leng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:648
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Recreational drug use (RDU) may result in sexual disinhibition and higher risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. We assessed whether RDU w...

    Authors: Jun-Jie Xu, Chen Zhang, Qing-Hai Hu, Zhen-Xing Chu, Jing Zhang, Yong-Ze Li, Lin Lu, Zhe Wang, Ji-Hua Fu, Xi Chen, Hong-Jing Yan, Ming-Hua Zhuang, Yong-Jun Jiang, Wen-Qing Geng, Sten H Vermund, Hong Shang…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:642
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. While cultivation of pathogens represents a foundational diagnostic approach in the study of infectious diseases, its value for the confirmation of clinical diagnosis of Buruli ulcer is limited by the fact tha...

    Authors: Martin W Bratschi, Miriam Bolz, Leticia Grize, Sarah Kerber, Jacques C Minyem, Alphonse Um Boock, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Marie-Thérèse Ruf and Gerd Pluschke
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:636
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Patients in pediatric intensive care Units (PICU) are susceptible to infections with antibiotic resistant organisms which increase the morbidity, mortality and cost of care.

    Authors: Naveed-ur-Rehman Siddiqui, Farah Naz Qamar, Humaira Jurair and Anwarul Haque
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:626
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are frequent in ICU and is a prognostic factor of severe sepsis. Community acquired BSIs usually due to susceptible bacteria should be clearly differentiated from healthcare assoc...

    Authors: Jean-François Timsit, Jean-François Soubirou, Guillaume Voiriot, Sarah Chemam, Mathilde Neuville, Bruno Mourvillier, Romain Sonneville, Eric Mariotte, Lila Bouadma and Michel Wolff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:489
    Content type: Review Published on:

  32. Patients with severe viral infections are often hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) and recent studies underline the frequency of viral detection in ICU patients. Viral infections in the ICU often invo...

    Authors: Theodoros Kelesidis, Ioannis Mastoris, Aliki Metsini and Sotirios Tsiodras
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:321
    Content type: Review Published on:

  33. High mortality and morbidity rates associated with severe infections in the critically ill continue to be a significant issue for the healthcare system. In view of the diverse and unique pharmacokinetic profil...

    Authors: Gloria Wong, Fekade Bruck Sime, Jeffrey Lipman and Jason A Roberts
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:288
    Content type: Review Published on:

  34. The management of infections in surgical intensive care unit patients poses specific challenges. Although the overall approach to the patient is no different from other patients, diagnosis is often problematic...

    Authors: Jan De Waele and Liesbet De Bus
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:193
    Content type: Review Published on:

  35. The increasing occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria arises at a time when there is a lack of antibiotics active against these pathogens and few new antimicrobials are in the pipelines of the pharma...

    Authors: José Garnacho-Montero, Yael Corcia-Palomo, Rosario Amaya-Villar and Luis Martin-Villen
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:135
    Content type: Review Published on:

  36. Microaspiration of subglottic secretions through channels formed by folds in high volume-low pressure poly-vinyl chloride cuffs of endotracheal tubes is considered a significant pathogenic mechanism of ventila...

    Authors: Stijn I Blot, Jan Poelaert and Marin Kollef
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:119
    Content type: Review Published on:

  37. Gram-positive bacteria to include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and enterococci, to include vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), disp...

    Authors: Cristina Vazquez-Guillamet and Marin H Kollef
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:92
    Content type: Review Published on:

  38. Nitroxoline, a hydroxychinoline derivate, has been used for many years to treat urinary tract infections (UTI). Many uncontrolled, but only few controlled clinical studies have been published. Four so far unpu...

    Authors: Kurt G Naber, Hiltrud Niggemann, Gisela Stein and Guenter Stein
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:628
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Evolving gonococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to public health. The aim of this study was to: update antimicrobial susceptibility data of Neisseria gonorrhoeae recently isolated in Nan...

    Authors: Sai Li, Xiao-Hong Su, Wen-Jing Le, Fa-Xing Jiang, Bao-Xi Wang and Peter A Rice
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:622
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Acute febrile illness is common among those seeking medical care and is frequently treated empirically with the underlying illness remaining undiagnosed in resource-poor countries. A febrile illness study was ...

    Authors: Wiriya Rutvisuttinunt, Piyawan Chinnawirotpisan, Chonticha Klungthong, Sanjaya Kumar Shrestha, Amod Bahadur Thapa, Arjun Pant, Samuel L Yingst, In-Kyu Yoon, Stefan Fernandez and Julie A Pavlin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:606
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Leishmania infantum is a flagellated protozoan parasite that is able to parasitize blood and tissue. Leishmania species cause a spectrum of clinical disease with cutaneous, visceral or mucosal involvement. L. in...

    Authors: Amy Crowe, John Slavin, Damien Stark and Craig Aboltins
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:597
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) due to Salmonella is rare. Numerous outbreaks of Salmonella have been reported throughout the United States in the last decade. We reviewed and analyzed cases of Salmonella PJI se...

    Authors: Arjun Gupta, Elie F Berbari, Douglas R Osmon and Abinash Virk
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:633
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Viral central nervous system (CNS) infections are common in countries where malaria is endemic but, due to limited laboratory facilities, few studies have systematically examined the prevalence and clinical co...

    Authors: Moses Laman, Ilomo Hwaiwhanje, Cathy Bona, Jonathan Warrel, Susan Aipit, David Smith, Joanna Noronha, Peter Siba, Ivo Mueller, Inoni Betuela, Timothy ME Davis and Laurens Manning
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:630
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a major health problem worldwide. Antibiotic use, in general, and clindamycin and ciprofloxacin, in particular, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CDI. Here...

    Authors: Andrea C Büchler, Silvana K Rampini, Simon Stelling, Bruno Ledergerber, Silke Peter, Alexander Schweiger, Christian Ruef, Reinhard Zbinden and Roberto F Speck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:607
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Acute Aspergillus fumigatus infection in immunocompetent patients is rare. This is the first known case of a patient who survived Aspergillus sepsis after being treated early with veno-venous extracorporeal membr...

    Authors: Nina Jung, Silke Mronga, Susanne Schroth, Timon Vassiliou, Frank Sommer, Eduard Walthers, Christian Aepinus, Andreas Jerrentrup, Claus Vogelmeier, Angelique Holland and Rembert Koczulla
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:600
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  46. A previously published proof of principle phase IIa trial with 113 patients from Kabul showed that bipolar high-frequency (HF) electro-cauterization (EC) of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) ulcers and subsequent m...

    Authors: Hans-Christian Stahl, Faridullah Ahmadi, Ulrike Schleicher, Rainer Sauerborn, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Mohammed Latif Amirih, Ibrahim Sakhayee, Christian Bogdan and Kurt-Wilhelm Stahl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:619
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The widespread use of empiric broad spectrum antibiotics has contributed to the global increase of Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli (RGNB) infections in intensive care units (ICU). The aim of this study was to ...

    Authors: Anupama Vasudevan, Amartya Mukhopadhyay, Jialiang Li, Eugene Goh Yu Yuen and Paul Ananth Tambyah
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:615
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is a rapidly emerging public health problem in Ecuador and throughout the tropics. However, we have a limited understanding of the disease transmission dynamics in...

    Authors: Anna M Stewart-Ibarra, Ángel G Muñoz, Sadie J Ryan, Efraín Beltrán Ayala, Mercy J Borbor-Cordova, Julia L Finkelstein, Raúl Mejía, Tania Ordoñez, G Cristina Recalde-Coronel and Keytia Rivero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:610
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Major hospitals in most Chinese cities have the capability to perform HIV testing. However, it is not a routine test for all patients and, as a result, many patients are not aware of their HIV status. To under...

    Authors: Hua-Feng Xu, Hai-Zhou Zhou, Li-Xin Jiang, Na Zhang, Xuan Zhang and Xiu-Ru Guan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:605
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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