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  1. Prison conditions can favor the spread of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to evaluate in a Brazilian prison: the performance and accuracy of smear, culture and Detect-TB; performance of smear plus culture ...

    Authors: Karen Barros Schmid, Luciene Scherer, Regina Bones Barcellos, Daniele Kuhleis, Isaías Valente Prestes, Ricardo Ewbank Steffen, Elis Regina Dalla Costa and Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:678
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) is a major cause of both healthcare and community acquired infections. In developing countries, manual phenotypic tests are the mainstay for the identification of staphylococci w...

    Authors: Geoffrey Omuse, Beatrice Kabera and Gunturu Revathi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:669
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to AmpC producing Enterobacteriaceae (AE) in a large centralized Canadian regio...

    Authors: Vikas P Chaubey, Johann D D Pitout, Bruce Dalton, Daniel B Gregson, Terry Ross and Kevin B Laupland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:647
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Cervical cancer (CC) is caused by persistent infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types. In Saudi Arabia which has a population of 6.5 million women over the age of 15 years, approximately ...

    Authors: Abdulaziz AlObaid, Ismail A Al-Badawi, Hanan Al-Kadri, Kusuma Gopala, Walid Kandeil, Wim Quint, Murad Al-Aker and Rodrigo DeAntonio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:643
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Linezolid, which has bacteriostatic activity, is approved for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections. Meanwhile, daptomycin exerts bactericidal activity against VRE, but is not appr...

    Authors: Yu-Chung Chuang, Jann-Tay Wang, Hsin-Yi Lin and Shan-Chwen Chang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:687
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The HIV co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 play an important role in HIV infection and replication. Therefore we hypothesize that long-term non-progressors (LTNP) with viral control have lower expression of CCR5 and ...

    Authors: Hinta Meijerink, Agnes R Indrati, Reinout van Crevel, Irma Joosten, Hans Koenen and Andre JAM van der Ven
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:683
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Chest-x-ray is routinely used in the diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis (TB). This study assesses the incremental cost per true positive test of a point-of-care digital chest-x-ray, in the diagnosis of p...

    Authors: Gambo Aliyu, Samer S El-Kamary, Alash’le Abimiku, Laura Hungerford, Joshua Obasanya and William Blattner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:675
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Once considered primarily a pediatric concern, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining recognition as a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in adults. A better understanding of RSV epid...

    Authors: Cheryl Volling, Kazi Hassan, Tony Mazzulli, Karen Green, Ahmed Al-Den, Paul Hunter, Rupi Mangat, John Ng and Allison McGeer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:665
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most important hospital-acquired pathogens in the world, because of its resistance to almost all available antibiotic drugs. Endolysins from phages are attractin...

    Authors: Guangtao Huang, Xiaodong Shen, Yali Gong, Zhiwei Dong, Xia Zhao, Wei Shen, Jing Wang, Fuquan Hu and Yizhi Peng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:681
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes acute diarrhoea sporadically, as well as in outbreaks. Understanding the prevalence and types of HAdV in diarrhoea is important for control and preventive measures, especially in...

    Authors: Sabrina John Moyo, Kurt Hanevik, Bjørn Blomberg, Oyvind Kommedal, Svein Arne Nordbø, Samuel Maselle and Nina Langeland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:666
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean basin, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Infantile VL may begin suddenly, with high fe...

    Authors: Fraia Melchionda, Stefania Varani, Filomena Carfagnini, Tamara Belotti, Trentina Di Muccio, Roberto Tigani, Rosalba Bergamaschi and Andrea Pession
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:620
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. The natural (i.e. unvaccinated population) attack rate of an infectious disease is an important parameter required for understanding disease transmission. As such, it is an input parameter in infectious diseas...

    Authors: Kavisha Jayasundara, Charlene Soobiah, Edward Thommes, Andrea C Tricco and Ayman Chit
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:670
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The aim of this study is to evaluate vitamin D levels in children with latent and active TB compared to healthy controls of the same age and ethnical background.

    Authors: Elisabetta Venturini, Ludovica Facchini, Nuria Martinez-Alier, Vas Novelli, Luisa Galli, Maurizio de Martino and Elena Chiappini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:652
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Aspiration pneumonia is an urgent health concern with high mortality and long hospitalization in industrialized and aging countries. However, there is no information about the effectiveness of azithromycin (AZ...

    Authors: Satoshi Marumo, Takashi Teranishi, Yuichi Higami, Yoshihiko Koshimo, Hirofumi Kiyokawa and Motokazu Kato
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:685
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Pulmonary nocardiosis frequently occurs in immunocompromised hosts and in some immunocompetent hosts with chronic lung disease; however, few reports have described pulmonary nocardiosis with nontuberculous myc...

    Authors: Kazuma Yagi, Makoto Ishii, Ho Namkoong, Takahiro Asami, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Tomoyasu Nishimura, Fumitake Saito, Yoshifumi Kimizuka, Takanori Asakura, Shoji Suzuki, Tetsuro Kamo, Sadatomo Tasaka, Tohru Gonoi, Katsuhiko Kamei, Tomoko Betsuyaku and Naoki Hasegawa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:684
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  18. Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a flavivirus that occurs in Australia and New Guinea. While clinical cases are uncommon, MVEV can cause severe encephalitis with high mortality. Sentinel chicken surv...

    Authors: Linda A Selvey, Cheryl A Johansen, Annette K Broom, Catarina Antão, Michael D Lindsay, John S Mackenzie and David W Smith
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:672
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for colonisation with extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa (XDR-PA) in immunocompromised patients and to build a clinical risk score (CRS) based on these results.

    Authors: Matthias Willmann, Anna M Klimek, Wichard Vogel, Jan Liese, Matthias Marschal, Ingo B Autenrieth, Silke Peter and Michael Buhl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:650
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Complicated pyelonephritis (cPN), a common cause of hospital admission, is still a poorly-understood entity given the difficulty involved in its correct definition. The aim of this study was to analyze the mai...

    Authors: Veronica A Buonaiuto, Ignacio Marquez, Inmaculada De Toro, Carolina Joya, Juan D Ruiz-Mesa, Raimundo Seara, Antonio Plata, Beatriz Sobrino, Begoña Palop and Juan D Colmenero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:639
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Little is known about the association between gender and risk of TB infection. We sought to assess the impact of gender on TB prevalence among people with presumptive tuberculosis at a regional referral hospit...

    Authors: Yap Boum, Daniel Atwine, Patrick Orikiriza, Justus Assimwe, Anne-Laure Page, Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire and Maryline Bonnet
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:638
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Data on the etiologies of pneumonia among children are inadequate, especially in developing countries. The principal objective is to undertake a multicenter incident case–control study of <5-year-old children ...

    Authors: Valentina Sanchez Picot, Thomas Bénet, Melina Messaoudi, Jean-Noël Telles, Monidarin Chou, Tekchheng Eap, Jianwei Wang, Kunling Shen, Jean-William Pape, Vanessa Rouzier, Shally Awasthi, Nitin Pandey, Ashish Bavdekar, Sonali Sanghvi, Annick Robinson, Bénédicte Contamin…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:635
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. The genital skin of males hosts a diversity of HPV genotypes and uncharacterized HPV genotypes. Previously we demonstrated that a specific viral genotype was not identified in 14% of all genital specimens (i.e...

    Authors: Laura Sichero, Christine M Pierce Campbell, William Fulp, Silvaneide Ferreira, João S Sobrinho, Maria Luiza Baggio, Lenice Galan, Roberto C Silva, Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce, Anna R Giuliano and Luisa L Villa
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:677
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) testing has been shown to be a valuable tool in cervical cancer screening for the detection of cervical pre-cancer and cancer.

    Authors: Gerd Boehmer, Lisa Wang, Angelika Iftner, Barbara Holz, Juliane Haedicke, Reinhard von Wasielewski, Peter Martus and Thomas Iftner
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:674
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with anemia. Understanding the magnitude of H.pylori infection and its association with anemia is important in the management of anemic patients. The aim of this study...

    Authors: Dargaze Kibru, Baye Gelaw, Agersew Alemu and Zelalem Addis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:656
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Coxiella burnetii is an obligate bacterial pathogen that causes Q fever. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) commonly exists as a latent infection in healthy people. Co-infection with both pathogens is rare.

    Authors: Jin-Yi Hsu, Chen-Chi Tsai and Kuo-Chih Tseng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:651
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  27. There is a paucity of data pertaining to the epidemiology and public health impact of Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis infections. We aimed to determine the extent of enterobiasis, strongyloi...

    Authors: Nahya Salim, Tobias Schindler, Ummi Abdul, Julian Rothen, Blaise Genton, Omar Lweno, Alisa S Mohammed, John Masimba, Denis Kwaba, Salim Abdulla, Marcel Tanner, Claudia Daubenberger and Stefanie Knopp
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:644
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication in herpes zoster (HZ) patients.

    Authors: Hélène Bricout, Emilia Perinetti, Paolo Marchettini, Pietro Ragni, Carla Maria Zotti, Giovanni Gabutti, Antonio Volpi and Elisabetta Franco
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:637
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Mathematical or statistical tools are capable to provide a valid help to improve surveillance systems for healthcare and non-healthcare-associated bacterial infections. The aim of this work is to evaluate the tim...

    Authors: Antonio Ballarin, Brunella Posteraro, Giuseppe Demartis, Simona Gervasi, Fabrizio Panzarella, Riccardo Torelli, Francesco Paroni Sterbini, Grazia Morandotti, Patrizia Posteraro, Walter Ricciardi, Kristian A Gervasi Vidal and Maurizio Sanguinetti
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:634
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Dengue infection can result in severe clinical manifestations requiring intensive care. Effective triage is critical for early clinical management to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, there is limited k...

    Authors: Junxiong Pang, Tun-Linn Thein, Yee-Sin Leo and David C Lye
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:649
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. We sought to determine if nasopharyngeal (NP) cultures taken at times of healthy visits or at onset of acute otitis media (AOM) could predict the otopathogen mix and antibiotic-susceptibility of middle ear iso...

    Authors: Ravinder Kaur, Katerina Czup, Janet R Casey and Michael E Pichichero
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:640
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Basic trainees in the US military have historically been vulnerable to respiratory infections. Adenovirus and influenza are the most common etiological agents responsible for febrile respiratory illness (FRI) ...

    Authors: Damaris S Padin, Dennis Faix, Stephanie Brodine, Hector Lemus, Anthony Hawksworth, Shannon Putnam and Patrick Blair
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:576
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Most patients who experience virologic failure (VF) on second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-middle income countries fail due to poor adherence rather than antiretroviral resistance. A simple adheren...

    Authors: Richard Court, Rory Leisegang, Annemie Stewart, Henry Sunpath, Richard Murphy, Philip Winternheimer, Mashuda Ally and Gary Maartens
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:664
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The conjugate vaccine against serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis (NmA), MenAfriVac, is currently being introduced throughout the African meningitis belt. In repeated multicentre cross-sectional studies in Burkina...

    Authors: Paul A Kristiansen, Absatou Ky Ba, Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo, Idrissa Sanou, Rasmata Ouédraogo, Lassana Sangaré, Fabien Diomandé, Denis Kandolo, Inger Marie Saga, Lara Misegades, Thomas A Clark, Marie-Pierre Préziosi and Dominique A Caugant
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:663
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized as an important community acquired pathogen causing disease (CA-CDI). Vitamin D [25(OH)D] has immune modulatory effects and plays an important rol...

    Authors: Tanya Sahay and Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:661
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase HIV infectivity through local inflammatory processes. Prevalent and incident STIs among people who live with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are indicators of high-risk sexual ...

    Authors: Qing-hai Hu, Jun-jie Xu, Hua-chun Zou, Jing Liu, Jing Zhang, Hai-bo Ding, Han-Zhu Qian, Si-ruo Li, Yu Liu, Yong-jun Jiang, Hong Shang and Ning Wang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:658
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) strip test has been suggested as a new point-of-care test for active tuberculosis (TB) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. It has been questioned if...

    Authors: Tavs Qvist, Isik S Johansen, Tania Pressler, Niels Høiby, Aase B Andersen, Terese L Katzenstein and Stephanie Bjerrum
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:655
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Healthcare providers (HCPs) play a critical role in controlling the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STI) through early and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment and prevention counselling. This ...

    Authors: Pham Thi Lan, Ho Dang Phuc, Nguyen Quynh Hoa, Nguyen Thi Kim Chuc and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:646
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Infants who are exclusively breastfed receive natural protection against some infectious agents. This study examined whether there was protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the occurrence of hand, fo...

    Authors: Hualiang Lin, Limei Sun, Jinyan Lin, Jianfeng He, Aiping Deng, Min Kang, Hanri Zeng, Wenjun Ma and Yonghui Zhang
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:645
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Since 2000, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and WHO have supported the introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) in the immunization programs of developing countries. Th...

    Authors: Fatim Ba, Abdoulaye Seck, Mamadou Bâ, Aliou Thiongane, Moussa Fafa Cissé, Khady Seck, Madeleine Ndour, Pascal Boisier and Benoit Garin
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:627
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Little is known about the parasite/host factors that lead to Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after drug-cure. Studies in Sudan provide evidence for assoc...

    Authors: Mohamed A M Salih, Michaela Fakiola, Mohamed H Abdelraheem, Brima M Younis, Ahmed M Musa, Ahmed M ElHassan, Jenefer M Blackwell, Muntaser E Ibrahim and Hiba S Mohamed
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:662
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. There is an urgent need for improved vaccines to protect against tuberculosis. The currently available vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has varying immunogenicity and efficacy across different populations...

    Authors: Rachel Tanner, Kristina Kakalacheva, Ellen Miller, Ansar A Pathan, Rod Chalk, Clare R Sander, Tom Scriba, Michelle Tameris, Tony Hawkridge, Hassan Mahomed, Greg Hussey, Willem Hanekom, Anna Checkley, Helen McShane and Helen A Fletcher
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:660
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. In order to investigate the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from community-onset infections in Chinese county...

    Authors: Jing Zhang, Beiwen Zheng, Lina Zhao, Zeqing Wei, Jinru Ji, Lanjuan Li and Yonghong Xiao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:659
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Rising rates of infectious diseases in international migrants has reignited the debate around screening. There have been calls to strengthen primary-care-based programmes, focusing on latent TB. We did a cross...

    Authors: Sally Hargreaves, Farah Seedat, Josip Car, Rod Escombe, Samia Hasan, Joseph Eliahoo and Jon S Friedland
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:657
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube® (QFT-GIT) test is used for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Besides, QFT-GIT test could allow tracking changes in immune response among TB patients and their co...

    Authors: Mulugeta Belay, Mengistu Legesse, Daniel Dagne, Adane Mihret, Yonas Bekele, Girmay Medhin, Gunnar Bjune and Fekadu Abebe
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:654
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Majority of individuals with history of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exhibit strong immunity to re-infection, however, the mechanism of resistance is poorly understood. It is unclear whether CD8+ T cells contribut...

    Authors: Himanshu Kaushal, Rachel Bras-Gonçalves, Narender Singh Negi, Jean-Loup Lemesre, Gérard Papierok and Poonam Salotra
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:653
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Listeria monocytogenes causes gastroenteritis, meningitis and bacteraemia in immunocompromised, pregnant patients, the elderly as well in immunocompetent patients. Focal infections with this organism are uncommo...

    Authors: Ruchir Chavada, Caitlin Keighley, Syed Quadri, Ray Asghari, Ann Hofmeyr and Hong Foo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:641
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  48. Intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the original template for HBV replication. The persistence of cccDNA is responsible for the recurrence of HBV infection. The dete...

    Authors: Yanwei Zhong, Shuangye Hu, Chen Xu, Yulai Zhao, Dongping Xu, Yanqing Zhao, Jingmin Zhao, Zhibin Li, Xiuchang Zhang, Hongfei Zhang and Jin Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:608
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The innate immune system recognizes pathogens via its pattern recognition receptors. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins, a f...

    Authors: Xinjie Liu, Qizheng Han and Junhong Leng
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:648
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Recreational drug use (RDU) may result in sexual disinhibition and higher risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. We assessed whether RDU w...

    Authors: Jun-Jie Xu, Chen Zhang, Qing-Hai Hu, Zhen-Xing Chu, Jing Zhang, Yong-Ze Li, Lin Lu, Zhe Wang, Ji-Hua Fu, Xi Chen, Hong-Jing Yan, Ming-Hua Zhuang, Yong-Jun Jiang, Wen-Qing Geng, Sten H Vermund, Hong Shang…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2014 14:642
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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