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  1. Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) and immunodeficient long-term polio excretors constitute a significant public health burden and are a major concern for the WHO global polio eradication endgame.

    Authors: Thomas Foiadelli, Salvatore Savasta, Andrea Battistone, Majlinda Kota, Carolina Passera, Stefano Fiore, Silvia Bino, Concetta Amato, Alessandro Lozza, Gian Luigi Marseglia and Lucia Fiore
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:277
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  2. Staphylococcus aureus is associated with human skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs); however, the involvement of virulence factors in different clinical presentations is unclear.

    Authors: Chih-Hsuan Changchien, Shu-Wun Chen, Ying-Ying Chen and Chishih Chu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. We investigated the molecular mechanism of ß-lactam resistance in extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterial strains isolated in neonatal units of different hospitals in Anatnanarivo, Madag...

    Authors: T. Naas, G. Cuzon, A. L. Robinson, Z. Andrianirina, P. Imbert, E. Ratsima, Z. N. Ranosiarisoa, P. Nordmann and J. Raymond
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of worldwide public health importance. The disease affects humans, domestic animals and wildlife. However, leptospirosis is challenging in its diagnosis in humans....

    Authors: Shabani K. Muller, Justine A. Assenga, Lucas E. Matemba, Gerald Misinzo and Rudovick R. Kazwala
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Prevention and antiretroviral therapy (ART) management for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected people need to have long-term health care. An empowerment focused intervention is a procedure by which HIV...

    Authors: Dharma Nand Bhatta and Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. In sub-Saharan Africa, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) can cause bloodstream infections, referred to as invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS disease); it can occur in outbreaks and is often preceded by ...

    Authors: Dadi Falay, Laura Maria Francisca Kuijpers, Marie-France Phoba, Hilde De Boeck, Octavie Lunguya, Emmanuel Vakaniaki, Sophie Bertrand, Wesley Mattheus, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens, Raymond Vanhoof, Hugo Devlieger, Chris Van Geet, Erik Verheyen, Dauly Ngbonda and Jan Jacobs
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide, mainly after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. Patient with HIV-related illness are more likely to present...

    Authors: Ana Carla Pecego, Rodrigo T. Amancio, Camila Ribeiro, Emersom C. Mesquita, Denise M. Medeiros, José Cerbino, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Fernando A. Bozza and Andre M. Japiassu
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Health care associated transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is well described. A previous survey of infection control (IC) practices at clinical research sites in low and middle income countries (LMIC)...

    Authors: Catherine Godfrey, Gail Tauscher, Sally Hunsberger, Melissa Austin, Lesley Scott, Jeffrey T. Schouten, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Constance Benson, Robert Coombs and Susan Swindells
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants belong to different genotypes, A-J, whose worldwide distribution is linked with geography, probably because viral spread was associated with ancient human migrations. HBV genot...

    Authors: Marion Cornelissen, Fokla Zorgdrager, Sylvia M. Bruisten, Margreet Bakker, Ben Berkhout and Antoinette C. van der Kuyl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The disease burden of influenza in China has not been well described, especially among young children. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of outpatient visits associated with influenza in youn...

    Authors: Tao Zhang, Jun Zhang, Jun Hua, Dan Wang, Liling Chen, Yunfang Ding, Shanshan Zeng, Jing Wu, Yanwei Jiang, Qian Geng, Suizan Zhou, Ying Song, A. Danielle Iuliano, Carolyn M. Greene, Jeffrey McFarland and Genming Zhao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Intensified case finding (ICF) and earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation are strategies to reduce burden of HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB). We describe incidence of and associated factors for TB am...

    Authors: Tendesayi Kufa, Violet Chihota, Victor Mngomezulu, Salome Charalambous, Suzanne Verver, Gavin Churchyard and Martien Borgdorff
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The C - reactive protein (CRP) response is often measured in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) yet little is known about its relationship to clinical features in TB, or whether responses differ between et...

    Authors: James Brown, Kristina Clark, Colette Smith, Jennifer Hopwood, Oliver Lynard, Michael Toolan, Dean Creer, Jack Barker, Ronan Breen, Tim Brown, Ian Cropley and Marc Lipman
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious disease requiring hospitalisation following renal transplantation. However, the risk and outcome of post-transplant pyelonephritis remains unclear.

    Authors: Mette Elneff Graversen, Lars Skov Dalgaard, Søren Jensen-Fangel, Bente Jespersen, Lars Østergaard and Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Factors related to the natural transmission of Ebola virus (EBOV) to humans are still not well defined. Results of previous sero-prevalence studies suggest that circulation of EBOV in human population is commo...

    Authors: Sabue Mulangu, Matthias Borchert, Janusz Paweska, Antoine Tshomba, Afongenda Afounde, Amayo Kulidri, Robert Swanepoel, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum and Patrick Van der Stuyft
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. In 2014 only 50 % of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients achieved a successful treatment outcome. With limited options for medical treatment, surgery has re-emerged as an adjuvant therapeutic st...

    Authors: Rebecca C. Harris, Mishal S. Khan, Laura J. Martin, Victoria Allen, David A. J. Moore, Katherine Fielding and Louis Grandjean
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan causing trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted human infection, with around 276.4 million new cases estimated by World Health Organizat...

    Authors: Adriana Calderaro, Maddalena Piergianni, Sara Montecchini, Mirko Buttrini, Giovanna Piccolo, Sabina Rossi, Maria Cristina Arcangeletti, Maria Cristina Medici, Carlo Chezzi and Flora De Conto
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is a major health problem especially for countries with high TB incidence such as Peru. In this study, we evaluated High Resolution Melting (HRM) assay in Peruvian ...

    Authors: Marco Galarza, Manuel Fasabi, Kelly S. Levano, Edith Castillo, Nadia Barreda, Mitzi Rodriguez and Heinner Guio
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Household contacts (HHCs) of TB cases are at increased risk for TB disease compared to the general population but the risk may be modified by individual or household factors. We conducted a study to determine ...

    Authors: Larissa Otero, Lena Shah, Kristien Verdonck, Tullia Battaglioli, Timothy Brewer, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Carlos Seas and Patrick Van der Stuyft
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The clinical spectrum of leprosy is dependent on the host immune response against Mycobacterium leprae or the newly discovered Mycobacterium lepromatosis antigen. Helminth infections have been shown to affect the...

    Authors: Salma Oktaria, Evita Halim Effendi, Wresti Indriatmi, Colette L. M. van Hees, Hok Bing Thio and Emmy Soedarmi Sjamsoe-Daili
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) control relies on high initiation and completion rates of preventive treatment to preclude progression to tuberculosis disease. Specific interventions may improve initiatio...

    Authors: Anke L. Stuurman, Marije Vonk Noordegraaf-Schouten, Femke van Kessel, Anouk M. Oordt-Speets, Andreas Sandgren and Marieke J. van der Werf
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Listeriosis is a rare disease caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes and mainly affects at risk people. Listeriosis can lead to sepsis, central nervous system (CNS) infections and death. The objectives of...

    Authors: C. Maertens De Noordhout, B. Devleesschauwer, A. Maertens De Noordhout, J. Blocher, J. A. Haagsma, A. H. Havelaar and N. Speybroeck
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Currently Norway does not recommend universal varicella vaccination for healthy children. This study assessed susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the Norwegian population for the first time.

    Authors: Grazina Rimseliene, Kirsti Vainio, Moustafa Gibory, Beatriz Valcarcel Salamanca and Elmira Flem
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Acute diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in those under the age of 5 years. Rotavirus is recognized as the leading cause of acute diarrhea in children, however, the c...

    Authors: Lei Tian, Xuhui Zhu, Zhongju Chen, Weiyong Liu, Song Li, Weiting Yu, Wenqian Zhang, Xu Xiang and Ziyong Sun
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Enterobacter species are important nosocomial pathogens, and there is growing concern about their ability to develop resistance during antimicrobial therapy. However, few data are avai...

    Authors: Seongman Bae, Taeeun Kim, Min-Chul Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sung-Han Kim, Heungsup Sung, Young-Suk Lim, Sang-Oh Lee, Mi-Na Kim, Yang Soo Kim, Jun Hee Woo and Sang-Ho Choi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:519

  26. The defining feature of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from infants and children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), derived from an earlier untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics stu...

    Authors: Shayne Mason, Carolus J. Reinecke, Willem Kulik, Arno van Cruchten, Regan Solomons and A. Marceline Tutu van Furth
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. High prevalences of sexually transmitted infections have been id...

    Authors: Steven G. Badman, Lisa M. Vallely, Pamela Toliman, Grace Kariwiga, Bomesina Lote, William Pomat, Caroline Holmer, Rebecca Guy, Stanley Luchters, Chris Morgan, Suzanne M. Garland, Sepehr Tabrizi, David Whiley, Stephen J. Rogerson, Glen Mola, Handan Wand…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Prisoners represent a vulnerable population for blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections which can potentially lead to liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. However, little is known about the prevale...

    Authors: Antoine Jaquet, Gilles Wandeler, Judicaël Tine, Claver A. Dagnra, Alain Attia, Akouda Patassi, Abdoulaye Ndiaye, Victor de Ledinghen, Didier K. Ekouevi, Moussa Seydi and François Dabis
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Human dirofilariosis is still a little known infection even in endemic areas. Dirofilariosis is zoonotic infection usually abortive in humans; instead, we report a very rare case (the 4th in the world), the fi...

    Authors: Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova, Simona Gabrielli, Maurizio De Angelis, Giovanni L. Milardi, Carlo Magnani, Biancamaria Di Marco, Gloria Taliani and Gabriella Cancrini
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:248
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Pneumonia is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in infectious disease, and increasing antimicrobial resistance has raised concerns of treatment failure. Therefore, we evaluated the value of a blood cul...

    Authors: Eun Young Heo, Sue Shin, Hee Soon Chung, Yun-Jeong Jeong, So Hee Oh and Deog Kyeom Kim
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Fine needle aspiration biopsy has become a standard approach for diagnosis of peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and Ustar EasyNAT TB IA...

    Authors: Maira Bholla, Neema Kapalata, Edward Masika, Hassan Chande, Levan Jugheli, Mohamed Sasamalo, Tracy R. Glass, Hans-Peter Beck and Klaus Reither
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Syphilis with ocular involvement has reemerged as a critical health problem. The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) status in ocular syphilis in h...

    Authors: Ting Dai, Xinjun Wu, Shaona Zhou, Qianqiu Wang and Daning Li
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Q fever in Kenya is poorly reported and its surveillance is highly neglected. Standard empiric treatment for febrile patients admitted to hospitals is antimalarials or penicillin-based antibiotics, which have ...

    Authors: J. Njeru, K. Henning, M. W. Pletz, R. Heller, C. Forstner, S. Kariuki, E. M. Fèvre and H. Neubauer
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Although N95 filtering facepiece respirators and medical masks are commonly used for protection against respiratory infections in healthcare settings, more clinical evidence is needed to understand the optimal...

    Authors: Lewis J. Radonovich Jr., Mary T. Bessesen, Derek A. Cummings, Aaron Eagan, Charlotte Gaydos, Cynthia Gibert, Geoffrey J. Gorse, Ann-Christine Nyquist, Nicholas G. Reich, Maria Rodrigues-Barradas, Connie Savor-Price, Ronald E. Shaffer, Michael S. Simberkoff and Trish M. Perl
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:243
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. The cost and complexity of current approaches to therapeutic drug monitoring during tuberculosis (TB) therapy limits widespread use in areas of greatest need. We sought to determine whether urine colorimetry c...

    Authors: Isaac Zentner, Hans P. Schlecht, Lorna Khensouvann, Neo Tamuhla, Michele Kutzler, Vijay Ivaturi, Jotam G. Pasipanodya, Tawanda Gumbo, Charles A. Peloquin, Gregory P. Bisson and Christopher Vinnard
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to more rapid progression of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related liver fibrosis, which could be linked to differences in the severity of liver inflammation among ...

    Authors: François M. J. Lamoury, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Elizabeth Keoshkerian, Jordan J. Feld, Janaki Amin, Suzy Teutsch, Gail V. Matthews, Margaret Hellard, Gregory J. Dore, Andrew R. Lloyd, Tanya L. Applegate and Jason Grebely
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Late-appearing anaemia (LAA) following treatment with artemisinins for severe malaria has been reported and well described, but there are limited clinical and parasitological data on LAA in African children wi...

    Authors: Akintunde Sowunmi, Kazeem Akano, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Godwin Ntadom, Temitope Aderoyeje, Elsie O. Adewoye and Bayo Fatunmbi
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The objective of this ambispective study was to determine outcomes and associated factors for adult patients with confirmed septic arthritis (SA).

    Authors: Julien Ferrand, Youssef El Samad, Benoit Brunschweiler, Franck Grados, Nassima Dehamchia-Rehailia, Alice Séjourne, Jean-Luc Schmit, Antoine Gabrion, Patrice Fardellone and Julien Paccou
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. It is known that mobile phones may play a role in microorganism transmission. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the number of Candida genera/species isolated from samples collected fro...

    Authors: Anna Kordecka, Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak, Cecylia Łukaszuk, Bogumiła Kraszyńska and Wojciech Kułak
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The endgame for polio eradication includes coordinated global cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), starting with the cessation of vaccine containing OPV serotype 2 (OPV2) by switching all trivalent OPV ...

    Authors: Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Lee M. Hampton and Kimberly M. Thompson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children in both the community and hospital setting.

    Authors: Regina Oladokun, Rudzani Muloiwa, Nei-yuan Hsiao, Ziyaad Valley-Omar, James Nuttall and Brian Eley
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Blood cultures are commonly employed to identify bacterial pathogens causing sepsis. PCR assays to diagnose septicemia require extraction of bacterial DNA from blood samples and thus, delay the initiation of a...

    Authors: Ngo Tat Trung, Tran Thi Thu Hien, Tran Thi Thanh Huyen, Dao Thanh Quyen, Trinh Van Son, Phan Quoc Hoan, Nguyen Thi Kim Phuong, Tran Thi Lien, Mai Thanh Binh, Hoang Van Tong, Christian G. Meyer, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan and Le Huu Song
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. We report herein a case of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) used for severe Clostridium difficile infection for a 65-year-old Lebanese man who underwent left ventricular assist device implantation. To the b...

    Authors: Zeina Z. Berro, Righab H. Hamdan, Israa H. Dandache, Mohamad N. Saab, Hussein H. Karnib and Mahmoud H. Younes
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:234
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  44. Major outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) have been reported in China since 2008, posing a great threat to the health of children. Although many studies have examined the effect of meteorological ...

    Authors: Chao Wang, Kai Cao, Yingjie Zhang, Liqun Fang, Xia Li, Qin Xu, Fangfang Huang, Lixin Tao, Jin Guo, Qi Gao and Xiuhua Guo
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The early identification of patients at risk of dying from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is critical for their treatment and for defining hospital resource consumption. Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR...

    Authors: Dan Liu, Lixin Xie, Haiyan Zhao, Xueyao Liu and Jie Cao
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The endgame for polio eradication involves coordinated global cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) with cessation of serotype 2 OPV (OPV2 cessation) implemented in late April and early May 2016 and cessa...

    Authors: Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Lee M. Hampton and Kimberly M. Thompson
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by transient mild symptoms of encephalopathy and a reversible lesion in the...

    Authors: Zhe-Feng Yuan, Jue Shen, Shan-Shan Mao, Yong-Lin Yu, Lu Xu, Pei-Fang Jiang, Feng Gao and Zhe-Zhi Xia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:230
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  48. The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation (SCORE) was established in 2008 to answer strategic questions about schistosomiasis control. For programme managers, a high-priority quest...

    Authors: Amara E. Ezeamama, Chun-La He, Ye Shen, Xiao-Ping Yin, Sue C. Binder, Carl H. Campbell Jr., Stephen Rathbun, Christopher C. Whalen, Eliézer K. N’Goran, Jürg Utzinger, Annette Olsen, Pascal Magnussen, Safari Kinung’hi, Alan Fenwick, Anna Phillips, Josefo Ferro…
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. This study was designed to determine the Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and its distribution of genotypes in various regions of Yunnan Province, China.

    Authors: Zulqarnain Baloch, Yuanyue Li, Tao Yuan, Yue Feng, Yanqing Liu, Wenlin Tai, Li Liu, Binghui Wang, A-mei Zhang, Xiaomei Wu and Xueshan Xia
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) may experience higher mortality of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) than patients without CHF due to insufficient cardiovascular responses during systemic infection...

    Authors: Jesper Smit, Kasper Adelborg, Reimar Wernich Thomsen, Mette Søgaard and Henrik Carl Schønheyder
    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2016 16:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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