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Viral diseases

Section edited by Julian Tang

This section aims to publish studies looking at all aspects of of the prevention, diagnosis and management of viral diseases in humans, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. HIV, HIV-associated infections and sexually transmitted diseases are considered in separate sections.

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  1. Infectious disease prevention and control strategies require a coordinated, transnational approach. To establish core capacities of the International Health Regulations (IHR), the World Health Organization (WH...

    Authors: Mory Keïta, Georges Alfred Kizerbo, Lorenzo Subissi, Fodé Amara Traoré, Ahmadou Doré, Mohamed Fode Camara, Ahmadou Barry, Raymond Pallawo, Mamadou Oury Baldé, Nfaly Magassouba, Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey and Ibrahima Socé Fall

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:606

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks in settings globally. Studies have shown that employees played an important role in the transmission mode during some N...

    Authors: Qiang-song Wu, Ze-liang Xuan, Jing-yi Liu, Xue-tao Zhao, Yuan-fang Chen, Chen-xi Wang, Xiao-ting Shen, Ya-xin Wang, Lan Wang and Yi Hu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:592

    Content type: Research article

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  4. We report a rare case of Toscana virus infection imported into Switzerland in a 23-year old man who travelled to Imperia (Italy) 10 days before onset of symptoms. Symptoms included both meningitis and as well ...

    Authors: Fabian Tschumi, Stefan Schmutz, Verena Kufner, Maike Heider, Fiona Pigny, Bettina Schreiner, Riccarda Capaul, Yvonne Achermann and Michael Huber

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:591

    Content type: Case report

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  5. Transfusion-Transmitted Zika virus (TT-ZIKV) has become an emerging threat to world blood banks due to the fast spread of ZIKV epidemics and high rate of asymptomatic infections. For the risk assessment of ZIK...

    Authors: Rongfei Liu, Xuanzhuo Wang, Yu Ma, Jianyong Wu, Chen Mao, Lihong Yuan and Jiahai Lu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:590

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) is caused by a multitude of diverse pathogens, with significant morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The objective of this review was to characterise t...

    Authors: Kinley Wangdi, Kaushalya Kasturiaratchi, Susana Vaz Nery, Colleen L. Lau, Darren J. Gray and Archie C. A. Clements

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:577

    Content type: Research article

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  8. We conducted a diagnostic surveillance study to identify Plasmodium, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Orientia tsutsugamushi infections among febrile patients who underwent triage for malaria in the outpatien...

    Authors: Pavitra N. Rao, Anna Maria van Eijk, Sandhya Choubey, Syed Zeeshan Ali, Aditee Dash, Punam Barla, Rajshri Rani Oraon, Gautam Patel, P. Nandini, Subrata Acharya, Sanjib Mohanty, Jane M. Carlton and Sanghamitra Satpathi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:572

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by a small RNA virus known as hepatitis E virus (HEV). Four major genotypes infect humans, of which genotype 1 and 2 (HEV-1, HEV-2) are endemic mainly in Asia and responsi...

    Authors: Joachim Denner, Sven Pischke, Eike Steinmann, Johannes Blümel and Dieter Glebe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:541

    Content type: Debate

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  10. Hantaviruses are important zoonotic pathogens, and they pose a profound risk to public health. So far, there has been no evidence showing that Tula virus (TULV), one species of hantavirus, is endemic in China....

    Authors: Gang Guo, Baoping Guo, Xiran Wu, Yuanzhi Wang, Jianling Bao, Yuan Ren, Hongyu Li, Jun Li, Wenbao Zhang and Hua Yao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:527

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) have increasingly been observed in Miyazaki, southwest Japan. It is critical to identify and elucidate the risk factors of infection at community lev...

    Authors: Kazuhiro Yasuo and Hiroshi Nishiura

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:498

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Dengue is becoming a major public health concern in Guangdong (GD) Province of China. The problem was highlighted in 2014 by an unprecedented explosive outbreak, where the number of cases was larger than the t...

    Authors: Guanghu Zhu, Jianpeng Xiao, Tao Liu, Bing Zhang, Yuantao Hao and Wenjun Ma

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:493

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by an excessive systemic inflammatory response, which can be classified as primary HLH (pHLH) and secondary HLH (sHLH). Viru...

    Authors: Xiaoling Yang, Chuan Wang, Libo Wu, Xiaoqian Jiang, Sumei Zhang and Fuchun Jing

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:492

    Content type: Case report

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  15. The increasing availability of high-throughput sequencing data provides researchers with unprecedented opportunities to investigate viral genetic elements in host genomes that contribute to virus-linked cancer...

    Authors: Bingqing Yan, Xinyi Liu, Siwei Zhang, Siyang Yu, Fangjia Tong, Huanhuan Xie, Lianhao Song, Yan Zhang and Lanlan Wei

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:479

    Content type: Software

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  16. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly identified severe infectious disease caused by SFTS phlebovirus (SFTSV). SFTS monitoring has been carried out since 2010 in mainland China. We anal...

    Authors: Xiaoxia Huang, Shujun Ding, Xiaolin Jiang, Bo Pang, Quanfu Zhang, Chuan Li, Aqian Li, Jiandong Li, Mifang Liang, Shiwen Wang and Dexin Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:476

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) is usually associated with aseptic meningitis and myocarditis; however, the association between CV-B3 and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has not been clearly demonstrated, and t...

    Authors: Zhenzhi Han, Yong Zhang, Keqiang Huang, Jianxing Wang, Huifang Tian, Yang Song, Qian Yang, Dongmei Yan, Shuangli Zhu, Mingxiao Yao, Xianjun Wang and Wenbo Xu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:466

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Studies have shown that the human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) is endemic in several indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon and molecular analyses have shown the exclusive presence of HTLV-2 subtype...

    Authors: Isabel Luís Jocene Braço, Keyla Santos Guedes de Sá, Mishelle Waqasi, Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz, Andréa Nazaré Rangel da Silva, Izaura M. V. Cayres-Vallinoto, Sandra Souza Lima, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães Ishak, Ricardo Ishak, João Farias Guerreiro and Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:459

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Since 2008, avian influenza surveillance in poultry-related environments has been conducted annually in China. Samples have been collected from environments including live poultry markets, wild bird habitats, ...

    Authors: Ye Zhang, Jie Dong, Hong Bo, Libo Dong, Shumei Zou, Xiyan Li, Yuelong Shu and Dayan Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:458

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a causal agent of acute respiratory infection, especially in primarily children. At the clinical level, HMPV is associated to several diseases including bronchitis, croup, pneum...

    Authors: Mamadou Malado Jallow, Amary Fall, Davy Kiori, Sara Sy, Déborah Goudiaby, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Malick Fall, Mbayame Ndiaye Niang and Ndongo Dia

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:457

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a major public health problem in Nepal. This study was conducted to obtain information associated with Rotavirus gastroenteritis and to perform genotyping of Rotavirus A.

    Authors: Sony Shrestha, Ocean Thakali, Sunayana Raya, Laxman Shrestha, Keshab Parajuli and Jeevan Bahadhur Sherchand

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:456

    Content type: Research article

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  22. São José do Rio Preto is one of the cities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, that is hyperendemic for dengue, with the presence of the four dengue serotypes.

    Authors: Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto, Rafael Alves da Silva, Nathalia Zini, Gislaine Celestino Dutra da Silva, Natal Santos da Silva, Maisa Carla Pereira Parra, Margareth Regina Dibo, Cassia Fernanda Estofolete, Eliane Aparecida Fávaro, Karina Rocha Dutra, Manlio Tasso Oliveira Mota, Georgia Freitas Guimarães, Ana Carolina Bernardes Terzian, Marta Blangiardo and Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:441

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Over the past decades there have been outbreaks of mumps in many countries, even in populations that were vaccinated. Some studies suggest that the incidence of mumps is related to meteorological changes, but ...

    Authors: Yu Hao, Ran-ran Wang, Ling Han, Hong Wang, Xuan Zhang, Qiao-ling Tang, Long Yan and Juan He

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:435

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and provide surveillance against viruses and cancers. The ability of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells depends on the balance between the effects...

    Authors: Gabriel Andrade Nonato Queiroz, Rita Elizabeth Moreira Mascarenhas, Vincent Vieillard, Raphaela Lisboa Andrade, Bernardo Galvão-Castro and Maria Fernanda Rios Grassi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:433

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Despite the undeniable significance of blood transfusion in saving a millions life in emergencies and medical treatment, the quality of blood faced challenges from transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) suc...

    Authors: Markos Negash, Moges Ayalew, Demeke Geremew and Meseret Workineh

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:430

    Content type: Research article

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  26. The global expansion of dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika viruses (ZIKV) is having a serious impact on public health. Because these arboviruses are transmitted by the same mosquito species and co-ci...

    Authors: Lyudmyla G. Glushakova, Barry W. Alto, Myong-Sang Kim, Daniel Hutter, Andrea Bradley, Kevin M. Bradley, Nathan D. Burkett-Cadena and Steven A. Benner

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:418

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network is an international platform whose primary objective is to study severe cases of influenza requiring hospitalization.

    Authors: Joan Puig-Barberà, Ainara Mira-Iglesias, Elena Burtseva, Benjamin J. Cowling, Unal Serhat, Guillermo Miguel Ruiz-Palacios, Odile Launay, Jan Kyncl, Parvaiz Koul, Marilda M. Siqueira and Anna Sominina

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:415

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Symptomatic primary Epstein-Barr virus infection is a usually self-limiting illness in adolescents. We present a case of an adolescent who had been receiving azathioprine for inflammatory bowel disease for fou...

    Authors: Minna Honkila, Riitta Niinimäki, Mervi Taskinen, Outi Kuismin, Kaisa Kettunen, Janna Saarela, Sami Turunen, Marjo Renko and Terhi Tapiainen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:404

    Content type: Case report

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  29. Older adults are vulnerable to hospitalization or death from norovirus infection, but the actual disease burden remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide survey to estimate the number of inpatients...

    Authors: Satoko Ohfuji, Kyoko Kondo, Kazuya Ito, Tetsuo Kase, Akiko Maeda, Wakaba Fukushima, Taisei Masuda and Munehide Kano

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:400

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, potentially fatal disease with multisystem involvement. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection as a cause of refractory TTP, has been reported only in immunocompro...

    Authors: Medhini Boteju, Praveen Weeratunga, Ahalyaa Sivashangar and Thashi Chang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:394

    Content type: Case report

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  31. In Lao PDR, the epidemiology of varicella infection is uncertain, since it is not a notifiable disease and VZV outbreaks are rarely reported as fever/rash (F/R) diseases.

    Authors: Phonethipsavanh Nouanthong, Judith M. Hübschen, Somxay Billamay, Sodaly Mongkhoune, Keooudomphone Vilivong, Vilaysone Khounvisith, Regina Sinner, Marc Grandadam, Darouny Phonekeo, Antony P. Black and Claude P. Muller

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:392

    Content type: Research article

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  32. The compound letermovir (LMV) has recently been approved for the prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in adult CMV seropositive recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transpl...

    Authors: Susanne Jung, Manuela Michel, Thomas Stamminger and Detlef Michel

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:388

    Content type: Case report

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  34. Management of Ebola virus disease (EVD) has historically focused on infection prevention, case detection and supportive care. Several specific anti-Ebola therapies have been investigated, including during the ...

    Authors: James S. Lee, Neill K. J. Adhikari, Henry Y. Kwon, Koren Teo, Reed Siemieniuk, François Lamontagne, Adrienne Chan, Sharmistha Mishra, Srinivas Murthy, Peter Kiiza, Jan Hajek, Elhadj I. Bah, Marie-Claire Lamah, Raymond Kao and Robert A. Fowler

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:376

    Content type: Research article

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  35. This study was undertaken to determine the distribution of type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) in external anogenital warts, and the correlation with clinical presentation of warts and demographic data of...

    Authors: Rana Al-Awadhi, Nawaf Al-Mutairi, Ahmed N. Albatineh and Wassim Chehadeh

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:375

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Several inactivated enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) vaccines are currently licensed in China; however, the development of additional EV-A71 vaccines is ongoing, necessitating extensive analysis of the molecular epide...

    Authors: Lea Necitas Apostol, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Akira Suzuki, Rifqiyah Nur Umami, Maria Melissa Ann Jiao, Amado Tandoc III, Mariko Saito, Socorro Lupisan and Hitoshi Oshitani

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:370

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Varicella during pregnancy can lead to serious maternal and fetal consequences. Although an effective vaccine is available it is not incorporated in to the routine vaccination programs in most of the Asian cou...

    Authors: Ishara P. Premathilake, Praveena Aluthbaduge, Channa P. Senanayake, Renuka Jayalatharachchi, Sirithilak Gamage and Jude Jayamaha

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:356

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is considered to be responsible for a new viral epidemic and an emergent threat to global health security. This study describes the current epidemiologic...

    Authors: Kazhal Mobaraki and Jamal Ahmadzadeh

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:351

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Measles is one of the most contagious diseases caused by an acute viral illness called Morbillivirus that usually occurs as an outbreak in low-income countries. As of May 2016 measles suspected outbreak was re...

    Authors: Abadi Girmay and Abel Fekadu Dadi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:345

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of brain that can cause irreversible mental damage without timely treatment. In fact, many viruses can cause encephalitis, and th...

    Authors: Yu-xin Song, Ye Li, Yong-mei Jiang and Ting Liu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:342

    Content type: Case report

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  41. Zika virus is associated with increased cases of both microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Community knowledge, perceptions and practices to prevent infection with the Zika virus are not well understood, ...

    Authors: Erik J. Nelson, Maya C. Luetke, Sina Kianersi, Erik Willis and Molly Rosenberg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:339

    Content type: Research article

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  42. A severe dengue epidemic occurred in 2015 which resulted in over 22,000 laboratory-confirmed cases. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted during the ending phase of this epidemic to evaluate the...

    Authors: Yu-Wen Chien, Hsiang-Min Huang, Tzu-Chuan Ho, Fan-Chen Tseng, Nai-Ying Ko, Wen-Chien Ko and Guey Chuen Perng

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:338

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Rabies remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Most fatal rabies cases, especially in children, result from dog bites and occur in low-income countries, such as those in Sub-Saharan Afri...

    Authors: Mamadou Korka Diallo, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Anta Dicko, Vincent Richard and Emmanuelle Espié

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:321

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Influenza surveillance is necessary for detection of emerging variants of epidemiologic and clinical significance. This study describes the epidemiology of influenza types A and B, and molecular characteristic...

    Authors: Hebah A. Al Khatib, Asmaa A. Al Thani, Imed Gallouzi and Hadi M. Yassine

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:314

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Despite World Health Organization recommendations, in many countries young children are not targeted for influenza vaccination. To help inform influenza vaccination policy, we examined the occurrence and burde...

    Authors: Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Annick Moureau, Camille Schiffler, Martin Dupuy, Stephanie Pepin, Sandrine I. Samson, Philippe Vanhems and François Schellevis

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:308

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Although real-life results of sofosbuvir/simeprevir have been extensively reported from the United States, data from other geographical areas are limited. In the French observational cohort, ANRS CO22 HEPATHER...

    Authors: Anne Laurain, Sophie Metivier, Georges Haour, Dominique Larrey, Céline Dorival, Christophe Hezode, Fabien Zoulim, Patrick Marcellin, Marc Bourliere, Jean-Pierre Zarski, Dominique Thabut, Laurent Alric, Nathalie Ganne-Carrie, Paul Cales, Jean-Pierre Bronowicki, Ghassan Riachi…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:300

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread in cattle globally and is present in marketed beef and dairy products. Human infection with BLV has been reported in breast and lung cancer tissues and was s...

    Authors: Gertrude C. Buehring, Anne DeLaney, HuaMin Shen, David L. Chu, Niema Razavian, Daniel A. Schwartz, Zach R. Demkovich and Michael N. Bates

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:297

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Dengue infections have become a huge threat to public health systems in developing countries. Data on seroprevalence and incidence of dengue infections are lacking from rural regions of India. The objective of...

    Authors: Paresh S. Shah, Kalichamy Alagarasu, Shivaji Karad, Avinash Deoshatwar, Santosh M. Jadhav, Tushar Raut, Anand Singh, Cecilia Dayaraj and Vasant S. Padbidri

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:296

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a transmissible infectious disease caused by human enteroviruses (EV). Here, we described features of children with severe HFMD caused by EV-A71 or coxsackievirus A16 (CV...

    Authors: Kang Cai, Yizhong Wang, Zhongqin Guo, Huiju Yu, Huajun Li, Liya Zhang, Shanshan Xu and Qingli Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:285

    Content type: Research article

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  50. We aim to investigate possible maternal- and pregnancy-related factors associated with the development of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in children of mothers with probable gestational infection.

    Authors: Giulia P. Lima, Daniel Rozenbaum, Clarisse Pimentel, Ana Cristina Cisne Frota, Daniela Vivacqua, Elizabeth S. Machado, Fernanda Sztajnbok, Thalita Abreu, Raquel A. Soares and Cristina B. Hofer

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:277

    Content type: Research article

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