Parasitological diseases

Toxoplasma gondii exposure in patients suffering from mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Toxoplasma gondii infection has been associated with psychiatric diseases. However, there is no information about the link between this infection and patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoact...

Authors: Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, David Carrillo-Oropeza, Sandy Janet Pacheco-Vega, Jesús Hernández-Tinoco, Misael Salcedo-Jaquez, Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano, María Nalleli Ortiz-Jurado, Yesenia Alarcón-Alvarado, Oliver Liesenfeld and Isabel Beristain-García

Effect of chronic khat (Catha edulis, Forsk) use on outcome of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in Swiss albino mice

The objective of this study was to explore effects of khat (Catha edulis) on outcome of rodent malaria infection and its anti-plasmodial activities on Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA).

Authors: Tsige Ketema, Moti Yohannes, Esayas Alemayehu and Argaw Ambelu

Fusion protein comprised of the two schistosomal antigens, Sm14 and Sm29, provides significant protection against Schistosoma mansoni in murine infection model

Schistosoma mansoni infection represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in many areas of the developing world. Effective vaccines against schistosomiasis are not available and disease management relies ...

Authors: Shereen F Mossallam, Eglal I Amer, Radwa E Ewaisha, Amal M Khalil, Hamida M Aboushleib and Mohammed Bahey-El-Din

Mass campaigns with antimalarial drugs: a modelling comparison of artemether-lumefantrine and DHA-piperaquine with and without primaquine as tools for malaria control and elimination

Antimalarial drugs are a powerful tool for malaria control and elimination. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) can reduce transmission when widely distributed in a campaign setting. Modelling mass ...

Authors: Jaline Gerardin, Philip Eckhoff and Edward A Wenger

The impact of anthelmintic treatment intervention on malaria infection and anaemia in school and preschool children in Magu district, Tanzania: an open label randomised intervention trial

Some studies have suggested that helminth infections increase the risk of malaria infection and are associated with increased number of malaria attacks and anaemia. Thus interventions to control helminth infec...

Authors: Safari M Kinung’hi, Pascal Magnussen, Coleman Kishamawe, Jim Todd and Birgitte J Vennervald

Helminth infections and type 2 diabetes: a cluster-randomized placebo controlled SUGARSPIN trial in Nangapanda, Flores, Indonesia

Insulin resistance is a strong predictor of the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Chronic helminth infections might protect against insulin resistance via a caloric restriction state and indirectly via ...

Authors: Dicky L Tahapary, Karin de Ruiter, Ivonne Martin, Lisette van Lieshout, Bruno Guigas, Pradana Soewondo, Yenny Djuardi, Aprilianto E Wiria, Oleg A Mayboroda, Jeanine J Houwing-Duistermaat, Hengki Tasman, Erliyani Sartono, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Johannes W A Smit and Taniawati Supali

Sero-prevalence of Leishmania donovani infection in labour migrants and entomological risk factors in extra-domestic habitats of Kafta-Humera lowlands - kala-azar endemic areas in the northwest Ethiopia

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar cases in seasonal labour migrants from highland areas are addressed to travel history to the Metema–Humera lowlands, northwestern Ethiopia. Factors that affect the inci...

Authors: Wossenseged Lemma, Habte Tekie, Solomon Yared, Meshesha Balkew, Teshome Gebre-Michael, Alon Warburg and Asrat Hailu

Epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in renal transplant recipients: experience from thirty cases

Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania sp. and is transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis (sand fly). In renal transplant recipients, visceral leishmaniasis causes severe damage to th...

Authors: Avelar Alves de Silva, Álvaro Pacheco E Silva Filho, Ricardio de Castro Cinta Sesso, Ronaldo de Matos Esmeraldo, Cláudia Maria Costa de Oliveira, Paula Frassinetti Castelo Branco Camurca Fernandes, Rodrigo Alves de Oliveira, Leila Silveira Veira de Silva, Valencio Pereira de Carvalho, Carlos Henrique Nery Costa, Jesusmar Ximenes Andrade, Diana Marisa Barros da Silva and Roosevelt Valente Chaves

Outbreak of cryptosporidium hominis following river flooding in the city of Halle (Saale), Germany, August 2013

During weeks 32–33, 2013, 24 cases of cryptosporidiosis were notified in the city of Halle (annual mean 2008–2012: 9 cases). We investigated the outbreak to identify the source and recommend control measures, ...

Authors: Maximilian Gertler, Matthias Dürr, Peter Renner, Sven Poppert, Mona Askar, Janina Breidenbach, Christina Frank, Karina Preußel, Anika Schielke, Dirk Werber, Rachel Chalmers, Guy Robinson, Irmgard Feuerpfeil, Egbert Tannich, Christine Gröger, Klaus Stark…

Apoptosis and frequency of total and effector CD8⁺ T lymphocytes from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients during antimonial therapy

Leishmaniasis is an important parasitic disease affecting millions worldwide. Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where is caused by Leishmania braziliensis. The adaptive immu...

Authors: Raquel Ferraz, Clarissa F Cunha, Adriano Gomes-Silva, Armando O Schubach, Maria Inês F Pimentel, Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra, Sergio CF Mendonça, Cláudia M Valete-Rosalino, Alda Maria Da-Cruz and Álvaro Luiz Bertho

Identification of circulating biomarkers in sera of Plasmodium knowlesi-infected malaria patients – comparison against Plasmodium vivax infection

Plasmodium knowlesi was identified as the fifth major malaria parasite in humans. It presents severe clinical symptoms and leads to mortality as a result of hyperparasitemia in a short period of time. This study ...

Authors: Yeng Chen, Choon K Chan, Jesinda P Kerishnan, Yee L Lau, Yin-Ling Wong and Subash CB Gopinath

Visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis and reporting delays as an obstacle to timely response actions in Nepal and India

To eliminate visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India and Nepal, challenges of VL diagnosis, treatment and reporting need to be identified. Recent data indicate that VL is underreported and patients face delays wh...

Authors: Jan P Boettcher, Yubaraj Siwakoti, Ana Milojkovic, Niyamat A Siddiqui, Chitra K Gurung, Suman Rijal, Pradeep Das, Axel Kroeger and Megha R Banjara

Phenotypic profiling of CD8⁺ T cells during Plasmodium vivax blood-stage infection

For a long time, the role of CD8⁺ T cells in blood-stage malaria was not considered important because erythrocytes do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. While recent evidences su...

Authors: Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Lívia Silva Araújo Passos, Pedro Henrique Gazzinelli-Guimarães, Mariana Santos Cardoso, Mauro Shugiro Tada, Graziela Maria Zanini, Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara and Lilian Lacerda Bueno

Autochthonous transmission of Chagas disease in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: a clinical and eco-epidemiological study

After the control of the main modes of Chagas disease (CD) transmission in most endemic countries, it is important to identify the participation of native sylvatic vectors in CD transmission. Although CD is no...

Authors: Luiz Henrique Conde Sangenis, Roberto Magalhães Saraiva, Ingebourg Georg, Liane de Castro, Valdirene dos Santos Lima, André Luiz R Roque, Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier, Laura Cristina Santos, Fabiano A Fernandes, Otília Sarquis, Marli Maria Lima, Filipe Aníbal Carvalho-Costa and Márcio Neves Bóia

Anopheles arabiensisseasonal densities and infection rates in relation to landscape classes and climatic parameters in a Sahelian area of Senegal

The influence of environmental and climatic factors on malaria vector bionomics and transmission is an important topic in the context of climatic change particularly at macro-geographical level. Sahelian areas...

Authors: El Hadji Malick Ngom, Ndèye Diango Faye, Cheikh Talla, El Hadji Ndiaye, Jacques-André Ndione, Ousmane Faye, Yamar Ba, Mawlouth Diallo and Ibrahima Dia

Spleen nodules: a potential hallmark of Visceral Leishmaniasis in young children

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean basin, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Infantile VL may begin suddenly, with high fe...

Authors: Fraia Melchionda, Stefania Varani, Filomena Carfagnini, Tamara Belotti, Trentina Di Muccio, Roberto Tigani, Rosalba Bergamaschi and Andrea Pession

Rainfall and sentinel chicken seroconversions predict human cases of Murray Valley encephalitis in the north of Western Australia

Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a flavivirus that occurs in Australia and New Guinea. While clinical cases are uncommon, MVEV can cause severe encephalitis with high mortality. Sentinel chicken surv...

Authors: Linda A Selvey, Cheryl A Johansen, Annette K Broom, Catarina Antão, Michael D Lindsay, John S Mackenzie and David W Smith

Enterobiasis and strongyloidiasis and associated co-infections and morbidity markers in infants, preschool- and school-aged children from rural coastal Tanzania: a cross-sectional study

There is a paucity of data pertaining to the epidemiology and public health impact of Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis infections. We aimed to determine the extent of enterobiasis, strongyloi...

Authors: Nahya Salim, Tobias Schindler, Ummi Abdul, Julian Rothen, Blaise Genton, Omar Lweno, Alisa S Mohammed, John Masimba, Denis Kwaba, Salim Abdulla, Marcel Tanner, Claudia Daubenberger and Stefanie Knopp

Insights into the possible role of IFNG and IFNGR1 in Kala-azar and Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in Sudanese patients

Little is known about the parasite/host factors that lead to Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) in some visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients after drug-cure. Studies in Sudan provide evidence for assoc...

Authors: Mohamed A M Salih, Michaela Fakiola, Mohamed H Abdelraheem, Brima M Younis, Ahmed M Musa, Ahmed M ElHassan, Jenefer M Blackwell, Muntaser E Ibrahim and Hiba S Mohamed

Role of CD8⁺ T cells in protection against Leishmania donovani infection in healed Visceral Leishmaniasis individuals

Majority of individuals with history of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) exhibit strong immunity to re-infection, however, the mechanism of resistance is poorly understood. It is unclear whether CD8⁺ T cells contribut...

Authors: Himanshu Kaushal, Rachel Bras-Gonçalves, Narender Singh Negi, Jean-Loup Lemesre, Gérard Papierok and Poonam Salotra

A case of imported Leishmania infantum cutaneous leishmaniasis; an unusual presentation occurring 19 years after travel

Leishmania infantum is a flagellated protozoan parasite that is able to parasitize blood and tissue. Leishmania species cause a spectrum of clinical disease with cutaneous, visceral or mucosal involvement. L. in...

Authors: Amy Crowe, John Slavin, Damien Stark and Craig Aboltins

Immune markers characteristic for asymptomatically infected and diseased Entamoeba histolytica individuals and their relation to sex

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) usually asymptomatically colonizes the human intestine. In the minority of the cases, the parasite evades from the gut and can induce severe symptoms ...

Authors: Hannah Bernin, Claudia Marggraff, Thomas Jacobs, Norbert Brattig, Le Van An, Jörg Blessmann and Hannelore Lotter

A randomized controlled phase IIb wound healing trial of cutaneous leishmaniasis ulcers with 0.045% pharmaceutical chlorite (DAC N-055) with and without bipolar high frequency electro-cauterization versus intralesional antimony in Afghanistan

A previously published proof of principle phase IIa trial with 113 patients from Kabul showed that bipolar high-frequency (HF) electro-cauterization (EC) of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) ulcers and subsequent m...

Authors: Hans-Christian Stahl, Faridullah Ahmadi, Ulrike Schleicher, Rainer Sauerborn, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo, Mohammed Latif Amirih, Ibrahim Sakhayee, Christian Bogdan and Kurt-Wilhelm Stahl

Dynamics of Plasmodium falciparium and Plasmodium vivaxin a micro-ecological setting, Southwest Ethiopia: effects of altitude and proximity to a dam

Refining the spatial and temporal data on malaria transmissions at a defined ecological setting has practical implications for targeted malaria control and enhancing efficient allocation of resources. Spatial ...

Authors: Lelisa Sena, Wakgari Deressa and Ahmed Ali

Prevalence and risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

Malaria during pregnancy remains a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors for malaria in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at two...

Authors: Mamoudou Cisse, Ibrahim Sangare, Guekoun Lougue, Sanata Bamba, Dramane Bayane and Robert Tinga Guiguemde

Erratum To: Production of recombinant Entamoeba histolyticapyruvate phosphate dikinase and its application in a lateral flow dipstick test for amoebic liver abscess

Authors: Syazwan Saidin, Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Nor Dyana Zakaria, Khairunisak Abdul Razak, Lim Boon Huat, Nurulhasanah Othman and Rahmah Noordin

Cryptosporidium andersoni as a novel predominant Cryptosporidium species in outpatients with diarrhea in Jiangsu Province, China

Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum are usually considered to be the major pathogens responsible for human cryptosporidiosis. However, there have been few studies regarding the molecular epidemiology of Crypto...

Authors: Yanyan Jiang, Jinhua Ren, Zhongying Yuan, Aiqin Liu, Hong Zhao, Hua Liu, Lei Chu, Wei Pan, Jianping Cao, Yijin Lin and Yujuan Shen

Evaluation of real-time PCR assay to detect Schistosoma mansoni infections in a low endemic setting

Schistosomiasis constitutes a major public health problem, and 200 million people are estimated to be infected with schistosomiasis worldwide. In Brazil, schistosomiasis has been reported in 19 states, showing...

Authors: Maria Cristina Carvalho Espírito-Santo, Mónica Viviana Alvarado-Mora, Emmanuel Dias-Neto, Lívia Souza Botelho-Lima, João Paulo Moreira, Maria Amorim, Pedro Luiz Silva Pinto, Ashley R Heath, Vera Lúcia Pagliusi Castilho, Elenice Messias do Nascimento Gonçalves, Expedito José de Albuquerque Luna, Flair José Carrilho, João Renato Rebello Pinho and Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek

The distribution of incubation and relapse times in experimental human infections with the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax

The distributions of incubation and relapse periods are key components of infectious disease models for the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax; however, detailed distributions based upon experimental data are lack...

Authors: Andrew A Lover, Xiahong Zhao, Zheng Gao, Richard J Coker and Alex R Cook

Retinal changes in visceral leishmaniasis by retinal photography

In visceral leishmaniasis (VL), retinal changes have previously been noted but not described in detail and their clinical and pathological significance are unknown. A prospective observational study was undert...

Authors: Richard James Maude, BUM Wahid Ahmed, Abu Hayat Md Waliur Rahman, Ridwanur Rahman, Mohammed Ishaque Majumder, Darryl Braganza Menezes, Abdullah Abu Sayeed, Laura Hughes, Thomas J MacGillivray, Shyamanga Borooah, Baljean Dhillon, Arjen M Dondorp and Mohammad Abul Faiz

Evaluation of immuno-efficacy of a novel DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondiirhoptry protein 38 (TgROP38) against chronic toxoplasmosis in a murine model

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which can infect almost all mammalian animals, leading to toxoplasmosis. T. gondii rhoptry protein 38 (TgROP38) is an active rhoptry protein kinase which i...

Authors: Ying Xu, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Qi-Dong Tan, Jia Chen, Jing Lu, Qian-Ming Xu and Xing-Quan Zhu

An assessment of the impact of host polymorphisms on Plasmodium falciparum vargene expression patterns among Kenyan children

Host genotype accounts for a component of the variability in susceptibility to childhood Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, despite numerous examples of host polymorphisms associated with tolerance or resist...

Authors: George M Warimwe, Gregory Fegan, Esther W Kiragu, Jennifer N Musyoki, Alexander W Macharia, Kevin Marsh, Thomas N Williams and Peter C Bull

An antagonist of the retinoid X receptor reduces the viability of Trichuris muris in vitro

Trichuriasis is a parasitic disease caused by the human whipworm, Trichuris trichiura. It affects millions worldwide, particularly in the tropics. This nematode parasite burrows into the colonic epithelium result...

Authors: Rebecca JM Hurst, Thomas Hopwood, Amanda L Gallagher, Frederick A Partridge, Timothy Burgis, David B Sattelle and Kathryn J Else

Urinary cytokines in Schistosoma haematobium-infected schoolchildren from Tana Delta District of Kenya

Pathological changes due to infection with Schistosoma haematobium include cytokine-mediated urinary tract inflammation. The involved cytokines may be excreted in urine and their presence in urine may therefore r...

Authors: Kariuki H Njaanake, Paul E Simonsen, Birgitte J Vennervald, Dunstan A Mukoko, Claus M Reimert, Kimani Gachuhi, Walter G Jaoko and Benson B Estambale

A case of conventional treatment failure in visceral leishmaniasis: leukocyte distribution and cytokine expression in splenic compartments

In this paper we study the distribution of leukocyte populations and of cytokine-producing cells in the spleen of a patient with visceral leishmaniasis resistant to clinical treatment. It is the first attempt ...

Authors: Washington LC dos-Santos, Carla Pagliari, Lina G Santos, Valter A Almeida, Thiago LV e Silva, João de J Coutinho Jr., Tulio Souza, Maria IS Duarte, Luiz AR de Freitas and Carlos HN Costa

Medical treatment versus “Watch and Wait” in the clinical management of CE3b echinococcal cysts of the liver

Available treatments for uncomplicated hepatic cystic echinococcosis (CE) include surgery, medical therapy with albendazole (ABZ), percutaneous interventions and the watch-and-wait (WW) approach. Current guide...

Authors: Francesca Rinaldi, Annalisa De Silvestri, Francesca Tamarozzi, Federico Cattaneo, Raffaella Lissandrin and Enrico Brunetti

Genetic diversity of Schistosoma haematobium parasite IS NOT associated with severity of disease in an endemic area in Sudan

Over 650 million people globally are at risk of schistosomiasis infection, while more than 200 million people are infected of which the higher disease rates occur in children. Eighty three students between 6-2...

Authors: Nagla Gasmelseed, Nhashal E Karamino, Mohammed O Abdelwahed, Anas O Hamdoun and Ahmed E Elmadani

Leishmania amazonensis infection impairs dendritic cell migration from the inflammatory site to the draining lymph node

In vitro studies show that Leishmania infection decreases the adhesion of inflammatory phagocytes to connective tissue by a mechanism dependent on the modulation of integrin function. However, we know little abo...

Authors: Micely DR Hermida, Priscila G Doria, Angela MP Taguchi, José O Mengel and Washington LC dos-Santos

High frequency of kdr L1014F is associated with pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles coluzzii in Sudan savannah of northern Nigeria

Malaria burden is high in Nigeria, yet information on the major mosquito vectors is lacking especially in the Sudan savannah region of the country. In order to facilitate the design of future insecticide-based...

Authors: Sulaiman S Ibrahim, Yayo A Manu, Zainab Tukur, Helen Irving and Charles S Wondji

The extracellular matrix protein mindin as a novel adjuvant elicits stronger immune responses for rBAG1, rSRS4 and rSRS9 antigens of Toxoplasma gondiiin BALB/c mice

Vaccines are the most effective agents to control infections. However, recombinant vaccines often do not elicit strong immune responses. Protein antigens combined with proper adjuvants have been widely used to...

Authors: Xiaojing Sun, Mei Mei, Xu Zhang, Fusong Han, Boyin Jia, Xiaoyan Wei, Zhiguang Chang, Huijun Lu, Jigang Yin, Qijun Chen and Ning Jiang

Serological survey of Leishmaniainfection in blood donors in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil

Visceral Leishmaniasis is endemic to Brazil, where it is caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi). Following parasite inoculation, individuals may experience asymptomatic infection, raising the pos...

Authors: Kiyoshi F Fukutani, Virgínia Figueiredo, Fabiana S Celes, Juqueline R Cristal, Aldina Barral, Manoel Barral-Netto and Camila I de Oliveira

Effect of deworming on school-aged children’s physical fitness, cognition and clinical parameters in a malaria-helminth co-endemic area of Côte d’Ivoire

Malaria and helminth infections are thought to negatively affect children’s nutritional status and to impair their physical and cognitive development. Yet, the current evidence-base is weak. The purpose of thi...

Authors: Eveline Hürlimann, Clarisse A Houngbedji, Prisca B N’Dri, Dominique Bänninger, Jean T Coulibaly, Peiling Yap, Kigbafori D Silué, Eliézer K N’Goran, Giovanna Raso and Jürg Utzinger

False positive malaria rapid diagnostic test in returning traveler with typhoid fever

Rapid diagnostic tests play a pivotal role in the early diagnosis of malaria where microscopy or polymerase chain reaction are not immediately available.

Authors: Bonnie Meatherall, Keith Preston and Dylan R Pillai

Characterisation of inflammatory response, coagulation, and radiological findings in Katayama fever: a report of three cases at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria

Katayama fever is an acute clinical condition characterised by high fever, dry cough and general malaise occurring during early Schistosoma spp. infection. It is predominantly reported in travellers from non-ende...

Authors: Heimo Lagler, Cihan Ay, Fredrik Waneck, Rainer Gattringer, Wolfgang Graninger and Michael Ramharter

Assessment of laboratory methods used in the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis after maternal treatment with spiramycin in pregnancy

The different laboratory methods used in the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis have variable sensitivity and specificity. There is no evidence to prove that maternal treatment reduces the risk of fetal inf...

Authors: Isolina MX Rodrigues, Tatiane L Costa, Juliana B Avelar, Waldemar N Amaral, Ana M Castro and Mariza M Avelino

Oesophageal varices, schistosomiasis, and mortality among patients admitted with haematemesis in Mwanza, Tanzania: a prospective cohort study

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common cause of hospital admissions worldwide. Aetiologies vary by sociodemographics and geography. Retrospective studies of endoscopies in much of Africa have docum...

Authors: Awilly A Chofle, Hyasinta Jaka, Mheta Koy, Luke R Smart, Rodrick Kabangila, Fiona M Ewings, Humphrey D Mazigo, Warren D Johnson Jr, Daniel W Fitzgerald, Robert N Peck and Jennifer A Downs

Serum biomarkers predictive of cure in Chagas disease patients after nifurtimox treatment

Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, remains an important public health issue in many Central and South American countries, as well as non-endemic areas with high rates of immigration f...

Authors: Cynthia Santamaria, Eric Chatelain, Yves Jackson, Qianqian Miao, Brian J Ward, François Chappuis and Momar Ndao

Ameboma: an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding during severe leptospirosis

Severe leptospirosis occurs mainly in a tropical environment and includes icterus, acute renal failure and hemorrhages. These bleedings, which are mainly a consequence of acute homeostatic disturbances, can al...

Authors: Tristan Legris, Marie-Christine Jaffar-Bandjee, Olivier Favre, Nicole Lefrançois, Robert Genin, Claire Ragot, Carla Fernandez and Anne-Hélène Reboux

Recurrent wheezing is associated with intestinal protozoan infections in Warao Amerindian children in Venezuela: a cross-sectional survey

While in developed countries the prevalence of allergic diseases is rising, inflammatory diseases are relatively uncommon in rural developing areas. High prevalence rates of helminth and protozoan infections a...

Authors: Marcella MA Overeem, Lilly M Verhagen, Peter WM Hermans, Berenice del Nogal, Adriana Márquez Sánchez, Natacha Martinez Acevedo, Rosalicia Ramirez Murga, Jeroen Roelfsema, Elena Pinelli and Jacobus H de Waard

TGF beta and IL13 in schistosomiasis mansoni associated pulmonary arterial hypertension; a descriptive study with comparative groups

It is suggested that interleukin (IL)-13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta play a role in the pulmonary vascular changes found in animal models of schistosomiasis. The aim of this study was to assess a...

Authors: Rita de Cassia dos Santos Ferreira, Silvia Maria Lucena Montenegro, Ana Lucia Coutinho Domingues, Angela Pontes Bandeira, Carlos Antonio da Mota Silveira, Luiz Arthur Calheiros Leite, Clara de Almeida Pereira, Izolda Moura Fernandes, Alessandra Brainer Mertens and Milena Oliveira Almeida