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HIV and co-infections

Section edited by Carlo Torti and Andrea De Luca

This section aims to publish studies looking at all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of HIV and HIV-associated infections in humans, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. This section also aims to publish studies on the adverse events of HAART and non HIV-related comorbidities in the HAART era.

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  1. Content type: Research article

    HIV has the most serious effects in Sub-Saharan African countries as compared to countries in other parts of the world. As part of these countries, Ethiopia has been affected significantly by the disease, and ...

    Authors: Awoke Seyoum Tegegne, Principal Ndlovu and Temesgen Zewotir

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:197

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  2. Content type: Research article

    Efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are preferred for treatment of adult HIV-positive patients co-infected with tuberculosis (HIV/TB). Few studies have compared outcomes among HIV/TB patients...

    Authors: Yanink Caro-Vega, Anna Schultze, Anne Marie W. Efsen, Frank A. Post, Alexander Panteleev, Aliaksandr Skrahin, Jose M. Miro, Enrico Girardi, Daria N. Podlekareva, Jens D. Lundgren, Juan Sierra-Madero, Javier Toibaro, Jaime Andrade-Villanueva, Simona Tetradov, Jan Fehr, Joan Caylà…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:191

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  3. Content type: Research article

    To evaluate the predictive value of analytical markers of full blood count that can be assessed in the emergency department for HIV infected patients, with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

    Authors: S. Camon, C. Quiros, N. Saubi, A. Moreno, M. A. Marcos, Y. Eto, S. Rofael, E. Monclus, J. Brown, T. D. McHugh, J. Mallolas and R. Perello

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:189

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  4. Content type: Research article

    The use of new types of drugs has become more common among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of the use of new types of drugs, such as methamphetamine, ketamin...

    Authors: Lin He, Xiaohong Pan, Ning Wang, Jiezhe Yang, Jun Jiang, Yan Luo, Xingliang Zhang and Xiting Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:182

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  5. Content type: Research article

    Context-specific factors influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant women living with HIV. Gaps exist in the understanding of the reasons for the variable outcomes of the prevention of ...

    Authors: Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Anthony Idowu Ajayi, Daniel Ter Goon, Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi, Alfred Eboh and John Lambert

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:175

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  6. Content type: Research article

    Little is known about the utility of transient elastography (TE) for assessing the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC).

    Authors: Leire Pérez-Latorre, Matilde Sánchez-Conde, Pilar Miralles, Juan Carlos López, Francisco Parras, Francisco Tejerina, Teresa Aldámiz-Echevarría, Ana Carrero, Cristina Díez, Margarita Ramírez, Isabel Gutiérrez, José María Bellón, Rafael Bañares and Juan Berenguer

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:170

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  7. Content type: Research article

    Little is known about the clinical presentation and outcomes amongst older HIV infected populations accessing ART in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared mortality amongst HIV infected patients accessing ART that w...

    Authors: Halima Dawood, Razia Hassan-Moosa, Nonhlanhla-Yende Zuma and Kogieleum Naidoo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:168

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  8. Content type: Research article

    In West and Central Africa areas of endemic Loa loa infections overlap with regions of high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. Because individuals in this region are exposed to ...

    Authors: Ghislain Donald Njambe Priso, Abel Lissom, Loveline N. NGU, Nadesh N. Nji, Jules Colince Tchadji, Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu, Georgia E. Ambada, Carole Stéphanie Sake Ngane, Brigitte Laure Dafeu, Larissa Djukouo, Inès Nyebe, Suzanne Magagoum, Apeh Alfred Ngoh, Ouambo Fotso Herve, Rosario Garcia, Anna Gutiérrez…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:160

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  9. Content type: Research article

    China faces a serious HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM), and a large proportion of new infections are attributed to their regular male sex partners (RP). The objective of this study was to inv...

    Authors: Juan He, Hui-fang Xu, Wei-bin Cheng, Sheng-jie Zhang, Jing Gu, Yuan-tao Hao and Chun Hao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:150

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  10. Content type: Research article

    While antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability for HIV patients has increased dramatically in Uganda, patient linkage to and retention in care remains a challenge. We assessed patterns of engagement in care i...

    Authors: Caroline E. Boeke, Vennie Nabitaka, Andrea Rowan, Katherine Guerra, Arnold Kabbale, Barbara Asire, Eleanor Magongo, Pamela Nawaggi, Vivienne Mulema, Betty Mirembe, Victor Bigira, Andrew Musoke and Cordelia Katureebe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:138

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  11. Content type: Research article

    The introduction of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has provided unprecedented opportunities for uninsured people with HIV infection to access health insurance, and to examine the impact of this change in access...

    Authors: Renae Furl, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, Elizabeth Lyden and Susan Swindells

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:132

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  12. Content type: Research article

    Condom use and antiretroviral therapy (ART) are effective means to prevent and control HIV transmission. We aimed to assess the effect of condom use in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV inci...

    Authors: Lili Tao, Min Liu, Shuming Li, Jue Liu and Ning Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:124

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  13. Content type: Research article

    Syphilis is a global health concern disproportionately affecting HIV-infected populations. In Alberta, Canada, the incidence of syphilis in the general population has recently doubled with 25% of these infecti...

    Authors: Raynell Lang, Ron Read, Hartmut B. Krentz, Soheil Ramazani, Mingkai Peng, Jennifer Gratrix and M. John Gill

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:125

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  14. Content type: Research article

    Non-adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is one of the factors for treatment failure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in developing countries. The main objective of ...

    Authors: Awoke Seyoum Tegegne, Principal Ndlovu and Temesgen Zewotir

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:83

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  15. Content type: Research article

    The exponential growth in the reach and development of new technologies over the past decade means that mobile technologies and social media play an increasingly important role in service delivery models to ma...

    Authors: Julianita Purnomo, Katherine Coote, Limin Mao, Ling Fan, Julian Gold, Raghib Ahmad and Lei Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:82

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  16. Content type: Research article

    Natural killer (NK) cells play cytotoxic roles by targeting tumor cells or virus infected cells, they also play regulatory roles by secreting cytokines and chemokines. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and in...

    Authors: Yongjun Jiang, Mei Yang, Xiaojuan Sun, Xi Chen, Meichen Ma, Xiaowan Yin, Shi Qian, Zining Zhang, Yajing Fu, Jing Liu, Xiaoxu Han, Junjie Xu and Hong Shang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:80

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  17. Content type: Study protocol

    The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends viral load (VL) measurement as the preferred monitoring strategy for HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings. The ne...

    Authors: Alain Amstutz, Bienvenu Lengo Nsakala, Fiona Vanobberghen, Josephine Muhairwe, Tracy Renée Glass, Beatrice Achieng, Mamorena Sepeka, Katleho Tlali, Lebohang Sao, Kyaw Thin, Thomas Klimkait, Manuel Battegay and Niklaus Daniel Labhardt

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:76

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  18. Content type: Research article

    Previous studies have shown that the increased coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) could reduce the community viral load (CVL) and reduce the occurrence of new HIV infections. However, the impact on the r...

    Authors: Lin He, Jiezhe Yang, Qiaoqin Ma, Jiafeng Zhang, Yun Xu, Yan Xia, Wanjun Chen, Hui Wang, Jinlei Zheng, Jun Jiang, Yan Luo, Ke Xu, Xingliang Zhang, Shichang Xia and Xiaohong Pan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:62

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  19. Content type: Research article

    Early presentation for HIV care is vital as an initial tread in the UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets. However, late presentation for HIV care (LP) challenges achieving the targets. This study assessed the prevalence, t...

    Authors: Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Paul Ward, Kifle Woldemichael and Lillian Mwanri

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:59

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  20. Content type: Research article

    With over 1 million HIV-related deaths annually, quality end-of-life care remains a priority. Given strong public preference for home death, place of death is an important consideration for quality care. This ...

    Authors: Richard Harding, Stefano Marchetti, Bregje D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Donna M. Wilson, Miguel Ruiz-Ramos, Maria Cardenas-Turanzas, YongJoo Rhee, Lucas Morin, Katherine Hunt, Joan Teno, Cecilia Hakanson, Dirk Houttekier, Luc Deliens and Joachim Cohen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:55

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  21. Content type: Case report

    The majority of people living with HIV require antiretroviral therapy (ART) for controlling viral replication, however there are rare HIV controllers who spontaneously and durably control HIV in the absence of...

    Authors: Yumna Moosa, Ramla F. Tanko, Veron Ramsuran, Ravesh Singh, Mashudu Madzivhandila, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Melissa-Rose Abrahams, Philippe Selhorst, Kamini Gounder, Penny L. Moore, Carolyn Williamson, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Nigel J. Garrett and Wendy A. Burgers

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:54

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  22. Content type: Research article

    Anemia is common among people living with HIV infection and is frequently associated with poor quality of life and poor prognosis. It has been well described in antiretroviral naïve individuals and those on no...

    Authors: McNeil Ngongondo, Nora E. Rosenberg, Christopher C. Stanley, Robertino Lim, Dennis Ongubo, Richard Broadhurst, Colin Speight, Robert Flick, Petros Tembo and Mina C. Hosseinpour

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:39

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  23. Content type: Research article

    Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-infected patients has been associated with lipodystrophy, metabolic abnormalities, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Ultrasound measures of carotid ...

    Authors: Maria Teresa Beires, André Silva-Pinto, Ana Cristina Santos, António José Madureira, Jorge Pereira, Davide Carvalho, António Sarmento and Paula Freitas

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:32

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  24. Content type: Research article

    A new model of care is required to meet the changing needs of people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly in low and middle-income countries, where prevalence is highest. We evaluated a palliative care interve...

    Authors: Keira Lowther, Richard Harding, Victoria Simms, Aabid Ahmed, Zipporah Ali, Nancy Gikaara, Lorraine Sherr, Hellen Kariuki, Irene J. Higginson and Lucy Ellen Selman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:27

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  25. Content type: Research article

    Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a major problem in HIV infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) with circulating...

    Authors: Mario Luca Morieri, Viola Guardigni, Juana Maria Sanz, Edoardo Dalla Nora, Cecilia Soavi, Giovanni Zuliani, Laura Sighinolfi and Angelina Passaro

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:10

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  26. Content type: Case report

    Individuals lacking immune recovery during suppressive cART will still represent a clinical issue in the years to come, given the high proportion of HIV-infected subjects introducing therapy late in the course...

    Authors: Camilla Tincati, Esther Merlini, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte and Giulia Marchetti

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:8

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  27. Content type: Research article

    Newly diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are an important subgroup in HIV intervention. How newly diagnosed HIV-positive MSM look at HIV/AIDS is consequential and is potentially associated ...

    Authors: Xiaobing Wu, Joseph T. F. Lau, Winnie W. S. Mak, Jing Gu, Phoenix K. H. Mo and Xiaodong Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:2

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  28. Content type: Research article

    The HIV-1 DNA reservoir is an important marker that reflects viro-immunological status and can be affected by multiple viral or cellular factors. Determining the potential factors associated with the size of t...

    Authors: Yongsong Yue, Nidan Wang, Yang Han, Ting Zhu, Jing Xie, Zhifeng Qiu, Xiaojing Song, Yanling Li, Jean-Pierre Routy, Jianhua Wang and Taisheng Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:771

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  29. Content type: Research article

    The outbreak of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in 2014 led to massive dropouts in HIV care in Guinea. Meanwhile, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) was implementing a six-monthly appointment spacing approach adapte...

    Authors: Cavin Epie Bekolo, Abdourahimi Diallo, Mit Philips, Joseph-Desire Yuma, Letizia Di Stefano, Stéphanie Drèze, Jerome Mouton, Youssouf Koita and Ousseni W. Tiomtore

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:766

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  30. Content type: Research article

    According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, which have also been adopted by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), India, Efavirenz-based Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) is better in Human-I...

    Authors: Sanjeev Sinha, Kartik Gupta, Srikanth Tripathy, Sahajal Dhooria, Sanjay Ranjan and R. M. Pandey

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:761

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  31. Content type: Research article

    There is today no gold standard method to accurately define the time passed since infection at HIV diagnosis. Infection timing and incidence measurement is however essential to better monitor the dynamics of l...

    Authors: Chris Verhofstede, Katrien Fransen, Annelies Van Den Heuvel, Kristel Van Laethem, Jean Ruelle, Ellen Vancutsem, Karolien Stoffels, Sigi Van den Wijngaert, Marie-Luce Delforge, Dolores Vaira, Laura Hebberecht, Marlies Schauvliege, Virginie Mortier, Kenny Dauwe and Steven Callens

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:738

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  32. Content type: Research article

    Before Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) was officially recommended and made available, a few surveys among gay and bisexual men, and persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), identified an informal use of antiretro...

    Authors: Antonio Palummieri, Gabriella De Carli, Éric Rosenthal, Patrice Cacoub, Cristina Mussini and Vincenzo Puro

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:734

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  33. Content type: Research article

    Knowledge of HIV status can be important in reducing the risk of HIV exposure. In a European sample of men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM), we aimed to identify factors associated with HIV serostatus disclosure to...

    Authors: Ulrich Marcus, Susanne Barbara Schink, Nigel Sherriff, Anna-Marie Jones, Lorenzo Gios, Cinta Folch, Torsten Berglund, Christiana Nöstlinger, Marta Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik, Sonia F. Dias, Ana F. Gama, Emilia Naseva, Ivailo Alexiev, Danica Staneková, Igor Toskin, Daniela Pitigoi…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:730

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  34. Content type: Research article

    Switch strategies based on rilpivirine/tenofovir/emtricitabine or on an integrase inhibitor (InSTI) plus tenofovir/emtricitabine have never been compared in randomized clinical trials. The main aim of the stud...

    Authors: Nicola Gianotti, Andrea Poli, Silvia Nozza, Laura Galli, Nadia Galizzi, Marco Ripa, Marco Merli, Alessia Carbone, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Adriano Lazzarin and Antonella Castagna

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:723

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  35. Content type: Research article

    There is ongoing controversy regarding abacavir use in the treatment of HIV infection and the risk of subsequent development of cardiovascular disease. It is unclear how the risk varies as exposure accumulates.

    Authors: Kunchok Dorjee, Sanjiv M. Baxi, Arthur L. Reingold and Alan Hubbard

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:708

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Early HIV diagnosis and initiation onto antiretroviral therapy may prevent ongoing spread of HIV. Risk Tracing Snowball Approach (RTSA) has been shown to be effective in detecting new HIV cases in other settin...

    Authors: Srean Chhim, John Macom, Chettana Pav, Nirada Nim, Phearun Yun, Sopheap Seng, Kolab Chhim, Sovannary Tuot and Siyan Yi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:689

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  37. Content type: Research article

    Enterocytozoon bieneusi has been increasingly reported to infect humans and various mammals. Microsporidia cause diarrhea in HIV-infected patients worldwide. PCR amplification and sequ...

    Authors: Hua Liu, Zhihua Jiang, Zhongying Yuan, Jianhai Yin, Zunfu Wang, Bingxue Yu, Dongsheng Zhou, Yujuan Shen and Jianping Cao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:684

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  39. Content type: Research article

    Despite young people being a key population for HIV prevention, the HIV epidemic amongst young Brazilians is perceived to be growing. We therefore reviewed all published literature on HIV prevalence and risk f...

    Authors: Igor Pedrosa Saffier, Hélia Kawa and Guy Harling

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:675

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  40. Content type: Research article

    There is limited information on patterns of treatment change among new initiators of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the regions most affected by HIV/AIDS. This makes it difficult to identify t...

    Authors: Daniel N. A. Ankrah, Margaret Lartey, Aukje K. Mantel-Teeuwisse and Hubert G. M. Leufkens

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:664

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  41. Content type: Research article

    Dolutegravir (DTG) plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) is a simple combination of drugs that has the best genetic barrier to HIV-1 resistance and may be fit for salvage therapy.

    Authors: Amedeo F. Capetti, Maria Vittoria Cossu, Giancarlo Orofino, Gaetana Sterrantino, Giovanni Cenderello, Giuseppe V. De Socio, Anna Maria Cattelan, Alessandro Soria, Stefano Rusconi, Niccolò Riccardi, Gian Maria Baldin, Fosca P. Niero, Giorgio Barbarini and Giuliano Rizzardini

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:658

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  42. Content type: Research article

    Accurately identifying individuals who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important to determine ART coverage and proportion on ART who are virally suppressed. ART is also included in recent infection test...

    Authors: Helena Huerga, Fisseha Shiferie, Eduard Grebe, Ruggero Giuliani, Jihane Ben Farhat, Gilles Van-Cutsem and Karen Cohen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:653

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  43. Content type: Case report

    Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon systemic inflammatory condition that can result from infections, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. It is a rarely reported life threatening complicat...

    Authors: Farheen Manji, Evan Wilson, Etienne Mahe, John Gill and John Conly

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:633

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  44. Content type: Research article

    Dolutegravir (DTG) is metabolized mainly by uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), and partly by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). Therefore, we focused on UGT1A1 gene polymorphisms (*6 and *28...

    Authors: Hiroki Yagura, Dai Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kushida, Kosuke Tomishima, Hiroaki Togami, Atsushi Hirano, Masaaki Takahashi, Kazuyuki Hirota, Motoko Ikuma, Daisuke Kasai, Yasuharu Nishida, Munehiro Yoshino, Kunio Yamazaki, Tomoko Uehira and Takuma Shirasaka

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:622

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  45. Content type: Research article

    The clinical care of people living with HIV changed fundamentally as a result of the development of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV infection is now a long-term treatable condition. We report a nat...

    Authors: A. Molloy, H. Curtis, F. Burns and A. Freedman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:619

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  46. Content type: Study protocol

    With potent antiretroviral drugs, HIV infection is becoming a chronic disease. Emergence of comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a leading concern for patients living with the in...

    Authors: Madeleine Durand, Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre, Jean-Guy Baril, Sylvie Trottier, Benoit Trottier, Marianne Harris, Sharon Walmsley, Brian Conway, Alexander Wong, Jean-Pierre Routy, Colin Kovacs, Paul A. MacPherson, Kenneth Marc Monteith, Samer Mansour, George Thanassoulis, Michal Abrahamowicz…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:611

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  47. Content type: Research article

    Little is known regarding the restoration of the specific immune response after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and anti-tuberculosis (TB) therapy introduction among TB-HIV patients. In this study, we e...

    Authors: Tatiana Pereira da Silva, Carmem Beatriz Wagner Giacoia-Gripp, Carolina A. Schmaltz, Flavia Marinho Sant’Anna, Maria Helena Saad, Juliana Arruda de Matos, Julio Castro Alves de Lima e Silva, Valeria Cavalcanti Rolla and Mariza Gonçalves Morgado

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:606

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  48. Content type: Research article

    We describe the accumulation of HIV-1 drug resistance and its effect on the activity of next-line components in patients with virological failure (HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/mL) after 1 year (t1) of first-line ant...

    Authors: Andrea De Luca, Zita Jorge Sidumo, Giacomo Zanelli, Noorjehan Abdul Magid, Richard Luhanga, Davide Brambilla, Giuseppe Liotta, Sandro Mancinelli, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Leonardo Palombi and Susanna Ceffa

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:605

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  49. Content type: Review

    Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients is life-long because it only suppresses de novo infections. Recent efforts to eliminate HIV have tested the abilit...

    Authors: Kristian Thorlund, Marc S. Horwitz, Brian T. Fife, Richard Lester and D. William Cameron

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:595

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  50. Content type: Research article

    Persistent residual viremia (RV) and low grade inflammation and immune activation have been associated with non-AIDS defining events. The impact of persistent RV and HIV-DNA load on immune activation/inflammat...

    Authors: Francesca Falasca, Daniele Di Carlo, Corrado De Vito, Isabella Bon, Gabriella d’Ettorre, Alessandra Fantauzzi, Ivano Mezzaroma, Caterina Fimiani, Maria Carla Re, Vincenzo Vullo, Guido Antonelli and Ombretta Turriziani

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:581

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