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HIV and co-infections

Section edited by Carlo Torti and Andrea De Luca

This section aims to publish studies looking at all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of HIV and HIV-associated infections in humans, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. This section also aims to publish studies on the adverse events of HAART and non HIV-related comorbidities in the HAART era.

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  2. Content type: Research article

    HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains prevalent in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The prevalence of HAND in Hong Kong is not known.

    Authors: Fiona C.C. Chan, Phillip Chan, Iris Chan, Andrew Chan, Tommy H. C. Tang, Wilson Lam, W. C. Fong, M. P. Lee, Patrick Li and Germaine H. F. Chan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:156

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  3. Content type: Research article

    Access to qualitative HIV PCRs for early infant diagnosis (EID) is restricted in resource-limited settings due to cost. We hypothesised that pooling of dried blood spots (DBS), defined as combining multiple pa...

    Authors: Cari van Schalkwyk, Jean Maritz, Gert U. van Zyl, Wolfgang Preiser and Alex Welte

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:136

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  4. Content type: Research article

    HIV-2 infection is characterised by a longer asymptomatic phase and slower AIDS progression than HIV-1 infection. Identifying unique immune signatures associated with HIV-2 pathogenesis may thus provide therap...

    Authors: Sukeshani Salwe, Amitkumar Singh, Varsha Padwal, Shilpa Velhal, Vidya Nagar, Priya Patil, Alaka Deshpande and Vainav Patel

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:135

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  5. Content type: Research article

    Lost to follow-up (LTFU) negatively affects the treatment success of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) and thus, increases Tuberculosis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (TB/HIV) related morbidity, mortality and hospit...

    Authors: Kebede Embaye Gezae, Haftom Temesgen Abebe and Letekirstos Gebreegziabher Gebretsadik

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:107

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  6. Content type: Research article

    The correlation among high levels of total homocysteine, low levels of B12vitamin, and neurocognitive impairment in HIV negative patients has been the main research topic in some of the latest reviews. The aim of...

    Authors: Katia Falasca, Marta Di Nicola, Giuseppe Di Martino, Claudio Ucciferri, Francesca Vignale, Alessandro Occhionero and Jacopo Vecchiet

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:105

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  7. Content type: Research article

    The roll out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Sub-Saharan Africa led to a decrease in mortality. Few studies have documented the causes of deaths among patients on long term antiretroviral therapy in Sub-Sah...

    Authors: Agnes N. Kiragga, Frank Mubiru, Andrew D. Kambugu, Moses R. Kamya and Barbara Castelnuovo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:77

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  8. Content type: Research article

    Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programmes have substantially reduced HIV infections among infants in Yunnan Province, China. We conducted a macro-level economic evaluation of Yunnan’...

    Authors: Xiaowen Wang, Guangping Guo, Jiarui Zheng and Lin Lu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:64

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  9. Content type: Research article

    Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals in Sub Saharan Africa including Tanzania. Provision of isoniazid pre...

    Authors: Amon Sabasaba, Henry Mwambi, Geoffrey Somi, Angella Ramadhani and Michael J. Mahande

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:62

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  10. Content type: Research article

    Direct comparisons between lamivudine plus bPIs and lamivudine plus dolutegravir as maintenance strategies in virologically-suppressed HIV positive patients are lacking.

    Authors: Alberto Borghetti, Francesca Lombardi, Roberta Gagliardini, Gianmaria Baldin, Arturo Ciccullo, Davide Moschese, Arianna Emiliozzi, Simone Belmonti, Silvia Lamonica, Francesca Montagnani, Elena Visconti, Andrea De Luca and Simona Di Giambenedetto

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:59

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  11. Content type: Research article

    The mechanism behind HIV mediated immune activation remains debated, although the role of virus replication in this process is increasingly evident. Toll like Receptor 9 (TLR9) has been implicated in HIV media...

    Authors: Anjali Joshi, Erin B. Punke, Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz, Diego P. Peralta and Himanshu Garg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:56

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  12. Content type: Research article

    HIV transmission remains a major concern in Eastern Europe, and too many people are diagnosed late. Expanded testing strategies and early and appropriate access to care are required. Infectious disease departm...

    Authors: Raimonda Matulionytė, Kęstutis Žagminas, Eglė Balčiūnaitė, Elžbieta Matulytė, Rasutė Paulauskienė, Almina Bajoriūnienė and Arvydas Ambrozaitis

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:21

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  13. Content type: Research article

    Circulating interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentration may be sustained at a high level regardless of the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in some patients with HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we exam...

    Authors: Dai Watanabe, Tomoko Uehira, Sachiko Suzuki, Erina Matsumoto, Takashi Ueji, Kazuyuki Hirota, Rumi Minami, Soichiro Takahama, Kimikazu Hayashi, Morio Sawamura, Masahiro Yamamoto and Takuma Shirasaka

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:11

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  14. Content type: Research article

    To achieve the ambitious 90–90-90 UNAIDS targets, access to routine viral load (VL) is critical. To measure VL, Rwanda has relied on a national reference laboratory for years. In 2014, a VL testing platform wa...

    Authors: Jean de Dieu Ndagijimana Ntwali, Tom Decroo, Muhayimpundu Ribakare, Athanase Kiromera, Placidie Mugwaneza, Sabin Nsanzimana and Lutgarde Lynen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:8

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  15. Content type: Research article

    Sexually transmitted infections, such as HIV and syphilis, are one of the major health care problems worldwide, especially in low- and middle income countries. HIV screening programmes have been widely used fo...

    Authors: Annelies Van Den Heuvel, Hilde Smet, Irena Prat, Anita Sands, Willy Urassa, Katrien Fransen and Tania Crucitti

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1

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  16. Content type: Research article

    Effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved life expectancy among people living with HIV-1 infection. Treated HIV-1infection increases the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS). Despite sub-S...

    Authors: Titus F. Msoka, Gary P. Van Guilder, Yvo M. Smulders, Marceline van Furth, John A. Bartlett and Michiel A. van Agtmael

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:708

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  17. Content type: Case report

    Those infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of opportunistic infections. The risk is related to the level of immunosuppression. We report a case of a young male with the unusual sce...

    Authors: Deving Arias Ramos, John Alexander Alzate, Jhon Alejandro Rico Gallego and Natalia Acevedo Escalante

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:704

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  18. Content type: Research article

    China has made substantial progress in tackling its HIV and AIDS epidemic. But the changing patterns of HIV and AIDS incidence based on the longitudinal observation data were rarely studied.

    Authors: Zhenqiu Liu, Oumin Shi, Qiong Yan, Qiwen Fang, Jialu Zuo, Yue Chen, Xingdong Chen and Tiejun Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:700

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  19. Content type: Case report

    Highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly changed the natural history of HIV infection, leading to a dramatic reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Late Presenters, Very Late Presenter...

    Authors: Andrea Marino, Eleonora Caltabiano, Aldo Zagami, Anna Onorante, Carmela Zappalà, Maria Elena Locatelli, Alessio Pampaloni, Daniele Scuderi, Roberto Bruno and Bruno Cacopardo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:693

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  20. Content type: Research article

    This longitudinal study described Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA, Epstein-Barr (EBV) DNA and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA asymptomatic salivary shedding in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed ...

    Authors: Monica Basso, Samantha Andreis, Renzo Scaggiante, Elisa Franchin, Daniela Zago, Maria Angela Biasolo, Claudia Del Vecchio, Carlo Mengoli, Loredana Sarmati, Massimo Andreoni, Giorgio Palù and Saverio Giuseppe Parisi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:683

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  21. Content type: Research article

    The widespread use of an effective and safe vaccine to measles has substantially decreased morbidity and mortality from this epidemic. Nevertheless, HIV-infected children vaccinated against measles may develop...

    Authors: Houda Haban, Soumia Benchekroun, Mina Sadeq, Latifa Tajounte, Hinda Jama Ahmed, Abdelaziz Benjouad, Said Amzazi, Hicham Oumzil and Elmir Elharti

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:680

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  22. Content type: Research article

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) are the double burden diseases of the world. The African continent takes a great share of TB-HIV cases worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the ...

    Authors: Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, Negasi Asres, Hailay Gebreyesus and Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:676

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  23. Content type: Research article

    In Southeast Asia, though fishermen are known to be a key population at high risk of HIV, little is known about their co-infection rates with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), or how illness and risk behaviors vary by ...

    Authors: Janet Ousley, Robin Nesbitt, Nang Thu Thu Kyaw, Elkin Bermudez, Kyi Pyar Soe, Rey Anicete, Phyu Ei Mon, Win Le Shwe Sin Ei, Susannah Christofani, Marcelo Fernandez and Iza Ciglenecki

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:657

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  24. Content type: Research article

    Geographic differences in HIV, syphilis and condomless sex among men who have sex with men in China remained unknown. We aimed to elucidate these spatiotemporal changing patterns in China.

    Authors: Rong Fu, Jinkou Zhao, Dan Wu, Xiayan Zhang, Joseph D. Tucker, Meiwen Zhang and Weiming Tang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:652

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  25. Content type: Research article

    Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of HIV infection. However, there are only few data on HIV prevalence in MSM in Japan. The objective of this study was to explore the HIV prevalence in MSM at Sh...

    Authors: Misao Takano, Kohta Iwahashi, Ikuo Satoh, Junko Araki, Takuya Kinami, Yuzuru Ikushima, Toshiya Fukuhara, Hiroo Obinata, Yasuyo Nakayama, Yoshimi Kikuchi and Shinichi Oka

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:627

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  26. Content type: Research article

    The HIV-Brazil Cohort Study (HIV-BCS) is a research primarily based on data collection from medical records of people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. The aim of this study was to present the validating design ...

    Authors: Alex Jones Flores Cassenote, Alexandre Grangeiro, Maria Mercedes Escuder, Jair Minoro Abe and Aluísio Augusto Cotrim Segurado

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:617

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  27. Content type: Research article

    Despite persistent calls for HIV care to adopt a chronic care approach, few HIV treatment services have been able to establish service arrangements that prioritise self-management. To prevent cardiovascular an...

    Authors: Tanya Millard, Sarity Dodson, Karalyn McDonald, Karen M. Klassen, Richard H. Osborne, Malcolm W. Battersby, Christopher K. Fairley and Julian H. Elliott

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:615

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  28. Content type: Research article

    The new HIV treatment guidelines in China recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with HIV, but significant gaps in implementation still exist. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can effectiv...

    Authors: Jinghua Li, Liping Peng, Stuart Gilmour, Jing Gu, Yuhua Ruan, Huachun Zou, Chun Hao, Yuantao Hao and Joseph Tak-fai Lau

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:600

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  29. Content type: Research article

    Despite substantial advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the last decades, non-adherence (NA) continues to be a major challenge in the real-life treatment. To meet...

    Authors: Sabrina Mueller, Thomas Wilke, Vanessa Gorasso, Marc Erhart and Jens M. Kittner

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:599

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  30. Content type: Research article

    In most developing economies particularly in Africa, more people are likely to die of HIV/AIDS and malaria compared to other diseases. HIV/AIDS tends to be superimposed on the long standing malaria burden part...

    Authors: Isaiah Gwitira, Amon Murwira, Joseph Mberikunashe and Mhosisi Masocha

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:598

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  31. Content type: Research article

    High retention (follow-up) rates improve the validity and statistical power of outcomes in longitudinal studies and the effectiveness of programs with prolonged administration of interventions. We assessed par...

    Authors: Noah Kiwanuka, Juliet Mpendo, Stephen Asiimwe, Julius Ssempiira, Annet Nalutaaya, Betty Nambuusi, Mathias Wambuzi, Brian Kabuubi, Annemarie Namuniina, Frederick Oporia, Annet Nanvubya and Ali Ssetaala

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:591

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  32. Content type: Research article

    With the expansion of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) services in Senegal, there is growing interest in using PMTCT program data in lieu of conducting unlinked anonymous testing (UAT)-based ...

    Authors: Ousmane Diouf, Astou Gueye-Gaye, Moussa Sarr, Abdou Salam Mbengue, Christopher S. Murrill, Jacob Dee, Papa Ousmane Diaw, Ndeye Fatou Ngom-Faye, Pape Amadou Niang Diallo, Carlos Suarez, Massaer Gueye, Aminata Mboup, Coumba Toure-Kane and Souleymane Mboup

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:588

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  33. Content type: Research article

    Schistosoma mansoni infection has been associated with increased risk of HIV transmission in African women. This association might be causal or mediated through shared socio-behavioural factors and associated co-...

    Authors: Sergey Yegorov, Ronald M. Galiwango, Sara V. Good, Juliet Mpendo, Egbert Tannich, Andrea K. Boggild, Noah Kiwanuka, Bernard S. Bagaya and Rupert Kaul

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:586

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  34. Content type: Research article

    Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission in high risk individuals. However, the effectiveness of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis is highly dependent on...

    Authors: David Sidebottom, Anna Mia Ekström and Susanne Strömdahl

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:581

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  35. Content type: Research article

    To investigate the associations between the perceived barriers and benefits of using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis medication, including worries about the side effects, disliking taking drugs, perceived burden ...

    Authors: Ying Hu, Xiao-ni Zhong, Bin Peng, Yan Zhang, Hao Liang, Jiang-hong Dai, Ju-ying Zhang and Ai-long Huang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:575

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  36. Content type: Research article

    HIV/AIDS patients who fail to respond to first-line treatment protocols are switched to second-line ART. Identifying factors that influence effective second-line treatment can improve utilization of limited me...

    Authors: Junli Chen, Min Zhang, Mingquan Shang, Weiwei Yang, Zhe Wang and Hong Shang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:571

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  37. Content type: Research article

    Viral load (VL) testing is being scaled up in resource-limited settings. However, not all commercially available VL testing methods have been evaluated under field conditions. This study is one of a few to eva...

    Authors: Bernhard Kerschberger, Qhubekani Mpala, Paola Andrea Díaz Uribe, Gugu Maphalala, Roberto de la Tour, Sydney Kalombola, Addis Bekele, Tiwonge Chawinga, Mukelo Mliba, Nombuso Ntshalintshali, Nomcebo Phugwayo, Serge Mathurin Kabore, Javier Goiri, Sindisiwe Dlamini, Iza Ciglenecki and Emmanuel Fajardo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:570

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  38. Content type: Research article

    Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) has lowered the incidence of paediatric HIV globally. The risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) remains high in Africa, where there is a high pre...

    Authors: Mariama Mustapha, Victor Musiime, Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka, Joseph Rujumba and Nicolette Nabukeera-Barungi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:566

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  39. Content type: Research article

    Although HIV prevalence in Cambodia has declined to 0.6% among the general population, the prevalence remains high among female sex workers (14.0%) and men who have sex with men (2.3%). Over the past 10 years,...

    Authors: Heng Sopheab, Chhorvann Chhea, Sovannary Tuot and Jonathan A. Muir

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:562

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  40. Content type: Research article

    Nevirapine has been used as antiretroviral agent since early ‘90. Although nevirapine is not currently recommended in initial anti-HIV regimens, its use remains consistent in a certain number of HIV-1-positive...

    Authors: Andrea Giacomelli, Agostino Riva, Felicia Stefania Falvella, Maria Letizia Oreni, Dario Cattaneo, Stefania Cheli, Giulia Renisi, Valentina Di Cristo, Angelica Lupo, Emilio Clementi, Stefano Rusconi, Massimo Galli and Anna Lisa Ridolfo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:556

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  41. Content type: Case report

    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation with neurological involvement in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is increasingly rare since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Manifest...

    Authors: Pedro Palma, Andreia Costa, Raquel Duro, Nélia Neves, Cândida Abreu and António Sarmento

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:554

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  42. Content type: Research article

    Increasing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is critical for HIV control. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction between social norms and self-efficacy on HIV testing among Chinese men who have ...

    Authors: Peizhen Zhao, Li Liu, Ye Zhang, Huanhuan Cheng, Bolin Cao, Chuncheng Liu, Cheng Wang, Bin Yang, Chongyi Wei, Joseph D. Tucker and Weiming Tang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:541

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  43. Content type: Research article

    Patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) often have their TB and HIV managed in separate vertical programs that offer care for each disease with little coordination. Such “siloed” approaches are associat...

    Authors: Michael E Herce, Jill Morse, Dora Luhanga, Jennifer Harris, Helene J Smith, Stable Besa, Graham Samungole, Nzali Kancheya, Monde Muyoyeta and Stewart E Reid

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:536

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  44. Content type: Research article

    Lifelong antiretroviral therapy for HIV infected pregnant and lactating women (Option B+) has been rapidly scaled up but there are concerns about poor retention of women initiating treatment. However, facility...

    Authors: George Kiwanuka, Noah Kiwanuka, Fiston Muneza, Juliet Nabirye, Frederick Oporia, Magdalene A. Odikro, Barbara Castelnuovo and Rhoda K. Wanyenze

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:533

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  45. Content type: Study protocol

    Among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK, an estimated 28% have never tested for HIV and only 27% of those at higher risk test at least every 6 months. HIV self-testing (HIVST), where the person takes t...

    Authors: Michelle M. Gabriel, David T. Dunn, Andrew Speakman, Leanne McCabe, Denise Ward, T. Charles Witzel, Justin Harbottle, Simon Collins, Mitzy Gafos, Fiona M. Burns, Fiona C. Lampe, Peter Weatherburn, Andrew Phillips, Sheena McCormack and Alison J. Rodger

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:531

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  46. Content type: Case report

    Cryptococcal meningitis remains the leading cause of adult meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) following anti-retroviral therapy (ART) initiation is an importan...

    Authors: Jayne P. Ellis, Newton Kalata, Elizabeth C. Joekes, Samuel Kampondeni, Laura A. Benjamin, Thomas S. Harrison, David G. Lalloo and Robert S. Heyderman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:520

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  47. Content type: Research article

    Incomplete virologic suppression results in mutations associated with resistance and is a major obstacle to disease control. We analyzed the genotypic profiles of HIV-1 patients at the time of the first virolo...

    Authors: Marta Iglis Oliveira, Valter Romão de Souza Junior, Claudia Fernanda de Lacerda Vidal and Paulo Sérgio Ramos de Araújo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:514

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  48. Content type: Research article

    HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for prevention of HIV acquisition, but requires HIV testing at regular intervals. Female sex workers (FSWs) are a priority population for HIV prevention ...

    Authors: Katrina F. Ortblad, Michael M. Chanda, Daniel Kibuuka Musoke, Thomson Ngabirano, Magdalene Mwale, Aidah Nakitende, Steven Chongo, Nyambe Kamungoma, Catherine Kanchele, Till Bärnighausen and Catherine E. Oldenburg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:503

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  49. Content type: Research article

    Youth in southern Africa, particularly adolescent girls and young women, are a key population for HIV prevention interventions. Untreated genital tract infections (GTIs) increase both HIV transmission and acqu...

    Authors: Angela Kaida, Janan J. Dietrich, Fatima Laher, Mags Beksinska, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Megan Bardsley, Patricia Smith, Laura Cotton, Pooja Chitneni, Kalysha Closson, David A. Lewis, Jenni A. Smit, Thumbi Ndung’u, Mark Brockman and Glenda Gray

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:499

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  50. Content type: Research article

    Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in pregnancy presents unquestionable benefits in preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV although it is associated with maternal adverse effects. The aim of this ...

    Authors: Adriane M. Delicio, Giuliane J. Lajos, Eliana Amaral, Fabia Lopes, Fernanda Cavichiolli, Isabeli Myioshi and Helaine Milanez

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:485

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