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Hepatitis and co-infections

This section aims to publish studies looking at all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of hepatitis in humans as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology

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  1. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the greatest public health burdens, particularly for people living with several barriers to access to health care services, such as the hill tribe adult population i...

    Authors: Panupong Upala, Tawatchai Apidechkul, Ratipark Tamornpark, Chalitar Chomchoei and Fartima Yeemard

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:494

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. Bhutan is committed to eliminating hepatitis B and hepatitis C, though recent baseline estimates of disease burden in the general population are unknown. In 2017, we carried out a biomarker survey in the gener...

    Authors: N. Tshering, G. P. Dhakal, U. Wangchuk, S. Wangdi, L. Khandu, S. Pelden, F. Nogareda, M. K. Patel, Y. J. F. Hutin, K. Wannemuehler, B. B. Rewari and S. Wangchuk

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:485

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Tanzania has a high prevalence (7.17%) of chronic hepatitis B infection. Mother to Child transmission is very common, resulting in high rate of chronic infections. Currently, there is no screening program for ...

    Authors: Karin Geffert, Tongai G. Maponga, Shimba Henerico, Wolfgang Preiser, Stella Mongella, August Stich, Samuel Kalluvya, Andreas Mueller and Christa Kasang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:395

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly prevalent among homeless persons, yet barriers continue to impede HCV testing and treatment in this population. We studied the experiences of homeless individuals related to a...

    Authors: Carmen L. Masson, J. Konadu Fokuo, August Anderson, Jesse Powell, Barry Zevin, Dylan Bush and Mandana Khalili

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:386

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an important cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In pregnant women, HEV can cause more severe symptoms, with high rates of fatal hepatic failure in endemic countries. Howev...

    Authors: Gabriela Tissera, María Cecilia Lardizabal, Sofía Belén Torres, Anabella Clara Fantilli, Maribel G. Martínez Wassaf, Fernando Venezuela, Raúl Capra, Domingo C. Balderramo, Claudia Travella, Viviana E. Ré and María Belén Pisano

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:368

    Content type: Research article

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  6. This study aimed to detect Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome sequences and their variants as of nationwide scale using dried blood spot (DBS) samples and to provide up-to-date reference data for infection control...

    Authors: Ko Ko, Kazuaki Takahashi, Shintaro Nagashima, Chikako Yamamoto, Vichit Ork, Aya Sugiyama, Tomoyuki Akita, Masayuki Ohisa, Channarena Chuon, Md. Shafiqul Hossain, Bunsoth Mao and Junko Tanaka

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:305

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment with first generation protease inhibitors (PI) + peg-interferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV...

    Authors: Liat Deutsch, Inbal Houri, Ziv Ben-Ari, Amir Shlomai, Ella Veitsman, Oranit Cohen-Ezra, Assaf Issachar, Orna Mor, Yael Gozlan, Rafael Bruck, Yoram Menachem, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Helena Katchman and Oren Shibolet

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:264

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. More than 2 billion people have been exposed to HBV, and about 257 million individuals are chronic carriers of HBV. HBV reactivatio...

    Authors: Kuniyasu Niizuma, Yoshikazu Ogawa, Takayuki Kogure and Teiji Tominaga

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:230

    Content type: Case report

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  9. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health problem. WHO guidelines recommend screening all people living with HIV for hepatitis C. Considering the limited resources for health in low and middle...

    Authors: Jozefien Buyze, Anja De Weggheleire, Johan van Griensven and Lutgarde Lynen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:209

    Content type: Research Article

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  10. Few data are available regarding the use of direct antiviral agents (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C in psychiatric patients. The aim of the study is to assess safety and outcome of DAAs in patients with psychia...

    Authors: Nicolò de Gennaro, Lucia Diella, Laura Monno, Gioacchino Angarano, Michele Milella and Annalisa Saracino

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:196

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Hepatitis B virus disease is a potentially life-threatening liver infection and a major global health problem. It causes chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer....

    Authors: Garba Umar Mustapha, Abdulrasul Ibrahim, Muhammad Shakir Balogun, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo and Aisha Indo Mamman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:194

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Hepatitis C virus is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease and liver-related deaths worldwide. The estimated prevalence of chronic hepatitis C viral infection among the general Belgian population ...

    Authors: Dana Busschots, Samira Toghanian, Rob Bielen, Stina Salomonsson, Özgür M. Koc, Greet Hendrickx, Michel Jadoul, Frederik Nevens, Etienne Sokal, Christian Brixko, Kathelijne Peerlinck, Ludwig Apers, Geert Robaeys and Jeffrey V. Lazarus

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:181

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Identifying patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and enhancing the cascade of care are essential for eliminating HCV infection. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of positive anti-HCV serol...

    Authors: Daniela Mariano Carvalho-Louro, Eric Bassetti Soares, Jose Eduardo Trevizoli, Thayna Moreira Gomes Marra, Alexandre Lima Rodrigues da Cunha, Marcelo Palmeira Rodrigues, Adriana Claudia Lopes Carvalho-Furtado, Beatriz Taynara Araujo dos Santos and Francisco de Assis da Rocha Neves

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:114

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is one of the effective therapies. However, little is known about the genetic background of the HBV infection or the ge...

    Authors: Zebin Zhu, Shanzhou Huang, Yixi Zhang, Chengjun Sun, Yunhua Tang, Qiang Zhao, Qi Zhou, Weiqiang Ju and Xiaoshun He

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:84

    Content type: Research article

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  15. At the end of the 1970s, in Italy more than 2% of the general population was HBsAg carrier. In the late ‘70s and late ‘80s, two remarkable events might have impacted on HBV strains transmitted in North-East It...

    Authors: Roberto Bruni, Umbertina Villano, Stefania Taffon, Michele Equestre, Elisabetta Madonna, Paola Chionne, Angela Candido, Stefano Dettori, Giulio Pisani, Maria Rapicetta, Flavia Bortolotti and Anna Rita Ciccaglione

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:78

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Georgia has one of the highest HCV prevalence in the world and launched the world’s first national HCV elimination programs in 2015. Georgia set the ambitious target of diagnosing 90% of people living with HCV...

    Authors: Tengiz Tsertsvadze, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Muazzam Nasrullah, Lali Sharvadze, Juliette Morgan, Shaun Shadaker, Lia Gvinjilia, Maia Butsashvili, David Metreveli, Vakhtang Kerashvili, Marina Ezugbaia, Nikoloz Chkhartishvili, Akaki Abutidze, Valeri Kvaratskhelia and Francisco Averhoff

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:30

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Nucleic acid hybridization (NAH) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a practical and reliable tool for virus genotyping. Genotype assignment is an important factor in the prediction of treatment success in chronic h...

    Authors: Malik Sallam, Rawan Batarseh, Anas Natsheh, Jumana Abbadi, Esraa Al-Fraihat, Alaa’ Yaseen, Doaa Kaddomi, Nadia Khamees, Azmi Mahafzah and Gülşen Özkaya Şahin

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 20:3

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, causing thousands of deaths due to acute and persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Providing updated serol...

    Authors: Mohammad Amin Behzadi, Victor Hugo Leyva-Grado, Mandana Namayandeh, Atoosa Ziyaeyan, Roya Feyznezhad, Hedayat Dorzaban, Marzieh Jamalidoust and Mazyar Ziyaeyan

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1027

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Chronic hepatitis C is a major public health burden. With new interferon-free direct-acting agents (showing sustained viral response rates of more than 98%), elimination of HCV seems feasible for the first tim...

    Authors: Christian Krauth, Siegbert Rossol, Gustaf Ortsäter, Achim Kautz, Kathrin Krüger, Babette Herder and Jona Theodor Stahmeyer

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:1019

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) share common risk factors for exposure. Co-infected patients have an increased liver-related mortality risk and may have accelerated HIV progression. Th...

    Authors: Urvi Rana, Matt Driedger, Paul Sereda, Shenyi Pan, Erin Ding, Alex Wong, Sharon Walmsley, Marina Klein, Deborah Kelly, Mona Loutfy, Rejean Thomas, Stephen Sanche, Abigail Kroch, Nima Machouf, Marie-Helene Roy-Gagnon, Robert Hogg…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:982

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Identification and knowledge of settings with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important when aiming for elimination of HCV. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence ...

    Authors: Caroline Gahrton, Gabriel Westman, Karin Lindahl, Fredrik Öhrn, Olav Dalgard, Christer Lidman, Lars-Håkan Nilsson, Karouk Said, Ann-Sofi Duberg and Soo Aleman

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:955

    Content type: Research article

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  22. A large proportion of people who inject drugs (PWID) living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have not been treated. It is unknown whether inclusion of HCV diagnostics and treatment into integrated substa...

    Authors: Lars T. Fadnes, Christer Frode Aas, Jørn Henrik Vold, Christian Ohldieck, Rafael Alexander Leiva, Fatemeh Chalabianloo, Svetlana Skurtveit, Ole Jørgen Lygren, Olav Dalgård, Peter Vickerman, Håvard Midgard, Else-Marie Løberg and Kjell Arne Johansson

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:943

    Content type: Study protocol

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  23. The advent of effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), has prompted an assessment of the French Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening strategy, which historically targeted high-risk groups. One of the options pu...

    Authors: Cécile Brouard, Leïla Saboni, Arnaud Gautier, Stéphane Chevaliez, Delphine Rahib, Jean-Baptiste Richard, Francis Barin, Christine Larsen, Cécile Sommen, Josiane Pillonel, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau, Nathalie Lydié and Florence Lot

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:896

    Content type: Research article

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  24. The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the value of real-time ultrasound elastography (RTE) for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis (LF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), to correlate...

    Authors: Dedong Huang, Taofa Lin, Shaoyang Wang, Lieyun Cheng, Liping Xie, Youguang Lu, Muxing Chen, Lingling Zhu and Jie Shi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:878

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease globally. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have proven effective in curing HCV. However, the current standard of care (SOC) in Botswan...

    Authors: Lynnette Bhebhe, Motswedi Anderson, Sajini Souda, Wonderful T. Choga, Edward Zumbika, Zachary M. Shaver, Tshepiso Mbangiwa, Bonolo B. Phinius, Chabeni C. Banda, Pinkie Melamu, Rosemary M. Musonda, Max Essex, Jason T. Blackard, Sikhulile Moyo and Simani Gaseitsiwe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:875

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in China. Over a decade has passed since the last National Hepatitis Seroepidemiological Survey was conducted in 2006. The lack of updated dat...

    Authors: Huai Wang, Peixuan Men, Yufeng Xiao, Pei Gao, Min Lv, Qianli Yuan, Weixin Chen, Shuang Bai and Jiang Wu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:811

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health problem. Persistence of the virus occurs as a result of stability of the replication intermediate comprising covalently closed circular...

    Authors: Kristie Bloom, Haajira Kaldine, Toni Cathomen, Claudio Mussolino, Abdullah Ely and Patrick Arbuthnot

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:802

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Almost 1% of Canadians are hepatitis C (HCV)-infected. The liver-specific complications of HCV are established but the extra-hepatic comorbidity, multimorbidity, and its relationship with HCV treatment, is les...

    Authors: Curtis L. Cooper, Chrissi Galanakis, Jessy Donelle, Jeff Kwong, Rob Boyd, Lisa Boucher and Claire E. Kendall

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:712

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:889

  29. The technique most frequently used to genotype HCV is quantitative RT-PCR. This technique is unable to provide an accurate genotype/subtype for many samples; we decided to develop an in-house method with the g...

    Authors: Sylvie Goletti, Siméon Zuyten, Léonie Goeminne, Chris Verhofstede, Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos, Monique Bodeus, Peter Stärkel, Yves Horsmans and Benoît Kabamba-Mukadi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:738

    Content type: Technical advance

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  31. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in correctional settings. HCV treatment is often not possible in U.S. jails due to short lengths of stay. Linkage to care is crucial in these settings, ...

    Authors: Matthew J. Akiyama, Devin Columbus, Ross MacDonald, Alison O. Jordan, Jessie Schwartz, Alain H. Litwin, Benjamin Eckhardt and Ellie Carmody

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:703

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Hepatitis C infection is a major public health concern globally. In Ireland, like other European countries, people who use drugs (PWUD) and prisoners carry a larger HCV disease burden than the general populati...

    Authors: D. Crowley, R. Murtagh, W. Cullen, J. S. Lambert, T. McHugh and M. C. Van Hout

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:702

    Content type: Research article

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  33. The epidemiology and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Rwanda are not well known; however, this information is crucial to shaping the country’s public health approach to hepatitis C control.

    Authors: Jean Damascene Makuza, Carol Y. Liu, Corneille Killy Ntihabose, Donatha Dushimiyimana, Sabine Umuraza, Marie Paul Nisingizwe, Justine Umutesi, Janvier Serumondo, Soline Dusabeyesu Mugeni, Muhamed Semakula, Neil Gupta, Margaret Hellard and Sabin Nsanzimana

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:688

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is now recognized as a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. HEV specific antibodies develop shortly after infection and are thought to confer protection.

    Authors: Marcus Panning, Kristi Basho, Andreas Fahrner and Christoph Neumann-Haefelin

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:675

    Content type: Case report

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  35. Although significant improvement in efficacy measured by a sustained virological response, the high acquisition costs of direct-acting antivirals limit the access for patients and influence the costs of health...

    Authors: Ru Han, Junwen Zhou, Clément François and Mondher Toumi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:655

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is a vaccine preventable disease. In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), poor hygiene and sanitation conditions are the main risk factors contributing t...

    Authors: Jenna Patterson, Leila Abdullahi, Gregory D. Hussey, Rudzani Muloiwa and Benjamin M. Kagina

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:651

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Long-term outcome of DAAs therapy in kidney transplant recipients was unknown. Thus, we aimed to evaluate it in a Chinese cohort of HCV-infected kidney transplant recipients.

    Authors: Jian Zhang, Wen Sun, Jun Lin, Ye Tian, Linlin Ma, Lei Zhang, Yichen Zhu and Wei Qiu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:645

    Content type: Research article

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  38. The virological or clinical relapse is common in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after stopping long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy. Soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2), one of the ...

    Authors: Linqing Xie, Guichan Liao, Hongjie Chen, Muye Xia, Xuan Huang, Rong Fan, Jie Peng, Xiaoyong Zhang and Hongyan Liu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:640

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. High HBV prevalence in immigrants and ethnic minorities and numerous barriers to healthcare access are associated with serio...

    Authors: Chul S. Hyun, Okhyun Ko, Seulgi Lee and Joseph McMenamin

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:638

    Content type: Research article

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  40. We describe a case of severe Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) associated with chronic active hepatitis C and mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC). To our knowledge, this association between GBS and hepatitis C virus (HCV)...

    Authors: Alexandre Chlilek, Claire Roger, Laurent Muller, Marie-Josée Carles, Robin Stephan, Didier Laureillard, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Jean-Yves Lefrant and Albert Sotto

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:636

    Content type: Case report

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  41. Elevated rates of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection have been reported in epidemiological studies with people who used illicit drugs (PWUIDs) in different Brazilian regions. In Brazil’s Amazon region, studies ...

    Authors: Aldemir B. Oliveira-Filho, Francisco Junior A. Santos, Fabricio Quaresma Silva, Nairis Costa Raiol, Camila Carla S. Costa, Juliana Nadia F. Piauiense, Luisa Caricio Martins, Yasmin Maria N. Cardoso, Jeruza Ferraz F. Di Miceli, Rafael Lima Resque, Gláucia C. Silva-Oliveira, Luiz Marcelo L. Pinheiro, Luiz Fernando A. Machado, João Renato R. Pinho, José Alexandre R. Lemos, Emil Kupek…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:634

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing in oral fluid samples may provide advantages in diagnosis, screening or prevalence studies, especially among individuals with venous access difficulties. This study aims to opti...

    Authors: Helena Medina Cruz, Vanessa Salete de Paula, Elisangela Ferreira da Silva, Kycia Maria Rodrigues do Ó, Flavio Augusto Pádua Milagres, Marcelo Santos Cruz, Francisco Inácio Bastos, Jurema Corrêa da Mota, Priscila Pollo-Flores, Erotildes Leal, Ana Rita Coimbra Motta-Castro, Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez, Elisabeth Lampe and Livia Melo Villar

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:632

    Content type: Research article

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  43. In the United States Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral clearance is estimated to range between 20 and 30%. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of HCV clearance and identify correlates of vira...

    Authors: Mabel Michille Kimble, Marjan Javanbakht, Kara W. Chew, Chrysovalantis Stafylis, Di He, Samantha Ramirez, Yeonsoo Baik, Sammy Saab and Jeffrey D. Klausner

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:626

    Content type: Research article

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  44. The major infectious diseases of hepatitis B has constituted an acute public health challenge in China. An effective and affordable HBV control model is urgently needed. A national project of Community-based C...

    Authors: Bing Ruan, Zhixin Yu, Shigui Yang, Kaijin Xu, Jingjing Ren, Jun Yao, Nanping Wu, Chengbo Yu, Min Deng, Tiansheng Xie, Ping Chen, Chencheng Wang, Yiping Li, Yanhong Zhao, Jifang Sheng, Yunde Hou…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:617

    Content type: Research article

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  45. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine in chronic hepatitis B women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

    Authors: Li-fen Han, Jian-ming Zheng, Li-qing Zheng, Hai-bing Gao, Li-xia Chen, Qing-ling Xu, Yi-hong Chai, Xin Zhang, Chen Pan and Lv-feng Yao

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:614

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus which causes death. More than 300 million people have chronic liver infections globally and about 600,000 people die annually from ac...

    Authors: Abayneh Tunje Tanga, Misanew Andargie Teshome, Desta Hiko, Chaltu Fikru and Gemechu Kejela Jilo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:602

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious herpesvirus with potential for nosocomial transmission. However, the importance of nosocomial chickenpox outbreak in China has often been ignored. With the i...

    Authors: Jin Yang, Jieling Liu, Fanfan Xing, Haiyan Ye, Guijian Dai, Meiyuan Liu, Simon Kam-Fai Lo, Ricky Wing-Tong Lau, Kelvin Hei-Yeung Chiu, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan and Kwok-Yung Yuen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:582

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Blood donor plasma samples were detected by the Ultrio Plus NAT system for HBV, HCV and HIV-1 in Shenzhen blood center, China. Reactive samples underwent further discriminatory testing of a single virus by the...

    Authors: Xianlin Ye, Tong Li, Wen Shao, Jinfeng Zeng, Wenxu Hong, Liang Lu, Weigang Zhu, Chengyao Li and Tingting Li

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:574

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Sofosbuvir is the keystone of direct antiviral agents for the chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The safety of sofosbuvir in patients with stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) needs further observation in real world.

    Authors: Taotao Yan, Jiuping Wang, Juan Li, Shan Fu, Yi Chen, Chunhua Hu, Rou Zhang, Zhen Tian, Fahui Zhao, Jun Dong, Jinfeng Liu, Yuan Yang, Tianyan Chen, Yingren Zhao and Yingli He

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:550

    Content type: Case report

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  50. Treatment failure has become a significant challenge in patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for first-line ART failure among patients attendi...

    Authors: Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Fekadu Beyene and Woldesellassie M. Bezabhe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2019 19:537

    Content type: Research article

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