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Healthcare-associated infection control

Section edited by Holly Seale

This section aims to publish studies looking at infection prevention and control in the healthcare setting and includes disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis, alongside hand hygiene, surveillance and other interventions.


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  1. Content type: Research article

    Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common condition with high mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine whether clinical pathway (CP) implementation in different hospitals i...

    Authors: Liping Zhu, Jie Bai, Yongcong Chen and Di Xue

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:471

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  2. Content type: Research article

    Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral disease caused by human enteroviruses. Although HFMD reinfection is common, studies investigating this phenomenon are insufficient.

    Authors: Chao Shi, Juan Liu, Ping Shi, Hong Ji, Yuan Shen and Yan-Hua Qian

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:472

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  3. Content type: Research article

    To prevent cross infection the surgical team perform preoperative hand disinfection before dressed in surgical gowns and gloves. Preoperative hand disinfection does not make hands sterile and the surgical glov...

    Authors: Camilla Wistrand, Bo Söderquist, Karin Falk-Brynhildsen and Ulrica Nilsson

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:466

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  4. Content type: Research article

    HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China is rising rapidly, and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) is associated with HIV transmission. Recent research has shown that associations between ...

    Authors: Xin Wang, Zezhou Wang, Xueqin Jiang, Rui Li, Ying Wang, Gang Xu, Huachun Zou and Yong Cai

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:465

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  5. Content type: Research article

    Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in North America and Europe. The aim of this study was to identify epidemiologically-confirmed cases of community-acquired (CA)-CD...

    Authors: Christina S. Thornton, Joseph E. Rubin, Alexander L. Greninger, Gisele Peirano, Charles Y. Chiu and Dylan R. Pillai

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:443

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  6. Content type: Research article

    The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of carbapenem non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae(CNSE) isolated in the Eastern region of Heilongjiang Province, China, and the mechanism of car...

    Authors: Xue Gong, Jisheng Zhang, Shanshan Su, Yanjun Fu, Mingjia Bao, Yong Wang and Xiaoli Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:417

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  7. Content type: Research article

    Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections are among the most common urological infections world-wide. Bacterial biofilms and encrustation cause significant complications in patients with urinary catheters. ...

    Authors: Kedar Diwakar Mandakhalikar, Rong Wang, Juwita N. Rahmat, Edmund Chiong, Koon Gee Neoh and Paul A. Tambyah

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:370

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  8. Content type: Research article

    Observation and feedback are core strategies of hand hygiene (HH) improvement. Direct overt observation is currently the gold standard method. Observation bias, also known as the Hawthorne effect, is a major d...

    Authors: Kuan-Sheng Wu, Susan Shin-Jung Lee, Jui-Kuang Chen, Yao-Shen Chen, Hung-Chin Tsai, Yueh-Ju Chen, Yu-Hsiu Huang and Huey-Shyan Lin

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:369

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  9. Content type: Research article

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is considered highly prevalent in West Africa. However, major gaps in surveillance exist in Sierra Leone. Although healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for HBV infection, little i...

    Authors: Yu-Ling Qin, Bo Li, Yue-Su Zhou, Xin Zhang, Lei Li, Bing Song, Peng Liu, Yue Yuan, Zhong-Peng Zhao, Jun Jiao, Jing Li, Yi Sun, Stephen Sevalie, Joseph E. Kanu, Ya-Jun Song, Jia-Fu Jiang…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:315

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  10. Content type: Research article

    Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nosocomial infection in intensive care units (ICUs). The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and microbiology of VAP in Polish ICUs from 2...

    Authors: Michał Wałaszek, Anna Różańska, Marta Zofia Wałaszek and Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:308

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  11. Content type: Research article

    Globally, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex public problem, which is mainly fuelled by inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Rational use of antimicrobials is the main strategy for the prevention of A...

    Authors: Mohammed Assen Seid and Mohammed Seid Hussen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:312

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  12. Content type: Research article

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a world health problem with an estimated 257 million chronically infected people. Indonesia, with 7.1% prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is classified as a...

    Authors: Teguh Wijayadi, Rizalinda Sjahril, Turyadi, Susan I. Ie, Ridha Wahyuni, Ilhamjaya Pattelongi, M. Nasrum Massi, Irawan Yusuf and David H Muljono

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:279

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  13. Content type: Research article

    Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are a major source of sepsis in modern intensive care medicine. Some years ago bundle interventions have been introduced to reduce CLABSI. The use of che...

    Authors: Dominic Wichmann, Cristina E. Belmar Campos, Stephan Ehrhardt, Timo Kock, Claudia Weber, Holger Rohde and Stefan Kluge

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:267

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  14. Content type: Research article

    Appropriate antibiotic use has become an important issue. However, collecting data on the use of all antibiotics in a hospital is difficult without an advanced computerized system and dedicated staff. This pap...

    Authors: Bongyoung Kim, Hyeonjun Hwang, Jieun Kim, Myoung-jae Lee and Hyunjoo Pai

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:247

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  15. Content type: Research article

    The Israeli Ministry of Health (MoH) encountered two substantial outbreaks during the past decade: the H1N1 swine flu outbreak during 2009–2010 and the silent polio outbreak during 2013. Although both outbreak...

    Authors: Iftach Sagy, Paula Feder-Bubis, Victor Novack, Tal Peleg-Sagy and Dan Greenberg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:241

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  16. Content type: Research article

    Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions largely target inpatient antimicrobial prescribing. Literature on appropriateness of antimicrobials prescribed at the interface between hospital and the community ...

    Authors: R. Chavada, J. Davey, L. O’Connor and D. Tong

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:225

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  17. Content type: Research article

    This study investigates the barriers and facilitators of the use of antibiotics in acute respiratory tract infections by general practitioners (GPs) in Germany.

    Authors: Florian Salm, Sandra Schneider, Katja Schmücker, Inga Petruschke, Tobias S. Kramer, Regina Hanke, Christin Schröder, Christoph Heintze, Ulrich Schwantes, Petra Gastmeier and Jochen Gensichen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:208

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  18. Content type: Research article

    The nexus between resistance determinants, plasmid type, and clonality appears to play a crucial role in the dissemination and survival of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). The incidence of infec...

    Authors: Taher uz Zaman, Maha Alrodayyan, Maha Albladi, Mohammed Aldrees, Mohammed Ismail Siddique, Sameera Aljohani and Hanan H. Balkhy

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:205

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  19. Content type: Research article

    Non-hospital residential facilities are important reservoirs for MRSA transmission. However, conclusions and public health implications drawn from the many mathematical models depicting nosocomial MRSA transmi...

    Authors: Kin On Kwok, Jonathan M. Read, Arthur Tang, Hong Chen, Steven Riley and Kai Man Kam

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:188

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  20. Content type: Research article

    Nosocomial, or healthcare-associated infections (HAI), exact a high medical and financial toll on patients, healthcare workers, caretakers, and the health system. Interpersonal contact patterns play a large ro...

    Authors: Krista M. English, Joanne M. Langley, Allison McGeer, Nathaniel Hupert, Raymond Tellier, Bonnie Henry, Scott A. Halperin, Lynn Johnston and Babak Pourbohloul

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:184

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  23. Content type: Research article

    Infection by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Colonization by S. aureus increases the risk of infection. Little is known about decolonization strategies for S. aureus

    Authors: Shoshannah Eggers, Anna K. Barker, Susan Valentine, Timothy Hess, Megan Duster and Nasia Safdar

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:129

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  24. Content type: Research article

    Medical laboratory staff are a high-risk population for colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) due to direct and dense contact with the pathogens; however, there is limited information about this colon...

    Authors: Xiaoying Xie, Xinlu Dai, Lijia Ni, Baiji Chen, Zhaofan Luo, Yandan Yao, Xiquan Wu, Hongyu Li and Songyin Huang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:122

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  25. Content type: Research article

    Hand hygiene compliance is the basis of infection control programs. In developing countries models to improve hand hygiene compliance to reduce healthcare acquired infections are required. The aim of this stud...

    Authors: Hang Thi Phan, Hang Thi Thuy Tran, Hanh Thi My Tran, Anh Pham Phuong Dinh, Ha Thanh Ngo, Jenny Theorell-Haglow and Christopher J. Gordon

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:116

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  26. Content type: Research article

    Expressed human milk (EHM) feed preparation areas represent a potential source of unintentional nosocomial infection. Daily disinfection of environmental surfaces remains an essential intervention to mitigate ...

    Authors: Ricky Dippenaar and Johan Smith

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:91

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  28. Content type: Research article

    Nosocomial infections are a major setback in the healthcare delivery system especially in developing countries due to the limited resources. The roles played by medical care equipment and work surfaces in the ...

    Authors: Ivan Sserwadda, Mathew Lukenge, Bashir Mwambi, Gerald Mboowa, Apollo Walusimbi and Farouk Segujja

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:68

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  29. Content type: Research article

    Within the frame of National Epidemiological Surveillance System, family physicians have an obligation to report infections and suspicions cases.

    Authors: Katalin Vraukó, Zoltán Jancsó, László Kalabay, Andrea Lukács, Gabriella Maráczi, Lajos Mester, Anna Nánási, József Rinfel, Tamás Sárosi, Ferenc Tamás, Albert Varga, József Vitrai and Imre Rurik

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:45

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  30. Content type: Research article

    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections continue to be a leading problem in health care facilities worldwide.

    Authors: Nori Yoshioka, Matsuo Deguchi, Hideharu Hagiya, Hisao Yoshida, Norihisa Yamamoto, Shoji Hashimoto, Yukihiro Akeda and Kazunori Tomono

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:19

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  31. Content type: Research article

    The operating room (OR) of the hospital is a special unit that requires a relatively clean environment. The microbial concentration of an indoor OR extrinsically influences surgical site infection rates. The a...

    Authors: Ling Fu Shaw, Ian Horng Chen, Chii Shya Chen, Hui Hsin Wu, Li Shing Lai, Yin Yin Chen and Fu Der Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2018 18:4

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  32. Content type: Research article

    While research has demonstrated the importance of a clean health care environment, there is a lack of research on the role portable medical equipment (PME) play in the transmission cycle of healthcare-acquired...

    Authors: Chetan Jinadatha, Frank C. Villamaria, John D. Coppin, Charles R. Dale, Marjory D. Williams, Ryan Whitworth and Mark Stibich

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:800

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  33. Content type: Research article

    Nursing home residents are frequently colonized with various strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) but the intra-facility dynamics of strain-specific MRSA remains poorly understood. We aim...

    Authors: Nataliya G. Batina, Christopher J. Crnich and Dörte Döpfer

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:752

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  34. Content type: Research article

    Despite the several strategies available for the management of biofilm-associated ventilator-associated pneumonia, data regarding the efficacy of applying antibiotics to the subglottic space (SS) are scarce. W...

    Authors: María Jesús Pérez-Granda, María Consuelo Latorre, Beatriz Alonso, Javier Hortal, Rafael Samaniego, Emilio Bouza and María Guembe

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:746

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  35. Content type: Research article

    Febrile jaundice results clinically in generalized yellow coloration of the teguments and mucous membranes due to excess plasma bilirubin, accompanied by fever. Two types are found: conjugated and unconjugated...

    Authors: Christelle Luce Bobossi Gadia, Alexandre Manirakiza, Gaspard Tekpa, Xavier Konamna, Ulrich Vickos and Emmanuel Nakoune

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:735

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  36. Content type: Research article

    Infection control remains a key challenge for Tuberculosis (TB) control program with an increased risk of TB transmission among health care workers (HCWs), especially in settings with inadequate TB infection c...

    Authors: Anita Shrestha, Dipesh Bhattarai, Barsha Thapa, Prem Basel and Rajendra Raj Wagle

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:724

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  37. Content type: Research article

    In patients with hemodialysis-associated pneumonia (HDAP), information on both microbiologic features and antimicrobial strategies is limited. The aim of this study is to investigate predictive factors of infe...

    Authors: Jae-Uk Song, Hye Kyeong Park, Hyung Koo Kang and Jonghoo Lee

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:681

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  38. Content type: Study protocol

    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings worldwide, but little is known about MRSA transmission outside of acute healthcare...

    Authors: Nivedita Shankar, Angela Li Ping Chow, Jolene Oon, Li Yang Hsu, Brenda Ang, Junxiong Pang, Paola Florez De Sessions, Balamurugan Periaswamy, Paul A. Tambyah, Desmond B. Teo and Clarence C. Tam

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:678

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  39. Content type: Research article

    The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is threatening antimicrobial treatment.

    Authors: Sara Giordana Rimoldi, Bernardina Gentile, Cristina Pagani, Annamaria Di Gregorio, Anna Anselmo, Anna Maria Palozzi, Antonella Fortunato, Valentina Pittiglio, Anna Lisa Ridolfo, Maria Rita Gismondo, Giuliano Rizzardini and Florigio Lista

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:666

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  40. Content type: Research article

    Environmental cleanliness is one of the contributing factors for surgical site infections in the operating rooms (ORs). To decrease environmental contamination, pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV), an easy and sa...

    Authors: Lynn El Haddad, Shashank S. Ghantoji, Mark Stibich, Jason B. Fleming, Cindy Segal, Kathy M. Ware and Roy F. Chemaly

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:672

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  41. Content type: Research article

    Urinary tract infection is the second most common type of infection and the problem is further compounded by the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial uropathogens. The aim of this study was to determine t...

    Authors: Adane Bitew, Tamirat Molalign and Meseret Chanie

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:654

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  42. Content type: Research article

    While a new generation of computational statistics algorithms and availability of data streams raises the potential for recurrently regrounding dynamic models with incoming observations, the effectiveness of s...

    Authors: Anahita Safarishahrbijari, Aydin Teyhouee, Cheryl Waldner, Juxin Liu and Nathaniel D. Osgood

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:648

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  43. Content type: Study protocol

    The epidemiology of ICU pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is not fully described, but is urgently needed to support the development of effective inte...

    Authors: Fleur P. Paling, Darren P. R. Troeman, Martin Wolkewitz, Rubana Kalyani, Daniël R. Prins, Susanne Weber, Christine Lammens, Leen Timbermont, Herman Goossens, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Frangiscos Sifakis, Marc J. M. Bonten and Jan A. J. W. Kluytmans

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:643

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  44. Content type: Research article

    Device-associated health care-associated infections (DA-HAI) pose a threat to patient safety, particularly in the intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of DA-HAIs, mortality an...

    Authors: Stelios Iordanou, Nicos Middleton, Elizabeth Papathanassoglou and Vasilios Raftopoulos

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:607

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  45. Content type: Research article

    Reduction of accidental contamination of the near-patient environment has potential to reduce acquisition of healthcare-associated infection(s). Although medical gloves should be removed when soiled or touchin...

    Authors: S. Ali and A.P.R. Wilson

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:574

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  46. Content type: Research article

    The Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy is developing a national antimicrobial stewardship registry. This registry will report both the quality of antibiotic use in hospitals in the Netherlands and the st...

    Authors: Marvin AH Berrevoets, Jaap ten Oever, Tom Sprong, Reinier M van Hest, Ingeborg Groothuis, Inger van Heijl, Jeroen A Schouten, Marlies E Hulscher and Bart-Jan Kullberg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:565

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  47. Content type: Research article

    Bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract is commonly described and usually thought to be of no clinical significance. The aim of this study was to examine the presence and significance of bacteria and v...

    Authors: C. Raina MacIntyre, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Yi Zhang, Holly Seale, Peng Yang, Joshua Chen, Yang Pan, Daitao Zhang and Quanyi Wang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:553

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  48. Content type: Research article

    Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavior-based interventions are particularly vulnerable to post-randomization changes between study arms. We assess the impact of such a change in a large, multicenter s...

    Authors: Eric T. Lofgren

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:539

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  49. Content type: Research article

    When bacteria colony persist within a biofilm, suitable drugs are not yet available for the eradication of biofilm-producing bacteria. The aim of this study is to study the effect of magnetic nano-particles-in...

    Authors: Chih-Hsiang Fang, Pei-I Tsai, Shu-Wei Huang, Jui-Sheng Sun, Jenny Zwei-Chieng Chang, Hsin-Hsin Shen, San-Yuan Chen, Feng Huei Lin, Lih-Tao Hsu and Yen-Chun Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:516

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  50. Content type: Research article

    Infections with multi drug resistant (MDR) organisms are a major problem in intensive care units (ICUs). Proper infection control procedures are mandatory to combat the spread of resistant organisms within ICU...

    Authors: Kavinda Tissera, Veranja Liyanapathirana, Nilanthi Dissanayake, Vasanthi Pinto, Asela Ekanayake, Manjula Tennakoon, Dinuka Adasooriya and Dulmini Nanayakkara

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2017 17:490

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