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Bacterial and fungal diseases

Section edited by Ivan FN Hung, Jorge Garbino and Kelvin To

This section aims to publish studies looking at all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of bacterial and fungal diseases in humans, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. This section includes studies relating to antibiotic resistance and healthcare-associated infections.

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  1. Gram-positive anaerobic (GPA) bacteria inhabit different parts of the human body as commensals but can also cause bacteremia. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed GPA bacteremia pathogens bef...

    Authors: Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Yuki Hara, Yusuke Yoshimi, Yoshiro Fujita, Masamichi Yokoe and Yoshinori Noguchi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:578

    Content type: Research article

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  2. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) has gradually increased in recent years. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and cell count are very important for CM on etiology diagnosis and assessment of diseas...

    Authors: Junyan Qu, Jingwen Jiang and Xiaoju Lv

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:571

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) has been widely adopted in the clinical setting of ophthalmology and its infectious complications are rare. However, orbital abscess following STTA has been...

    Authors: Chiharu Iwahashi, Hiroshi Eguchi, Fumika Hotta, Mayu Uezumi, Miki Sawa, Masatomo Kimura, Takashi Yaguchi and Shunji Kusaka

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:566

    Content type: Case report

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  4. Morbidity and mortality in transplant patients is increased by infection caused mainly by rare opportunistic pathogens. The present study reports a case where Hongkongmyces snookiorum caused subcutaneous phaeohyp...

    Authors: Deng Linqiang, Chen Yiguo, Xu Heping, Chen Dongke, Hu Longhua, Gui Xiaomei and Zou Xia

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:562

    Content type: Case report

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  5. Listeriosis is a severe food-borne infection caused by the Gram-positive rod, Listeria monocytogenes. Despite the low incidence (3–8 cases per million), Listeriosis has a case fatality rate of 20–30% as it occurs...

    Authors: Rand Al Ohaly, Nischal Ranganath, Medina G. Saffie and Anjali Shroff

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:559

    Content type: Case report

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  6. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) infections are frequent and highly impact cancer patients. We developed and validated a scoring system to identify cancer patients harboring...

    Authors: Alvaro J. Martínez-Valencia, Brian J. Gómez Martínez, Anita M. Montañez Ayala, Katherin García, Ricardo Sánchez Pedraza, Leydy P. Jiménez Cetina, Julio C. Gómez Rincón and Sonia I. Cuervo Maldonado

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:558

    Content type: Research article

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  7. Multi-drug resistance pathogens such as Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are of great global health concern, since they are associated with increased morbidity and...

    Authors: Upendo O. Kibwana, Mtebe Majigo, Doreen Kamori and Joel Manyahi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:557

    Content type: Research article

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  8. This study aimed to identify ten different 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes (rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, armA, rmtF, npmA, rmtH, rmtE and rmtG) and their coexisting ESBL and carbapenemase with the emergence of three

    Authors: Jayalaxmi Wangkheimayum, Mohana Bhattacharjee, Bhaskar Jyoti Das, K. Melson Singha, Debadatta Dhar Chanda and Amitabha Bhattacharjee

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:544

    Content type: Research article

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  9. To evaluate whether soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) can be used as an early predictor of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

    Authors: Xingxing Zhao, Lixiao Xu, Zuming Yang, Bin Sun, Ying Wang, Gen Li, Chenxi Feng, Tao Pan, Tian Yu and Xing Feng

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:542

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Antimicrobial resistance is an ecological and multicausal problem. Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) can be acquired and transmitted in the community. Data o...

    Authors: Deving Arias Ramos, Julián Andrés Hoyos Pulgarín, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, John Alexander Alzate, Juan Camilo Olaya Gómez, Isabella Cortés Bonilla and Camila Vargas Mosquera

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:540

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) are an area of concern in the scarcity of new antifungals. The mixed form of bIFIs is a rare phenomenon but could be potentially a troublesome challenge when cau...

    Authors: Ali Amanati, Mehrzad Lotfi, Mohammad Sadegh Masoudi, Hadis Jafarian, Fatemeh Ghasemi, Haleh Bozorgi and Parisa Badiee

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:535

    Content type: Case report

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  13. Conidiobolus spp. (mainly C. coronatus) are the causal agents of rhino-facial conidiobolomycosis, a limited soft tissue infection, which is essentially observed in immunocompetent individuals from tropical areas....

    Authors: E. Stavropoulou, A. T. Coste, C. Beigelman-Aubry, I. Letovanec, O. Spertini, A. Lovis, T. Krueger, R. Burger, P. Y. Bochud and F. Lamoth

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:527

    Content type: Case report

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  14. Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis, and these infections are associated with a high mortality rate. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is critical in clinical practi...

    Authors: Shu-Jin Fan, Hong-Kun Tan, Yu-Cheng Xu, Yuan-Zhi Chen, Tian-Ao Xie, Zhi-Yong Pan, Shi Ouyang, Qin Li, Xiao-yan Li, Zhen-Xing Li and Xu-Guang Guo

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:525

    Content type: Research article

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    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:560

  15. Assessing the burden of rickettsial infections in Ontario, Canada, is challenging since rickettsial infections are not reportable to public health. In the absence of reportable disease data, we assessed the bu...

    Authors: Mark P. Nelder, Curtis B. Russell, Steven Johnson, Ye Li, Kirby Cronin, Bryna Warshawsky, Nicholas Brandon and Samir N. Patel

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:523

    Content type: Research article

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  16. The widespread administration of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine has led to the predominance of non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi). However, the occurrence of invasive NTHi infection based on gynecologic ...

    Authors: Yoshito Nishimura, Hideharu Hagiya, Kaoru Kawano, Yuya Yokota, Kosuke Oka, Koji Iio, Kou Hasegawa, Mikako Obika, Tomoko Haruma, Sawako Ono, Hisashi Masuyama and Fumio Otsuka

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:521

    Content type: Case report

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  17. Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and increasing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in C. jejuni are a major public health concern. The rapid detection and tracking of...

    Authors: Nereyda Espinoza, Jesús Rojas, Simon Pollett, Rina Meza, Lilian Patiño, Manuel Leiva, Máximo Camiña, Manuela Bernal, Nathanael D. Reynolds, Ryan Maves, Drake H. Tilley, Matthew Kasper and Mark P. Simons

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:518

    Content type: Research article

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  18. The role of ultrasonography-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (PNA) for pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) remains without consensus, especially in abscesses 3 to 6 cm in diameter. The objective of this stu...

    Authors: Shuangjun He, Jie Yu, Hairong Wang, Xuelian Chen, Zhanqiang He and Yi Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:516

    Content type: Research article

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  19. The aims of this study were to identify the predictive factors for microbiological diagnosis through disco-vertebral biopsy (DVB) in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) and negative blood cult...

    Authors: Caroline Diffre, Camille Jousset, Anne-Laure Roux, Clara Duran, Latifa Noussair, Martin Rottman, Robert-Yves Carlier and Aurélien Dinh

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:512

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium infections continue to be a significant public health threat worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotic resistance among 147 S. Typhimur...

    Authors: Nian Dong, Yongrui Li, Jiayong Zhao, Hui Ma, Jinyan Wang, Beibei Liang, Xinying Du, Fuli Wu, Shengli Xia, Xiaoxia Yang, Hongbo Liu, Chaojie Yang, Shaofu Qiu, Hongbin Song, Leili Jia, Yan Li…

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:511

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Group A streptococcus (GAS) is an important human pathogen responsible for a broad range of infections. Epidemiological surveillance has been crucial to detect changes in the geographical and temporal variatio...

    Authors: Hongxin Li, Lin Zhou, Yong Zhao, Lijuan Ma, Xiaoyan Liu and Jin Hu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:507

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Meningococcal meningitis (MM) is a life-threatening disease associated with approximately 10% case fatality rates and neurological sequelae in 10–20% of the cases. Recently, we have shown that the matrix metal...

    Authors: Susanna Ricci, Denis Grandgirard, Ilias Masouris, Tiziana Braccini, Gianni Pozzi, Marco R. Oggioni, Uwe Koedel and Stephen L. Leib

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:505

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Streptomyces cacaoi, Gram-positive, branched, filamentous bacillus forms without fragmentation, are saprophytic soil organisms rarely known to cause invasive infections other than mycetoma. Here we describe a cas...

    Authors: Lu Ai, Han Huang, Zhongwen Wu, Pingjuan Liu, Jianyu Huang and Yili Chen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:499

    Content type: Case report

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  26. The study aimed to assess whether gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms at admission are associated with increased short-term mortality in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

    Authors: Hans Kristian Floeystad, Jacob Dag Berild, Bjoern Jardar Brandsaeter, Didrik Frimann Vestrheim, Dag Berild and Are Martin Holm

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:479

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The probability of hospitalization in patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with an underlying comorbidity, such as a cardiac pathology, is 73-fold higher than that in CAP patients without...

    Authors: Loreto Arias-Fernández, Ruth Gil-Prieto and Ángel Gil-de-Miguel

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:477

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE) is diagnosed in 2–7% of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and recent antibiotic use is a known risk factor. Altered mental status may be a presenting symptom....

    Authors: Hossein Sheibani, Mohammad Salari, Elham Azmoodeh, Amirhessam Kheirieh and Sara Chaghazardi

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:476

    Content type: Case report

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  30. Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have recently come into existence worldwide; however, researchers in northeast China are not aware of their clinical features and molecular charact...

    Authors: Shanshan Su, Jisheng Zhang, Yongxin Zhao, Lan Yu, Yong Wang, Yuchao Wang, Mingjia Bao, Yu Fu, Chunjiang Li and Xiaoli Zhang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:472

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by various pathogenic microorganisms is ubiquitous in the parts of the urinary system such as kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Currently, clinical detection of UTI is ...

    Authors: Manshi Li, Fuhuo Yang, Yihan Lu and Weifeng Huang

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:467

    Content type: Case report

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  33. Anaplasmosis is an emerging acute febrile disease that is caused by a bite of an Anaplasma phagocytophilum–infected hard tick. As for healthy patients, reports on asymptomatic anaplasmosis resulting from such tic...

    Authors: Jiyeon Yoo, Jong-Hoon Chung, Choon-Mee Kim, Na Ra Yun and Dong-Min Kim

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:458

    Content type: Case report

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  34. Uropathogenic E. coli is the leading cause of Urinary tract infections (UTIs), contributing to 80–90% of all community-acquired and 30–50% of all hospital-acquired UTIs. Biofilm forming Uropathogenic E. coli are ...

    Authors: Paul Katongole, Fatuma Nalubega, Najjuka Christine Florence, Benon Asiimwe and Irene Andia

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:453

    Content type: Research article

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  35. PCRctic is an innovative assay based on 16S rDNA PCR technology that has been designed to detect a single intact bacterium in a specimen of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). The assay’s potential for accurate, fast ...

    Authors: Arthur Abelian, Thomas Mund, Martin D. Curran, Stuart A. Savill, Nipa Mitra, Carol Charan, Amanda L. Ogilvy-Stuart, Hugh R. B. Pelham and Paul H. Dear

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:441

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Infection with the Cryptococcus neoformans yeast fungus is largely restricted to patients with HIV, sarcoidosis or immunosuppressive therapies. In sarcoidosis, there is intense local immune response in granuloma ...

    Authors: Johannes H. van der Stoep, Eva Sigstad and Anders Bredberg

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:440

    Content type: Case report

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  37. Candida sp. osteoarticular infection is rare and most often due to hematogenous seeding during an episode of candidemia in immunocompromised patients. However, the diagnosis can be delayed in patients with subtle...

    Authors: Kwang Yun Song, Chulmin Park, Ji-Hyun Byun, Hye-Sun Chun, Jung-Hyun Choi, Eun Hee Han, Seung Ok Lee, Yeonjeong Jeong, Youn Jeong Kim and Si-Hyun Kim

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:438

    Content type: Case report

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  38. Thyroid gland infections are rare. Their incidence is estimated to be less than 1% in immunocompromised hosts. Most common pathogens isolated are Gram positive aerobic cocci. Infections with Gram negative facu...

    Authors: Maha K. AlYousef, Ahmed A. Al-Sayed, Ayham Al Afif, Uthman Alamoudi, Jaclyn M. LeBlanc and Robin LeBlanc

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:436

    Content type: Case report

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  39. Recently, continuous administration of piperacillin-tazobactam has been proposed as a valuable alternative to traditional intermittent administration especially in critically ill patients. However, antibiotic ...

    Authors: Sarah Fawaz, Stephen Barton and Shereen Nabhani-Gebara

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:430

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Streptococcus pneumoniae infections can lead to severe morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). This study evaluated factors associated with pneumococcal disease, ...

    Authors: Tyson Chan, Min Zhi Tay, Win Mar Kyaw, Angela Chow and Hanley J. Ho

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:423

    Content type: Research article

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  42. In Kenya, typhoid fever and invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis present a huge burden of disease, especially in poor-resource settings where clean water supply and sanitation conditions are inadequate. The ep...

    Authors: Cecilia Mbae, Moses Mwangi, Naomi Gitau, Tabitha Irungu, Fidelis Muendo, Zilla Wakio, Ruth Wambui, Susan Kavai, Robert Onsare, Celestine Wairimu, Ronald Ngetich, Frida Njeru, Sandra Van Puyvelde, John Clemens, Gordon Dougan and Samuel Kariuki

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:422

    Content type: Research article

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  43. The number of human Q fever cases in South Korea has been rapidly increasing since 2015. We report the first isolation of Coxiella burnetii in Korea in two patients who initially presented with non-specific febri...

    Authors: Seung Hun Lee, Jae Hoon Lee, Sungdo Park, Hae Kyung Lee, Seon Do Hwang, Hye Won Jeong, Jung Yeon Heo and Yeong Seon Lee

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:421

    Content type: Case report

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  44. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. The coinfection rate of M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) can reach 52% in some areas, but the effects...

    Authors: Jiaojiao Gao, Lili Xu, Baoping Xu, Zhengde Xie and Kunling Shen

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:420

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Most serious complications of infective endocarditis (IE) appear in the so-called “critical phase” of the disease, which represents the first days after diagnosis. The majority of patients overcoming the acute...

    Authors: Carmen Olmos, Isidre Vilacosta, Javier López, Carmen Sáez, Manuel Anguita, Pablo Elpidio García-Granja, Cristina Sarriá, Jacobo Silva, Belén Álvarez-Álvarez, María Amparo Martínez-Monzonis, Juan Carlos Castillo, José Seijas, Amanda López-Picado, Vicente Peral, Luis Maroto and J. Alberto San Román

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:417

    Content type: Study protocol

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  46. Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the primary pathogen associated with pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs). Moreover, there has been an increase in the proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing KP. ...

    Authors: Yue Ren, Hairui Wang, Zhihui Chang and Zhaoyu Liu

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:416

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Carbapenem is frequently used when gram negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia is detected especially in neutropenic patients. Consequently, appropriate treatment could be delayed in GNB bacteremia cases involving ...

    Authors: Dong Hoon Shin, Dong-Yeop Shin, Chang Kyung Kang, Suhyeon Park, Jieun Park, Kang Il Jun, Taek Soo Kim, Youngil Koh, Jun Shik Hong, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Wan Beom Park, Nam-Joong Kim, Sung-soo Yoon, Inho Kim and Myoung-don Oh

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:404

    Content type: Research article

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  49. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis is recommended after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In patients who are unable to take first-line prophylaxis, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, aero...

    Authors: Wedad B. Awad, Alaa Asaad, Nardin Al-Yasein and Rula Najjar

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:400

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Disseminated cryptococcosis is a well-characterized complication in immunocompromised patients with cryptococcal pneumonia or meningitis; however, isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis is a rare entity that occu...

    Authors: Takashi Matsuki, Shunsuke Miyamoto and Taku Yamashita

    Citation: BMC Infectious Diseases 2020 20:399

    Content type: Case report

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