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Table 4 Diagnostic tools used in mold infections

From: Changes in the epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in a Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit: the relevance of breakthrough infections

Case

Year

IFD diagnosis

GM in serum

GM in BAL

BDGb (pg/ml)

Mycological data: pathogen, technique, sample (number)

Radiological findings. Unilateral or bilateral pattern

1

2006

Possible

0.25

ND

NA

 

Bilateral. Nodules

2

2007

Possible

0.39

ND

NA

 

Unilateral. Alveolar consolidation

3

2007

Probable

3.30c

ND

NA

 

Bilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates, pseudonodules

4

2007

Possible

0.51

ND

NA

 

Bilateral. Nodules

5

2011

Probable

4.34c

ND

NA

 

Bilateral. Bronchoceles

6

2011

Probable

1.48c

ND

NA

 

Bilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates, pseudonodules

7a

2012

Probable

2.20c

ND

NA

Cunninghamella spp, PCR, pleural effusion (2)

Unilateral. Alveolar consolidation

8a

2013

Possible

0.42

ND

NA

 

Bilateral. Alveolar consolidations, pulmonary infiltrates, pseudonodules

9

2014

Possible

0.48

0.23

NA

Aspergillus spp, PCR, BAL (1)

Unilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates

10a

2014

Proven

ND

ND

NA

 

Bilateral. Alveolar consolidations, cavity

11a

2015

Possible

0.25

0.19

NA

 

Bilateral. Pseudonodules, halo sign

12

2015

Probable

0.69

2.24c

NA

 

Unilateral. Alveolar consolidation

13

2015

Possible

0.30

0.10

NA

Aspergillus spp, PCR, BAL (1)

Bilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates, nodules, halo sign

14a

2016

Possible

0.60

0.21

NA

 

Bilateral. Alveolar consolidations, pulmonary infiltrates

15

2016

Probable

0.10

1.84c

NA

 

Unilateral. Alveolar consolidation, pulmonary infiltrates

16a

2016

Probable

7.22c

ND

NA

Aspergillus ustus, culture, BAS (1)

Bilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates, nodules

17

2016

Probable

0.24

2.17c

NA

 

Bilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates, pseudonodules

18

2017

Possible

0.11

0.09

NA

Myriangiales spp, PCR, BAL (1)

Bilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates, nodules, pseudonodules, cavities

19

2017

Possible

0.09

0.15

NA

Aspergillus spp, PCR, BAL (1)

Unilateral. Nodules, halo sign

20

2017

Possible

0.09

0.16

NA

 

Unilateral. Alveolar consolidation, pulmonary infiltrates

21

2018

Possible

0.16

0.13

3.30

 

Unilateral. Alveolar consolidation

22

2019

Possible

0.21

0.19

90.50c

 

Unilateral. Pulmonary infiltrates

23

2019

Possible

0.15

0.28

62.10c

 

Unilateral. Alveolar consolidation, nodules, halo sign

  1. Abbreviations: BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage, BAS Bronchial aspirate, BDG (1-3)-β-D-glucan, GM Galactomannan, NA Not available, ND Not done, PCR Polymerase chain reaction
  2. anon-survival cases
  3. bdetermined by Wako® manufacturer (positive cut off > 11.1 pg/ml)
  4. cpositive results. In bold font: proven and probable cases