| Unadjusted Cox Model | Adjusted Cox Model1 | Multivariable Cox Model2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI3 | p-value4 | aHR | 95% CI3 | p-value4 | aHR | 95% CI3 | p-value4 | |
Age | 1.00 | 0.96, 1.05 | 0.981 | 1.01 | 0.96, 1.06 | 0.670 | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.05 | 0.980 |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.003 | Â | Â | 0.012 | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 Female | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  | |
 Male | 4.13 | 1.53,16.92 |  | 3.66 | 1.29,15.39 |  | 4.23 | 1.46,17.94 | |
Study site | Â | Â | 0.006 | Â | Â | 0.028 | Â | Â | 0.082 |
 Indonesia | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  | |
 Ukraine | 0.37 | 0.19, 0.68 |  | 0.46 | 0.23, 0.86 |  | 0.62 | 0.26, 1.40 | |
 Vietnam | 0.56 | 0.32, 0.98 |  | 0.52 | 0.29, 0.91 |  | 0.50 | 0.27, 0.92 | |
Study arm | Â | Â | 0.019 | Â | Â | 0.015 | Â | Â | 0.013 |
 SOC | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |
 Intervention | 0.46 | 0.21, 0.89 |  | 0.45 | 0.21, 0.87 |  | 0.44 | 0.20, 0.85 |  |
Alcohol use in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.019 | Â | Â | 0.012 | Â | Â | Â |
 Non Hazardous alcohol use | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Hazardous alcohol use | 0.46 | 0.21, 0.89 |  | 0.44 | 0.20, 0.84 |  |  |  |  |
Injecting opioids in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.009 | Â | Â | 0.049 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.41 | 0.22, 0.79 |  | 0.50 | 0.26, 1.00 |  |  |  |  |
Injecting stimulants in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.023 | Â | Â | 0.160 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.36 | 0.11, 0.88 |  | 0.49 | 0.14, 1.29 |  |  |  |  |
Injecting other drugs in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.005 | Â | Â | 0.038 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.32 | 0.11, 0.73 |  | 0.35 | 0.11, 0.95 |  |  |  |  |
No injecting drug use in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.013 | Â | Â | 0.077 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 2.39 | 1.21, 4.48 |  | 1.91 | 0.93, 3.76 |  |  |  |  |
Injecting polydrug use in the past 3 months |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.006 |  |  | 0.005 |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |
 Yes | 0.29 | 0.12, 0.60 |  | 0.29 | 0.11, 0.71 |  | 0.28 | 0.10, 0.69 |  |
 # of days of injecting drugs use in the past month | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.02 | 0.851 | 1.01 | 0.99, 1.03 | 0.381 |  |  |  |
Non-injecting opioids use in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.253 | Â | Â | 0.271 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.48 | 0.08, 1.54 |  | 0.49 | 0.08, 1.61 |  |  |  |  |
Non-injecting stimulants use in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.289 | Â | Â | 0.755 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.32 | 0.78, 2.17 |  | 0.91 | 0.50, 1.62 |  |  |  |  |
Non-injecting other drug use in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.206 | Â | Â | 0.124 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.73 | 0.45, 1.19 |  | 0.67 | 0.40, 1.12 |  |  |  |  |
No non-injecting drug use in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.230 | Â | Â | 0.040 | Â | Â | 0.088 |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |
 Yes | 1.36 | 0.82, 2.23 |  | 1.78 | 1.03, 3.05 |  | 1.62 | 0.93, 2.78 |  |
Non-injecting polydrug use in the past 3Â months | Â | Â | 0.809 | Â | Â | 0.484 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.08 | 0.57, 1.89 |  | 0.80 | 0.41, 1.47 |  |  |  |  |
OAT status | Â | Â | 0.844 | Â | Â | 0.912 | Â | Â | Â |
 Ever used | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 OAT naive | 1.05 | 0.64, 1.71 |  | 0.97 | 0.59, 1.60 |  |  |  |  |
ART status | Â | Â | 0.315 | Â | Â | 0.327 | Â | Â | Â |
 ART naive | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 previously on ART | 0.47 | 0.11, 1.31 |  | 0.47 | 0.11, 1.32 |  |  |  |  |
 current on ART | 0.78 | 0.45, 1.32 |  | 0.78 | 0.44, 1.36 |  |  |  |  |
Depression | Â | Â | 0.837 | Â | Â | 0.052 | Â | Â | 0.012 |
 no/mild | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |
 moderate/severe | 1.06 | 0.58, 1.85 |  | 2.06 | 0.99, 4.11 |  | 2.55 | 1.24, 5.01 |  |
Internalized stigma | Â | Â | 0.725 | Â | Â | 0.675 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.91 | 0.56, 1.51 |  | 0.90 | 0.54, 1.50 |  |  |  |  |
Experienced stigma | Â | Â | 0.490 | Â | Â | 0.423 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.82 | 0.44, 1.43 |  | 0.79 | 0.42, 1.39 |  |  |  |  |
Anticipated stigma | Â | Â | 0.125 | Â | Â | 0.097 | Â | Â | 0.043 |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |
 Yes | 0.68 | 0.42, 1.11 |  | 0.65 | 0.40, 1.08 |  | 0.59 | 0.36, 0.98 |  |
Total stigma | Â | Â | 0.171 | Â | Â | 0.143 | Â | Â | Â |
 No | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 0.67 | 0.40, 1.19 |  | 0.65 | 0.38, 1.16 |  |  |  |  |
Viral suppression | Â | Â | 0.036 | Â | Â | 0.084 | Â | Â | Â |
 ≥ 40 copies/mL | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |  |  |  |
 < 40 copies/mL | 0.43 | 0.16, 0.95 |  | 0.49 | 0.18, 1.09 |  |  |  |  |
CD4 count |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
 < 200 cells/μL | REF |  |  | REF |  |  | REF |  |  |
 ≥ 200 cells/μL | 0.28 | 0.17, 0.46 |  | 0.31 | 0.19, 0.50 |  | 0.29 | 0.17, 0.47 |  |