Variable | No. of Deaths | Person-Years | CMR per 100PY [95% CI]a | SMR [95% CI]b |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 66 | 633.01 | 10.4 [8.1, 13.3] | 30.7 [23.7, 39.0] |
Gender | ||||
 Female | 3 | 106.90 | 2.8 [0.6, 8.2] | 17.2 [3.6, 50.4] |
 Male | 63 | 526.11 | 12.0 [9.2, 15.3] | 31.9 [24.5, 40.8] |
Study site | ||||
 Indonesia | 26 | 142.61 | 18.2 [11.9, 26.7] | 96.6 [63.1, 142] |
 Ukraine | 16 | 247.84 | 6.5 [3.7, 10.5] | 13.2 [7.5, 21.4] |
 Vietnam | 24 | 242.56 | 9.9 [6.3, 14.7] | 35.9 [23.0, 53.5] |
Study site by Gender | ||||
 Indonesia – Female | 0 | 13.13 | 0.0 [0.0, 28.1] | 0.0 [0.0, 212.8] |
 Indonesia – Male | 26 | 129.48 | 20.1 [13.1, 29.4] | 103 [67.5, 151.3] |
 Ukraine – Female | 3 | 92.16 | 3.3 [0.7, 9.5] | 19.3 [4.0, 56.5] |
 Ukraine – Male | 13 | 155.68 | 8.4 [4.5, 14.3] | 12.3 [6.5, 21.0] |
 Vietnam – Female | 0 | 1.60 | 0.0 [0.0, 230.2] | 0.0 [0.0, 2348.9] |
 Vietnam – Male | 24 | 240.95 | 10.0 [6.4, 14.8] | 36.0 [23.1, 53.6] |
Study arm | ||||
 SOC | 57 | 472.22 | 12.1 [9.1, 15.6] | 35.6 [27.0, 46.1] |
 Intervention | 9 | 160.79 | 5.6 [2.6, 10.6] | 16.3 [7.5, 31.0] |
Alcohol use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 Non-hazardous alcohol use | 53 | 431.75 | 12.3 [9.2, 16.1] | 40.0 [30.0, 52.3] |
 Hazardous alcohol use | 13 | 201.26 | 6.5 [3.4, 11.1] | 15.7 [8.4, 26.9] |
Injected opioids in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 15 | 121.29 | 12.4 [6.9, 20.4] | 53.7 [30.1, 88.6] |
 Yes | 51 | 511.72 | 10.0 [7.4, 13.1] | 27.2 [20.3, 35.8] |
Injected stimulants in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 62 | 550.59 | 11.3 [8.6, 14.4] | 35.1 [26.9, 45.0] |
 Yes | 4 | 82.42 | 4.9 [1.3, 12.4] | 10.4 [2.8, 26.5] |
Injected other drugs in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 61 | 500.08 | 12.2 [9.3, 15.7] | 40.7 [31.1, 52.2] |
 Yes | 5 | 132.93 | 3.8 [1.2, 8.8] | 7.7 [2.5, 17.9] |
No injecting drug use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 52 | 516.29 | 10.1 [7.5, 13.2] | 27.5 [20.6, 36.1] |
 Yes | 14 | 116.72 | 12.0 [6.6, 20.1] | 53.5 [29.3, 89.8] |
Injecting polydrug use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 59 | 456.33 | 12.9 [9.8, 16.7] | 45.1 [34.4, 58.2] |
 Yes | 7 | 176.67 | 4.0 [1.6, 8.2] | 8.3 [3.3, 17.1] |
Non-injected opioid use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 64 | 596.37 | 10.7 [8.3, 13.7] | 31.2 [24.0, 39.8] |
 Yes | 2 | 36.63 | 5.5 [0.7, 19.7] | 20.5 [2.5, 74.1] |
Non-injected stimulant use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 43 | 461.43 | 9.3 [6.7, 12.6] | 25.1 [18.2, 33.8] |
 Yes | 23 | 171.57 | 13.4 [8.5, 20.1] | 52.4 [33.2, 78.6] |
Non-injecting other drug use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 35 | 280.60 | 12.5 [8.7, 17.4] | 40.6 [28.3, 56.5] |
 Yes | 31 | 352.41 | 8.8 [6.0, 12.5] | 24.0 [16.3, 34.1] |
No non-injecting drug use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 41 | 436.69 | 9.4 [6.7, 12.7] | 27.6 [19.8, 37.5] |
 Yes | 25 | 196.31 | 12.7 [8.2, 18.8] | 37.5 [24.2, 55.3] |
Non-injecting polydrug use in the past 3Â months | ||||
 No | 52 | 511.98 | 10.2 [7.6, 13.3] | 28.6 [21.4, 37.5] |
 Yes | 14 | 121.03 | 11.6 [6.3, 19.4] | 42.0 [23.0, 70.5] |
OAT status | ||||
 ever used | 33 | 349.54 | 9.4 [6.5, 13.3] | 28.2 [19.4, 39.6] |
 OAT naïve | 33 | 283.46 | 11.6 [8.0, 16.4] | 33.7 [23.2, 47.3] |
ART status | ||||
 ART naïve | 38 | 253.26 | 15.0 [10.6, 20.6] | 40.7 [28.8, 55.9] |
 previously on ART | 3 | 53.80 | 5.6 [1.2, 16.3] | 18.8 [3.9, 55.0] |
 current on ART | 25 | 325.95 | 7.7 [5.0, 11.3] | 23.6 [15.3, 34.9] |
Depression | ||||
 no/mild | 51 | 512.93 | 9.9 [7.4, 13.1] | 31.6 [23.5, 41.5] |
 moderate/severe | 15 | 120.08 | 12.5 [7.0, 20.6] | 28.0 [15.7, 46.2] |
Internalized stigma | ||||
 No | 27 | 270.31 | 10.0 [6.6, 14.5] | 26.9 [17.7, 39.2] |
 Yes | 39 | 362.70 | 10.8 [7.7, 14.7] | 34.0 [24.2, 46.4] |
Experienced stigma | ||||
 No | 51 | 495.83 | 10.3 [7.7, 13.5] | 30.7 [22.8, 40.3] |
 Yes | 15 | 137.18 | 10.9 [6.1, 18.0] | 30.8 [17.2, 50.8] |
Anticipated stigma | ||||
 No | 29 | 234.27 | 12.4 [8.3, 17.8] | 34.1 [22.9, 49.0] |
 Yes | 37 | 398.74 | 9.3 [6.5, 12.8] | 28.4 [20.0, 39.2] |
Total stigma | ||||
 No | 18 | 147.21 | 12.2 [7.3, 19.3] | 32.6 [19.3, 51.5] |
 Yes | 48 | 485.80 | 9.9 [7.3, 13.1] | 30.0 [22.1, 39.8] |
Viral suppression | ||||
 ≥ 40 copies/mL | 60 | 468.00 | 12.8 [9.8, 16.5] | 38.9 [29.7, 50.0] |
 < 40 copies/mL | 6 | 165.01 | 3.6 [1.3, 7.9] | 9.9 [3.6, 21.5] |
CD4 count | ||||
 < 200 cells/μL | 39 | 187.63 | 20.8 [14.8, 28.4] | 60.6 [43.1, 82.8] |
 ≥ 200 cells/μL | 27 | 445.38 | 6.1 [4.0, 8.8] | 17.9 [11.8, 26.1] |