Table 1 The demographic and clinical characteristics of 5 HIV-infected patients who developed extrapulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii infection and that had their cases reported after 1997
Case 1 [11] | Case 2 [8] | Case 3 [12] | Case 4 [13] | Case 5 [10] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age / gender | 38 years / male | 46 years / male | 39 years / male | 31 years / male | 39 years / male |
Treatment status | ART | Treatment naive | Treatment naive | Poor adherence | Treatment naïve |
CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 180 | 1.8 | 20 | < 200 | 36 |
Duration of symptom onset | 1 month | 6 months | 2 weeks | 3 weeks | 1 year |
Clinical presentation | Left ear otorrhea, progressive deafness | Prolonged fever, dyspnea, abdominal pain | Productive cough with dyspnea | Diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever | Decreased appetite, abdominal fullness, weight loss, anemia |
Organ involvement | Left external-middle ear to middle cranial fossa | Liver, pancreas, spleen, vertebrae, paravertebral soft tissue, pleura, jejunum | Lung, liver, intra-abdominal lymph nodes, jejunum | Lung, liver, spleen | Spleen, liver, bilateral adrenal gland |
Investigation | Mass biopsy for histologic diagnosis | Vertebral lesion biopsy for histologic diagnosis | Sputum PCR – positive, liver biopsy: organism not found | Spleen and lung biopsy for histologic diagnosis | Spleen biopsy for histologic diagnosis – PCR positive |
Treatment | IV TMP and oral dapsone for 3 weeks | TMP/SMX for 3 weeks | TMP/SMX for 3 weeks | TMP/SMX | IV TMP/SMX for 3 weeks then IV pentamidine for 3 weeks, surgicaldrainage |
Outcome | Full recovery | Improved | Improved | Improved | Full recovery |