Table 1 Definitions of any types of healthcare-associated infections to measure the incidence rate and reporting accuracy

SSI^ф

Superficial Incisional

Infections 30 days after the operation and infection involves only skin and subcutaneous tissue, and at least one of the following criteria: I. Purulent drainage from the superficial incision. II. Culture-positive from the superficial incision. III. At least one of the following signs or symptoms of infection: pain or tenderness, localized swelling, redness, or fever, and superficial incision that is deliberately opened by the surgeon and not cultured. IV. Diagnosis of superficial incisional SSI by the surgeon or attending physician

Deep Incisional

Deep SSI infection is identified by infections 30 or 90 days after the operation. It involves deep soft tissues (e.g., fascial and muscle layers), and the patient has at least one of the following: I. Purulent drainage from the deep incision. II. A deep incision spontaneously dehisces or is deliberately opened by a surgeon and is culture-positive or not cultured. The patient has at least one of the following signs or symptoms: a. Fever above 38 °C (100.4°F) or localized pain or tenderness. b. The evidence of abscess or infection in direct examination or by histopathologic or radiologic examination

SUTI¹

CAUT^ɰ

I. The patient was fitted with a Foley catheter for two days, II. And at least one of the following symptoms or signs involved: fever above 38 °C (100.4°F), suprapubic tenderness, costovertebral angle tenderness or pain, urinary incontinence, frequent urination, urine urgency, III. And positive culture

non-CAUTI^ʤ

I. Patients have no Foley catheter, II. And at least one symptom, and sign fever above 38 °C (100.4°F), suprapubic tenderness, costovertebral angle tenderness or pain, urinary incontinence, frequent urination, urine urgency III. And positive culture

BSI²

Definite: I. At least a positive culture with well-known pathogen BSI, II. And non-secondary BSI

VAP^ϯ

VAP is a definite combination of laboratory and clinical findings as I. After at least 2 days stability of the patient’s condition with ventilation, at least raise 0.20 in min FiO2 for a least 2 days, or at least grow three cm H₂O in PEEP for at least two days. II. Fever above 38 °C (100.4°F), leukopenia (WBC 4000/mm³ or less) or leukocytosis (WBC 12,000/mm³ or more), and began new antibiotic at least four days. III. Purulent respiratory secretion IIII, and positive culture