Table 2 Barriers and facilitators for adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures from a SDH perspective
Measure | Barriers | Facilitators | SDH involved |
|---|---|---|---|
Social distancing | Having to use public transportation for commutes Not being able to order groceries online because of geographical location, leading to going to overcrowded markets Standard social practices such as kissing and hugging Trusting friends’ and acquaintances’ compliance of measures outside of the friend group Lack of reliable and relatable information | Being able to order groceries online Fear of illness and death | Socioeconomic level Geographical location Cultural practices Age Government policies |
Quarantines | Length of mandatory quarantines and curfews Gender imbalances and expectations that women would have to work and perform care at the same time Informal labor and loss of daily wages | Gradual implementation of the Step-by-Step Plan | Lifestyle Government policies Gender Socioeconomic level Employment |
Face masks | Lack of reliable and relatable information Price Misuse Beliefs and practices around socializing Diminishing fear of getting infected Discomfort | Inclusion as part of daily life Fear of illness and death | Lifestyle and beliefs Social practices Government policies Socioeconomic level |
Hand washing | Diminishing fear of getting infected Replacing hand washing with using hand sanitizer Geographical disparities regarding availability of hand sanitizer in public places Lack of access to clean water | Inclusion as part of daily life Fear of illness and death Previous experience with epidemics | Lifestyle and beliefs Age Geographical location Access to clean water |
COVID-19 PCR testing | Eligibility requirements of the public healthcare system Overcrowded public testing centres Cost of private testing Informal labor and loss of daily wages Lack of easily accessible information regarding reach-out activities with free testing Risk of discrimination | Positive attitudes and experiences towards testing Access to private testing Having a formal work contract Reach-out activities with free testing | Attitudes and beliefs Government policies Socioeconomic level Healthcare system Literacy Employment |
Traceability | Lack of intersectoral coordination Lack of reliable reporting Restriction of freedom and lack of privacy | Positive attitude towards the usefulness of traceability | Attitudes and beliefs Government policies |