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Table 1 Meta-analysis of HBV prevalence among subgroups in Egypt

From: Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in Egypt (2000–2022): a systematic review with meta-analysis

Group

Subgroup

No. of estimates

Sample size (n)

Pooled proportion (%)

95% CI (%)

Heterogeneity

I2% (inconsistency)

Cochran Q

P value

Low-risk

Children below 20 years with a history of HBV vaccination during infancy

8

5960

0.69

[0.23:1.4]

76.2

29.4

0.0001

Healthy adults

12

68,494

2.4

[1.28: 3.9]

74.3

42.8

 < 0.0001

Pregnant women

9

5522

2.95

[1.6:4.6]

89.8

78.3

 < 0.0001

blood donors

15

750,515

1.8

[1.4:2.3]

99.4

2235

 < 0.0001

total

44

830,491

1.93

[1.55:2.35]

99

4452.6

 < 0.0001

Intermediate-risk

Health care workers

7

2554

1.1

[0.55:1.8]

53.9

13

0.043

Other workers

3

2502

2.73

[1.26:4.73]

83.9

12.4

0.002

total

10

5056

     

High-risk

Patients with hemolytic anemia and hemodialysis patients

10

1440

6.34

HBV-infected

95.8

216.3

 < 0.0001

direct contact with HBV-infected patients

1

154

HIV-infected patient

1

141

total

12

1735

5.86

[1.8:12]

95.2

230.4

 < 0.0001

Liver related conditions

HCC

2

2362

18.6

[4.69:38.9]

99.2

125.6

 < 0.0001

HCV

2

308

1.57

[0.49:3.25]

0

0.257

0.6117

CLD

2

21,215

34

[8.8:65.59]

97.5

40

 < 0.0001

 

Total

 

23,885

     

Special cases

Patients with malignancies

6

526

25.5

[14.37:38.6]

89.5

47.6

 < 0.0001

Heterogeneous cases

4

345

2.27

[0.95:4.1]

2.7

3.08

0.3788

Overall total

82

862,037

3.67

[3:4.39]

99.5

15,617

 < 0.0001

  1. HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV hepatitis C virus, CLD chronic liver disease