Table 1 Epidemiological characteristics of severe HFMD cases in Guangxi, 2014–2018, grouped by survival and death
Characteristics | Total n | Survival n (%) | Death n (%) | χ2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
 Male | 998 | 948 (94.99) | 50 (5.01) | 3.26 | 0.07 |
 Female | 567 | 526 (92.77) | 41 (7.23) |  |  |
Age (years) | |||||
 0–1 years | 160 | 144 (90.00) | 16 (10.00) | 7.36 | 0.06 |
 1–2 years | 687 | 656 (95.49) | 31 (4.51) |  |  |
 2–3 years | 414 | 389 (93.96) | 25 (6.04) |  |  |
 3 years or older | 298 | 280 (93.96) | 18 (6.04) |  |  |
Area | |||||
 Urban | 271 | 256 (94.46) | 15 (5.54) |  |  |
 Rural | 1288 | 1213 (94.18) | 75 (5.82) | 0.03 | 0.85 |
Registered residence | |||||
 Long-term | 1527 | 1441 (94.37) | 86 (5.63) |  |  |
 Migrant | 30 | 27 (90.00) | 3 (10.00) | 1.04 | 0.31 |
Group classification | |||||
 Kindergarten children | 204 | 193 (94.61) | 11 (5.39) | 0.34 | 0.89 |
 Scattered children | 1341 | 1263 (94.18) | 78 (5.82) |  |  |
 School student | 15 | 14 (93.33) | 1 (6.67) |  |  |
No. of children 0–5 years old in the family | |||||
 ≤ 1 | 678 | 638 (94.10) | 40 (5.90) |  |  |
 2–3 | 555 | 525 (94.59) | 30 (5.41) |  |  |
 ≥ 4 | 125 | 120 (96.00) | 5 (4.00) | 0.76 | 0.69 |
Milk feeding way | |||||
 Breast milk | 1 151 | 1 090 (94.70) | 61 (5.30) | 0.48 | 0.79 |
 Milk powder | 84 | 81 (96.43) | 3 (3.57) |  |  |
 Mix feeding | 296 | 281 (94.93) | 15 (5.07) |  |  |
EV-A71 vaccination | |||||
 Yes | 628 | 614 (97.77) | 14 (2.23) |  |  |
 No | 925 | 858 (92.76) | 67 (7.24) | 19.02 |  < 0.01 |
Visiting hospital previously | |||||
 Yes | 38 | 33 (86.84) | 5 (13.16) |  |  |
 No | 1514 | 1430 (94.45) | 84 (5.55) | 3.97 | 0.04 |
HFMD history of playmates in the last 3Â months | |||||
 Yes | 231 | 208 (90.04) | 23 (9.96) |  |  |
 No | 1318 | 1253 (95.07) | 65 (4.93) | 9.26 |  < 0.01 |
History of chicken pox, eczema, etc. in the last month | |||||
 Yes | 115 | 112 (97.39) | 3 (2.61) |  |  |
 No | 1433 | 1349 (94.14) | 84 (5.86) | 2.12 | 0.14 |
Time interval from disease onset to first visit to hospital | |||||
 ≤ 1 day | 1321 | 1245 (94.27) | 76 (5.75) | 0.81 | 0.67 |
 1–2 days | 134 | 127 (94.78) | 7 (5.22) |  |  |
 ≥ 3 days | 103 | 95 (92.23) | 8 (7.77) |  |  |
Hospital grade of first visit | |||||
 Village | 429 | 390 (90.91) | 39 (9.09) | 18.44 | < 0.01 |
 Township | 211 | 195 (92.42) | 16 (7.58) |  |  |
 County | 573 | 546 (95.29) | 27 (4.71) |  |  |
 City | 341 | 333 (97.65) | 8 (2.35) |  |  |
Correct diagnosis at first visit | |||||
 Yes | 1066 | 1024 (96.06) | 42 (3.94) |  |  |
 No | 490 | 442 (90.20) | 48 (9.80) | 21.124 | < 0.01 |
Time interval from first visit to diagnosis of severe HFMD | |||||
 ≤ 1 day | 740 | 691 (93.38) | 49 (6.62) | 6.91 | 0.03 |
 1–2 days | 361 | 336 (93.07) | 25 (6.93) |  |  |
 ≥ 3 days | 452 | 437 (96.68) | 15 (3.32) |  |  |
Hospital grade of severe HFMD diagnosis | |||||
 County grade or below | 607 | 566 | 41 | 1.95 | 0.16 |
 City grade | 947 | 899 | 48 |  |  |
Time interval from first visit to admission | |||||
 ≤ 1 day | 882 | 829 (93.99) | 53 (6.01) | 0.95 | 0.62 |
 1–2 days | 328 | 307 (93.60) | 21 (6.40) |  |  |
 ≥ 3 days | 336 | 320 (95.24) | 16 (4.76) |  |  |
Clinical severity at admission | |||||
 Mild | 316 | 300 (94.94) | 16 (5.06) |  |  |
 Severe | 1137 | 1094 (96.22) | 43 (3.79) |  |  |
 Critical | 92 | 61 (66.30) | 31 (33.70) | 139.25 | < 0.01 |
Fever | |||||
 Yes | 1514 | 1428 (94.32) | 86 (5.68) | 0.25 | 0.62 |
 No | 47 | 43 (91.49) | 4 (8.51) |  |  |
Rash symptoms | |||||
 Yes | 1517 | 1434 (94.53) | 83 (5.47) | 13.27 | < 0.01 |
 No | 31 | 24 (77.42) | 7 (22.58) |  |  |