Table 1 Characteristics of studies that reported the relationship between vitamin D3 status and childhood infectious diarrhea
Study (first author’s name and year of publication) | Country of study | Study setting | Study population (sample size and age/sex distribution) | Study design |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluisio et al. [17], 2013 | Afghanistan | Five inner-city districts of Kabul/Passive surveillance center at Maiwind Teaching Hospital | -N = 3046 -1-11 months -Equal M/F distribution | Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial |
Thornton et al. [23], 2013 | Colombia | Hospital-based setting in Bogotá | -N = 475 -Mean (± SD) age: 8.9 ± 1.6 years | Longitudinal/Prospective study |
Mileva et al. [15], 2014 | Bulgaria | Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Varna | -N = 77 (n = 30, group A patients†& n = 47, group B patients‡) -12-42 months | Cohort study |
Talachian et al. [22], 2015 | Iran | Department of Pediatrics, Hazrat-e-Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran | -N = 50 (n = 25 with acute infectious diarrhea & n = 25 as controls) -6 months-15 years -Mean (± SD) age: 25.9 ± 25.6 months M/F ratio: 1.7:1 * & 1.5:1 § | Cross-sectional study |
Bucak et al. [25], 2016 | Turkey | Department of Pediatrics, Adıyaman University School of Medicine, Adıyaman | -N = 137 (n = 70 with rotaviral diarrhea & n = 67 as healthy controls) -1-5 years | Cross-sectional study |
Ahmed et al. [26], 2016 | Bangladesh | Community-based setting in the urban community of Mirpur, Dhaka | -N = 912 (n = 446 normal-weight children & n = 466 underweight children) -6-24 months | Cohort study |
Palframan et al. [24], 2018 | Colombia | Community-based setting in the context of Bogotá School Children Cohort | -N = 540 -Mean ± SD age: 8 ± 1.6 years -M/F:48%/52% | Longitudinal study |
Mahyar et al. [16], 2019 | Iran | Qazvin Children Hospital, affiliated with Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Qazvin, Iran) | -N = 120 (n = 60 with acute bacterial diarrhea & n = 60 as controls) -2 months-12 years -M/F: 63.3%/36.7% * & 51.6%/48.4%§ | Cross-sectional study |
Hassam et al. [21], 2019 | Tanzania | Muhimbili National hospital, Dar es Salaam | -N = 188 under-five children (n = 47, cases n = 94, sick controls & n = 47, healthy controls) -Mean ± SD age: 17.01 ± 14.8 months -M/F: 70.2%/29.8% * & 53.2%/46.8%§ | Unmatched case-control study |