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Table 2 Adjusted risk differences for adverse inpatient outcomes between antecedent statin users and non-users, Northwestern Medical Group, March 2020-September 2022

From: Association of statin use with outcomes of patients admitted with COVID-19: an analysis of electronic health records using superlearner

Adverse Inpatient Outcomes

Unadjusted Rate per 100 admitted patients (%)

Risk difference1 (%) (95% CI)

Antecedent statin users (n = 4,412)

Non-users (n = 11,112)

Unadjussted

Baseline

Baseline + Site

Baseline + Site + Clinical

Composite outcome

14.8

19.3

 − 4.5 (− 5.7, − 3.2)*

 − 3.4 (− 4.6, − 2.1)*

 − 3.3 (− 4.5, − 2.1)*

 − 2.4 (− 3.4, − 1.5)*

Intensive care unit admission

13.9

18.3

 − 4.4 (− 5.6, − 3.1)*

 − 3.3 (− 4.5, − 2.1)*

 − 3.2 (− 4.4, − 2.0)*

 − 2.4 (− 3.4, − 1.4)*

Intubation

5.1

8.3

 − 3.2 (− 4.0, − 2.3)*

 − 1.9 (− 2.8, − 1.0)*

 − 1.7 (− 2.5, − 0.9)*

 − 1.3 (− 2.0, − 0.7)*

Inpatient death

4.4

5.2

 − 0.8 (− 1.5, − 0.07)*

 − 0.6 (− 1.3, 0.1)

 − 0.5 (− 1.2, 0.1)

 − 0.4 (− 0.9, 0.1)

  1. * − 95% confidence interval lies on the same side of null (zero) suggesting significant difference between the two groups. 1—Risk difference calculated as risk among statin users minus risk among non-users. Unadjusted risk difference is based on an unweighted logistic regression model with just exposure status as a covariate. Baseline covariates include age, gender, body mass index 25 or higher (binary), race, Hispanic ethnicity, county of residence, co-morbidities (asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease), and month of admission. Site variables are dummies for hospital facility and clinical variables include baseline measures of heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation