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Table 1 ROBINS-I analysis

From: COVID arm as a common cutaneous manifestation after mRNA-1273 vaccination: a systematic review

Study

Confounding bias

participants bias

intervention bias

Missing data bias

Outcome bias

Reporting bias

Overall risk bias

Blumenthal et al. [19]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Catala et al. [24]

No

No

No

Yes

No

No

Low

Guerrero et al. [25]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Gregoriou et al. [26]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Higashino et al. [9]

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

Low

Hoff et al. [11]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Jacobson et al. [14]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Johnston et al. [27]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Larson et al. [4]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Lindgren et al. [16]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

McMahon et al. [6]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Papamanoli et al. [28]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Picone et al. [29]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Robb et al. [30]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Tihy et al. [31]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Wei et al. [32]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Xu et al. [33]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

Zengarini et al. [34]

No

No

No

No

No

No

Low

  1. Bias analysis shows that all journals have a clear population, intervention, comparison, and outcome. These journals are mostly case series, followed by cross-sectional and cohort retrospectives. There is 1 journal with missing data bias and 1 journal with participant bias