Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit drug use and their association with CD4/CD8 cell count ratio in people with controlled HIV: a cross-sectional study (ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA-QuAliV)

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analyses of smoking, alcohol, cannabis, and drug use compared to non-use in PLWH, QuAliV-ANRS CO3 AQUIVIH-NA Cohort, 2018–2019, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (N = 660)

	Univariate analysis				Multivariate analysis*
	Non-user CD4/CD8 ratio (β0)	Mean CD4/CD8 ratio difference	95% interval confidence	p-value^#	Mean CD4/CD8 ratio difference	95% interval confidence	p-value^#
Tobacco¹	1.12						0.391
Non-daily smoking or very low to low dependence vs. non-smoking^a		− 0.013	− 0.152; 0.127	0.857	0.014	− 0.136; 0.165	0.851
Medium dependence vs. non-smoking^b		0.087	− 0.090; 0.264	0.333	0.161	− 0.030; 0.351	0.098
High to very high dependence vs. non-smoking		− 0.068	− 0.239; 0.104	0.439	− 0.016	− 0.199; 0.167	0.863
Alcohol²	1.10						0.371
No misuse versus non-drinking		0.001	− 0.135; 0.138	0.986	0.054	− 0.089; 0.197	0.460
Misuse or dependence versus non-drinking		0.062	− 0.085; 0.209	0.406	0.108	− 0.045; 0.260	0.167
Cannabis	1.13
Current user vs. non-user		− 0.014	− 0.135; 0.107	0.819	0.027	− 0.124; 0.179	0.723
Poppers	1.15
Current user vs. non-user		− 0.222	− 0.385; − 0.059	0.008	− 0.159	− 0.341; 0.023	0.086
Cocaine	1.15
Current user vs. non-user		− 0.142	− 0.388; 0.105	0.259	− 0.086	− 0.371; 0.200	0.557
Amphetamines/ecstasy/MDMA/methamphetamines	1.15
Current user vs. non-user		− 0.010	− 0.283; 0.262	0.941	0.092	− 0.223; 0.406	0.567
Synthetic cathinones	1.15
Current user vs non-user		− 0.216	− 0.422; − 0.010	0.039	− 0.167	− 0.400; 0.065	0.157
GHB/GBL	1.15
Current user vs. non-user		− 0.229	− 0.515; 0.057	0.118	− 0.180	− 0.483; 0.122	0.242
« Chemsex drug user»³	1.15
Current user vs non-user		− 0.226	− 0.383; − 0.070	0.005	− 0.165	− 0.343; 0.012	0.068

*Adjustment factors: age, sex, HIV transmission risk group, time since diagnosis, other substance use
^#T-test or Fisher test (bold)
¹Based on the Fagerström test score, ²Based on the Audit-C test score, ³Poppers and/or cocaine and/or amphetamines and/or synthetic catinones and/or GHB/GBL use in a private home
^a“The average CD4/CD8 ratio is 0.013 lower in non-daily smokers or smokers with a very low to low nicotine addiction compared to non-smokers.
^b“The average CD4/CD8 ratio is 0.087 higher in smokers with a medium nicotine addiction compared to non-smokers

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