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Table 5 QoL scores among cohort and non-cares, at 60 months after disease onset (n = 320)

From: The clinical manifestation and the influence of age and comorbidities on long-term chikungunya disease and health-related quality of life: a 60-month prospective cohort study in Curaçao

 

Recovered (R)

Affected (A)

CHIK- (NC)

   
 

(n = 107)

(n = 62)

(n = 151)

 

Difference

Difference

 

Median (IQR)

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Mean (SD)

Median (IQR)

Mean (SD)

P-valuea

(R – NC)

P-valueb

(A – NC)

P-valueb

Physical functioning

90.0 (60.0–100)

80.4 (26.0)

65.0 (43.8–90.0)

65.6 (28.4)

95.0 (80.0–100)

85.9 (27.0)

 < .001

5.0

.27

− 30.0

 < .001

Social functioning

100 (87.5–100)

90.2 (16.4)

87.5 (75.0–100)

84.5 (17.8)

100 (87.5–100)

92.6 (16.3)

 < .001

0.0

.11

− 12.5

 < .001

Physical role functioning

100 (100–100)

81.3 (36.0)

100 (0.0–100)

64.5 (44.0)

100 (100–100)

90.1 (27.9)

 < .001

0.0

.03

0.0

 < .001

Emotional health perception

100 (100–100)

89.7 (29.1)

100 (100–100)

83.3 (33.5)

100 (100–100)

94.1 (21.8)

.01

0.0

.24

0.0

.003

Mental health

92.0 (76.0–100)

85.5 (15.6)

84.0 (67.0–92.0)

79.5 (17.5)

92.0 (84.0–100)

87.6 (15.0)

.003

0.0

.46

− 8.0

 < .001

Vitality

85.0 (65.0–95.0)

79.7 (17.3)

70.0 (55.0–85.0)

67.3 (20.5)

85.0 (75.0–95.0)

82.1 (15.1)

 < .001

0.0

.39

− 15.0

 < .001

Bodily pain

89.8 (67.4–100)

84.7 (19.7)

67.4 (48.5–79.6)

65.7 (20.6)

100 (79.6–100)

88.5 (18.4)

 < .001

-10.2

.05

− 32.6

 < .001

General health perception

75.0 (60.0–85.0)

71.7 (16.7)

55.0 (48.8–75.0)

58.3 (19.3)

75.0 (65.0–80.0)

74.4 (12.6)

 < .001

0.0

.38

− 20.0

 < .001

PCSc

87.4 (73.1–93.8)

79.5 (20.5)

66.2 (45.4–84.0)

63.5 (23.7)

91.3 (82.4–95.0)

84.7 (17.1)

 < .001

-3.9

.05

− 25.1

 < .001

Gender

           

Female

89.7 (79.0–95.0)

82.4 (18.6)

64.0 (39.7–84.3)

61.3 (24.4)

88.8 (80.9–95.0)

84.2 (17.7)

 < .001

0.9

.83

− 24.8

 < .001

Male

83.8 (50.6–91.2)

73.2 (23.3)

80.9 (61.2–85.2)

75.1 (15.5)

92.5 (86.7–95.0)

85.7 (16.1)

 < .001

-8.7

.002

-11.6

.004

Age, years

           

23–29

96.3 (96.3–96.3)

96.3 (0.0)

81.5 (80.6–81.5)

81.5 (1.3)

92.5 (88.6–95.3)

92.7 (3.7)

.04

3.8

.18

− 11.0

.03

30–44

93.8 (82.5–95.9)

88.1 (12.4)

63.7 (46.8–82.4)

63.1 (20.5)

91.3 (86.8–96.3)

85.9 (18.1)

.001

2.5

.84

− 27.6

.001

45–59

89.3 (80.0–95.0)

84.3 (15.7)

77.1 (55.5–89.6)

70.1 (21.4)

91.9 (86.2–95.0)

89.2 (12.5)

 < .001

− 2.6

.26

− 14.8

 < .001

 ≥ 60

81.8 (47.8–91.2)

69.8 (24.3)

50.5 (29.0–78.4)

53.3 (26.0)

88.8 (77.7–93.8)

81.5 (18.9)

 < .001

-7.0

.004

-38.3

 < .001

Comorbidities

           

Rheumatic disordersd

80.6 (44.0–89.2)

68.7 (24.7)

55.5 (31.9–66.5)

52.7 (19.7)

84.9 (59.3–88.6)

71.8 (23.9)

.01

− 4.3

.76

− 29.4

.006

Cardiovascular diseasese

82.4 (47.8–92.5)

73.1 (24.2)

63.1 (29.3–83.7)

58.0 (26.7)

82.4 (72.4–91.3)

76.0 (20.6)

.01

0.0

.94

− 19.3

.007

Diabetes mellitus

59.3 (37.8–90.3)

60.2 (27.9)

73.7 (23.2–85.6)

58.1 (31.4)

76.3 (62.1–88.7)

72.0 (22.4)

.43

− 17.0

.30

− 2.6

.29

Asthma

91.2 (75.9–96.3)

85.9 (12.4)

35.0 (26.2–77.1)

48.5 (25.1)

81.2 (34.4–92.5)

69.4 (33.1)

.02

10.0

.33

− 46.2

.33

Allergiesf

92.4 (58.4–95.0)

78.5 (25.8)

79.0 (51.8–84.3)

69.5 (21.8)

92.5 (85.5–93.8)

85.5 (16.8)

.05

− 0.1

.71

− 13.5

.01

MCSg

92.1 (81.0–97.5)

86.5 (15.5)

85.7 (70.6–92.0)

78.6 (18.3)

93.3 (86.8–97.5)

89.1 (13.7)

 < .001

− 1.2

.20

− 7.6

 < .001

Gender

           

Female

92.1 (81.4–98.8)

87.3 (14.3)

84.2 (65.3–90.3)

76.2 (18.7)

93.0 (86.3–96.4)

88.1 (14.6)

 < .001

− 0.9

.99

− 8.8

 < .001

Male

90.6 (78.7–96.5)

84.0 (18.0)

92.5 (89.9–96.6)

91.2 (7.7)

95.1 (88.5–98.8)

90.9 (11.9)

.07

− 4.5

.02

− 2.6

.41

Age, years

           

18–29

99.5 (99.0–99.5)

99.5 (0.7)

88.6 (86.0–88.6)

88.6 (3.7)

90.9 (87.1–94.2)

89.6 (8.5)

.12

8.6

.06

− 2.3

.49

30–44

93.7 (85.0–99.7)

88.9 (13.6)

75.3 (64.4–87.0)

72.3 (20.0)

86.5 (73.4–90.3)

80.0 (18.9)

.01

7.2

.05

-11.2

.16

45–59

91.6 (82.5–97.5)

88.8 (11.3)

89.9 (72.1–94.0)

80.9 (19.1)

94.8 (90.9–98.8)

93.1 (8.0)

.003

− 3.2

.10

− 4.9

 < .001

 ≥ 60

89.1 (75.7–96.6)

81.8 (19.2)

85.1 (66.4–90.2)

78.0 (16.9)

94.0 (86.8–97.3)

89.3 (14.2)

 < .001

− 4.9

.03

− 8.9

 < .001

Comorbidities

           

Rheumatic disordersd

89.3 (78.3–97.6)

83.3 (18.0)

82.5 (57.4–86.6)

73.6 (18.1)

90.5 (71.3–95.0)

81.8 (18.2)

.05

− 1.2

.56

-8.0

.08

Cardiovascular diseasese

90.8 (77.6–98.1)

83.3 (18.7)

84.3 (69.4–90.8)

78.7 (15.4)

90.9 (85.1–94.1)

85.5 (15.9)

.06

-0.1

.93

-6.6

.01

Diabetes mellitus

81.6 (70.2–89.6)

76.5 (20.6)

89.1 (83.0–96.3)

84.2 (19.2)

92.8 (81.9–97.9)

85.1 (19.5)

.14

− 11.2

.07

− 3.7

.54

Asthma

94.0 (88.0–100)

93.2 (6.8)

82.5 (58.8–87.4)

75.0 (16.0)

88.4 (43.1–92.4)

74.6 (30.9)

.01

5.6

.11

− 5.9

.50

Allergiesf

88.6 (64.7–98.8)

82.8 (18.2)

86.5 (74.4–92.3)

84.6 (10.5)

93.0 (70.9–95.3)

83.5 (19.7)

.87

− 4.4

.95

− 6.5

.48

  1. aTwo-sided P-value obtained using Kruskal–Wallis test; bTwo-sided P-value obtained using Mann-Withney U test as a post hoc test; cPhysical component summary (PCS) includes the domains Physical functioning, Physical role functioning, Bodily pain, and General health perception. dRheumatic disorders includes rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain, swelling, and weakness; eCardiovascular diseases includes, myocardial infarction, hypertension, hypotension, and hypercholesterolemia; fAllergies includes hay fever, eczema, food intolerance and other. gMental component summary (MCS) includes the domains Social functioning, Emotional health perception, Mental health, and Vitality. SF-36 QoL scores from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Significant P-values after Bonferroni correction are indicated in bold