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Table 5 Para-clinical findings and the health outcome of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the five consecutive waves of the disease

From: Five consecutive epidemiological waves of COVID-19: a population-based cross-sectional study on characteristics, policies, and health outcome

Para-clinical findings

Wave 1

Wave 2

Wave 3

Wave 4

Wave 5

P value

n, % (95% CI)

n, % (95% CI)

n, % (95% CI)

n, % (95% CI)

n, % (95% CI)

PaO2 sat < 93

27445, 59.3 (58.7–59.8)

7970, 47.7 (46.4–48.7)

24867, 43.5 (42.8–44.1)

29695, 40.4 (39.8–40.9)

109105, 81.0 (80.7–81.2)

 < 0.001

PCR test result

      

 Positive

11000, 23.8 (23.0–24.5)

6592, 39.4 (38.2–40.5)

25743, 45.0 (44.3–45.6)

39500, 53.7 (53.2–54.1)

62236, 49.4 (49.0–49.7)

 < 0.001

 Inconclusive

23112, 49.9 (49.2–50.5)

5112, 30.6 (29.3–31.8)

17126, 30.0 (29.3–30.6)

23256, 31.6 (31.0–32.1)

45071, 35.7 (35.2–36.1)

 Negative

12159, 26.3 (25.5–27.0)

5010, 30.0 (28.7–31.2)

14277, 25.0 (24.2–25.7)

10802, 14.7 (14.0–15.3)

18793, 14.9 (14.3–15.4)

Positive findings in Chest CT

13937, 30.1 (29.3–30.8)

10958, 65.6 (64.7–66.4)

40210, 70.4 (69.9–70.8)

56450, 76.7 (76.3–77.0)

99886, 74.1 (73.8–74.3)

 < 0.001

ICU admission

6773, 14.7 (13.8–15.5)

2943, 17.6 (16.2–18.9)

10763, 18.8 (18.0–19.5)

10786, 14.7 (14.0–15.3)

13578, 10.1 (9.5–10.6)

 < 0.001

Death

4546, 9.8 (8.9–10.6)

2187, 13.1 (11.6–14.5)

9000, 15.7 (14.9–16.4)

5793, 7.9 (7.2–8.5)

5305, 3.9 (3.3–4.4)

 < 0.001

  1. P value obtained from Chi squared test; %: Percentage in category; CI: Confidence Interval