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Table 1 HIV testing inside and outside a prison in the last 12 months among incarcerated people

From: HIV testing among incarcerated people with a history of HIV-related high-risk behaviours in Iran: Findings from three consecutive national bio-behavioural surveys

Variables

HIV testing inside and outside prison in the last 12 months

2009 (N = 2880)

2013 (N = 2804)

2017 (N = 2869)

Inside prison

Outside prison

Inside prison

Outside prison

Inside prison

Outside prison

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Sex

      

Male

647 (23.0)

218 (7.7)

593 (21.4)

208 (7.5)

1363 (49.5)

117 (4.2)

Female

14 (20.3)

5 (7.2)

10 (29.4)

3 (8.8)

79 (69.9)

2 (1.8)

Age at interview

      

≤29

249 (18.1)

91 (6.6)

134 (15.8)

65 (7.7)

329 (42.5)

38 (4.9)

>29

412 (27.5)

132 (8.8)

469 (24.1)

144 (7.4)

1110 (53.2)

80 (3.8)

Current marital status

      

Single

284 (21.7)

78 (5.9)

265 (23.5)

78 (6.9)

587 (49.5)

61 (5.1)

Married

279 (22.1)

108 (8.5)

226 (17.5)

114 (8.8)

518 (46.7)

36 (3.2)

Divorced, widowed, or sigheh 1

94 (31.7)

33 (11.1)

112 (29.4)

19 (4.9)

337 (58.6)

22 (3.8)

Educational level

      

Illiterate or primary school

282 (23.2)

79 (6.5)

287 (22.8)

67 (5.3)

482 (50.5)

27 (2.8)

Secondary or high school

358 (22.4)

136 (8.5)

300 (20.7)

136 (9.4)

894 (50.5)

85 (4.8)

College education

21 (30.4)

8 (11.6)

13 (15.1)

8 (9.3)

65 (47.4)

6 (4.4)

History of previous incarceration

      

No

253 (22.5)

89 (7.9)

131 (14.3)

78 (8.5)

381 (42.3)

28 (3.1)

Yes

340 (24.0)

120 (8.4)

472 (25.0)

133 (7.0)

1061 (53.9)

91 (4.6)

Lifetime history of alcohol consumption

      

No

NA *

NA

85 (16.2)

47 (8.9)

260 (42.5)

17 (2.9)

Yes

NA

NA

517 (22.7)

164 (7.2)

1164 (52.0)

99 (4.4)

Lifetime history of drug use

      

No

47 (11.0)

19 (4.5)

35 (9.1)

39 (10.2)

152 (38.9)

21 (5.4)

Yes

614 (25.0)

204 (8.3)

568 (23.5)

172 (7.1)

1290 (52.1)

98 (4.0)

Currently receiving MMT

      

No

127 (20.3)

62 (9.9)

277 (17.9)

112 (7.2)

235 (52.5)

20 (4.5)

Yes

342 (38.0)

80 (8.8)

290 (33.2)

59 (6.7)

676 (56.8)

46 (3.8)

Had access to sterile syringe in prison

      

No

NA

NA

207 (34.2)

54 (8.9)

10 (45.4)

3 (13.6)

Yes

NA

NA

11 (36.7)

7 (23.3)

2 (40.0)

NA

Age at first sex

      

≤18

246 (25.6)

95 (9.8)

NA

NA

535 (52.4)

45 (4.4)

≥18

342 (22.8)

111 (7.4)

NA

NA

761 (50.2)

67 (4.4)

Had access to condom inside prison

      

No

337 (25.7)

82 (6.2)

332 (21.5)

116 (7.5)

593 (51.7)

49 (4.3)

Yes

114 (25.5)

27 (6.0)

132 (37.8)

14 (4.0)

301 (57.6)

14 (2.7)

HIV knowledge 2

      

Insufficient

520 (21.8)

180 (7.6)

418 (18.7)

162 (7.3)

950 (46.3)

89 (4.3)

Sufficient

141 (28.3)

43 (8.6)

185 (32.3)

49 (8.5)

492 (60.1)

30 (3.7)

Self-perceived risk of HIV 3

      

No

317 (23.2)

123 (9.0)

267 (19.6)

106 (7.8)

831 (51.6)

71 (4.4)

Yes

301 (24.1)

86 (6.8)

288 (26.2)

85 (7.7)

535 (48.7)

44 (4.0)

  1. 1 Temporary marriage
  2. 2 Sufficient knowledge about the transmission of HIV
  3. 3 The risk of contracting HIV from the individual's point of view
  4. *Not applicable