Associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with the reported incidence of important endemic infectious disease agents and syndromes in Pakistan

Table 3 Overall interrupted time series analysis using generalized linear negative binomial regression models adjusted for seasonality for various infectious diseases/syndromes as dependent variables and COVID-19 cases in thousands as an independent variable in various provinces/regions of Pakistan

	Punjab		Sindh		Khyber Pakhtunkhwa		Balochistan		AJK & GB^b
	IRR^a (95% CI)	p value	IRR (95% CI)	p value	IRR (95% CI)	p value	IRR (95% CI)	p value	IRR (95% CI)	p value
Acute upper respiratory infection	0.981 (0.979, 0.983)	< 0.001	0.993 (0.992, 0.994)	< 0.001	0.976 (0.970, 0.980)	< 0.001	0.906 (0.878, 0.935)	< 0.001	0.527 (0.509, 0.546)	< 0.001
Pneumonia	0.979 (0.975, 0.983)	< 0.001	0.987 (0.985, 0.988)	< 0.001	0.962 (0.955, 0.968)	< 0.001	0.895 (0.864, 0.928)	< 0.001	0.474 (0.462, 0.487)	< 0.001
Hepatitis	0.976 (0.972, 0.980)	< 0.001	0.989 (0.987, 0.991)	< 0.001	0.959 (0.952, 0.967)	< 0.001	0.695 (0.636, 0.760)	< 0.001	0.250 (0.217, 0.289)	< 0.001
Diarrhea	0.984 (0.983, 0.986)	< 0.001	0.992 (0.990, 0.993)	< 0.001	0.975 (0.968, 0.982)	< 0.001	0.903 (0.874, 0.934)	< 0.001	0.521 (0.507, 0.536)	< 0.001
Typhoid	0.985 (0.981, 0.988)	< 0.001	0.994 (0.991, 0.996)	< 0.001	0.959 (0.952, 0.965)	< 0.001	0.956 (0.922, 0.990)	0.012	0.386 (0.365, 0.407)	< 0.001
Malaria	0.979 (0.975, 0.983)	< 0.001	0.991 (0.990, 0.992)	< 0.001	1.000 (0.991, 1.010)	0.946	0.981 (0.940, 1.023)	0.369	0.268 (0.242, 0.298)	< 0.001
Measles	0.955 (0.947, 0.963)	< 0.001	0.951 (0.945, 0.958)	< 0.001	0.941 (0.923, 0.959)	< 0.001	0.875 (0.854, 0.896)	< 0.001	0.278 (0.248, 0.311)	< 0.001
Neonatal tetanus	0.943 (0.903, 0.985)	0.008	0.953 (0.917, 0.990)	0.014	0.980 (0.933, 1.030)	0.427	0.790 (0.597, 1.046)	0.099	0.851 (0.555, 1.304)	0.457

ISSN: 1471-2334