From: Bacteremia and adrenal gland abscess due to Nocardia cyriacigeorgica: a case report and review
References | Years | Patients characteristics | Symptoms | Disseminated Nocardiosis | Adrenal abscess side/Nocardia species | Treatment | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim et al. [25] | 1991 | Male, 38 years, AIDS | Left upper quadrant abdominal pain, fever, chills | Paraaortic and mesenteric lymphadenopathy | Left/N. asteroides | Cefoxitin Surgical drainage of the mass | Died |
Arabi et al. [23] | 1996 | Male, 39 years, AIDS | Epigastric pain, fever, vomiting | Brain, bacteremia | Bilateral/N. asteroides | Cefotetan, gentamicin, doxycycline then TMP-SMX, imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin | Survived |
Midiri et al. [26] | 1998 | Female, 49 years, rheumatoid arthritis treated by corticosteroid therapy | Fever and left flank plain | Lung, spleen | Left/N. asteroides | TMP-SMX Left adrenalectomy | Survived |
Moiton et al. [11] | 2002 | Male, 69 years, active cancer, steroids | Pneumoniae, aphasia, motor deficit | Lung, brain, bacteremia | NR/N. farcinica | NR | Died |
Chong et al. [27] | 2004 | Male, 34 years, AIDS | Fever, left loin pain, hematuria | No other location | Left/N. asteroides | Ceftriaxone, TMP-SMX Laparoscopic drainage | Survived |
Elsayed et al. [19] | 2005 | Female, 69 years, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hypogammaglobulinemia | Malaise, right-sided flank and pleuritic chest discomfort, left leg weakness, ataxic gait | Lung, brain, bacteremia | Right/N. cyriacigeorgica | Meropenem, TMP-SMX | Survived (mild to moderate speech impairment, generalized weakness) |
Haussaire et al. [10] | 2008 | Male, 35 years, kidney transplant, immunosuppressor treatment (calcineurin inhibitor, antimetabolite, steroids) | NR | Lung, kidney, pancreas, adrenal glands, bacteremia | NR/N. farcinica | TMP-SMX, carbapenem, amikacin | Survived (hypoacusis) |
Tachezy et al. [28] | 2009 | Female, 71 years, former alcohol addiction, malnutrition | Fever, non-productive cough, adynamia | Lung, inferior vena cava, right hepatic and renal capsule, diaphragm, brain | Right/N. farcinica | Imipenem, amikacin, TMP-SMX then TMP-SMX alone Right adrenalectomy with resection of IVC diaphragm, retroperitoneum and Gerota’s fascia | Survived |
Al-Tawfiq and Al-Khatti [29] | 2010 | Female, 66 years, psoriasis treated by TNF-alpha therapy, type 2 diabetes | Fever, chills, profuse sweating, left upper quadrant abdominal pain | Left renal vein, spleen, retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymphadenopathies | Bilateral/N. farcinica | Vancomycin, meropenem then TMP-SMX, linezolid Aspiration and biopsy of the left adrenal lesion | Died |
de Montmollin et al. [24] | 2012 | Female, 59 years, chronic parenteral nutrition, malnutrition, hemodialysis | Fever, right lumbar region pain | Bacteremia | Right/N. farcinica | Amikacin, cefuroxime then TMP-SMX Echography-guided aspiration and drainage | Died |
Jackson et al. [6] | 2017 | Male, 69 years | Fever, night sweats, left upper quadrant abdominal pain | Lung, central nervous system, bone marrow, left renal vein, bacteremia, urine | Left/N. farcinica | Meropenem, TMP-SMX | Survived |
Jackson and Shorman [20] | 2018 | Male, 39 years, splenectomy, intravenous drug user | Fever, generalized weakness, abdominal pain, orthostatic symptoms | Heart, bacteremia | Bilateral/N. farcinica | Meropenem, TMP-SMX Bilateral percutaneous drains in the adrenal glands | Survived (at 4 weeks of treatment, then lost to follow-up) |
Langmaid et al. [21] | 2020 | Male, 35 years, immunocompetent | Fever, dry cough and left-sided abdominal pain | Lung | Left/N. cyriacigeorgica | Meropenem, TMP-SMX then ceftriaxone and TMP-SMX Left adrenalectomy | Survived |
Pender et al. [22] | 2022 | Male, 57 years, poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus | Left upper quadrant abdominal pain, subjective fevers, diaphoresis, tachycardia, anorexia, nausea, weight loss | Lung | Left/N. beijingensis | TMP-SMX, linezolid Left adrenalectomy | Survived |
This case | 2017 | Male, 77 years, no predisposing factors | Deterioration of general status, depressive syndrome, respiratory distress | Lung, brain, bacteremia | Left/N. cyriacigeorgica | Cefotaxime, TMP-SMX then cefotaxime, clarithromycin then doxycycline and clarithromycin | Survived |