Table 1 The characteristics and number of hepatitis B virus studies included from some subgroups in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, number of tested and positive subjects, prevalence (random effect model), and I²%

Overall

99

1,944,200 (100)

30,206

3.05 (2.60, 3.52)

99.6

1. Country (n = 1,934,156)

Bahrain

4

878,291(45.5)

5068

2.42 (0.23, 6.35)

89.0

KSA

76

656,824 (34.0)

17,933

3.36 (2.86, 3.90)

99.2

Kuwait

5

17,332 (0.8)

308

2.31 (0.47, 5.41)

98.4

Oman

6

8169 (0.4)

248

3.73 (1.85, 6.23)

95.8

Qatar

5

192,799 (10.0)

5771

2.57 (1.62, 3.73)

81.2

UAE

6

180,741 (9.4)

706

0.80 (0.00, 2.99)

99.2

2. Residence status (n = 484,632)

Nationals

51

303,023 (62.5)

5866

2.85 (2.29, 3.47)

98.7

Expatriates

23

181,609 (37.5)

1219

2.22 (1.26, 3.41)

98.5

3. Age (n = 775,138)

Adults

82

758,988 (97.9)

15,396

3.05 (2.52, 3.62)

99.4

Children

19

16,150 (2.1)

487

1.93 (0.42, 4.17)

97.3

4. Gender (n = 251,803)

Male

42

119,837 (47.6)

3357

2.94 (2.14, 3.85)

Female

43

131,966 (52.4)

3377

1.73 (1.10, 2.46)

5. Risk level (n = 1,929,957)

Average-risk

79

1,909,957

29,222

2.85 (2.39, 3.36)

High-risk

27

16,110

953

6.12 (3.85, 8.84)

6. Risk group (n = 770,281)

Pregnant women

10

17,643

493

2.66 (1.81, 3.67)

Blood donors

33

731,399

15,713

2.33 (1.67, 3.09)

Hemodialysis

9

2221

66

5.76 (2.42, 10.18)

Health-care workers

6

19,018

110

0.86 (0.08, 2.23)

7. Decade (n = 1,935,906)

1981–1990

13

42,486

2476

9.38 (7.26, 11.74)

1990–1999

21

194,457

7602

4.70 (3.76, 5.74)

2000–2009

34

1,252,240

11,444

2.11 (1.65, 2.63)

2010–2021

37

446,723

8539

1.56 (1.07, 2.12)

8. Diagnostic test (n = 1,634,136)

ELISA

71

1,311,130

18,242

3.24 (2.64, 3.89)

CMIA

7

323,006

7059

1.06 (0.04, 2.09)