Fig. 3

Pairwise population genetics analyses. A The graph represents the average number of pairwise differences (πxy), between the KP, Pakistan P. vivax samples population groups collected from different districts (Green above diagonal); within-population group πxx (orange diagonal) and the net number of nucleotide differences between population’s groups (Nei distance DA) (blue below diagonal) based on pvama-1 DI gene variants. B The graph represents the average number of pairwise differences (πxy) between KP, Pakistani samples in context of global samples (Green above diagonal); within-population group πxx (orange diagonal) and the net number of nucleotide differences between population’s groups (Nei distance DA) (blue below diagonal) based on pvama-1 DI variants. C Heat-map plot of pairwise Fst based on pvama-1 gene sequences of KP, Pakistan samples groups collected from different districts. D Heat map of pairwise Fst distinction between KP, Pakistan P. vivax samples groups based on pvama-1 gene sequences in context of worldwide sequences deposited in Genbank, NCBI.