Fig. 4From: Escalating pyrethroid resistance in two major malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) in Atatam, Southern GhanaTemporal monitoring of percentage frequency of resistance markers and expression profile of candidate genes A A296S mutation associated with resistance to dieldrin and B L119F-GSTe2 mutation associated with DDT/pyrethroid resistance C Frequencies of resistance markers (kdrW-L1014F, N1575Y, Ace-1 G119S, Gste2-I114T) in An. gambiae D Differential expression of candidate resistance genes by qPCR between Deltamethrin 1x, 5 × and 10 × An. funestus s.s. resistant mosquitoes, unexposed relative to FANG susceptible lab strain. E Differential expression of candidate resistance genes by qPCR between permethrin 1x, 5 × and 10 × An.gambiae s.l. resistant mosquitoes, unexposed relative to Kisumu susceptible lab strainBack to article page