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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of Belgian hospitalized COVID-19 patients registered in the Clinical Hospital Surveillance (CHS)

From: Evaluating methodological approaches to assess the severity of infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants: scoping review and applications on Belgian COVID-19 data

 

Hospitalized patients (admitted between 1/3/2021–28/3/2022) with available variant information (confirmed by WGSa) from baseline surveillance (n = 1767)

Hospitalized patients (admitted between

1/3/2021–28/3/2022)

without any available variant information

(n = 28,728)

  

%

n

 

%

n

Demographics

Age (years), median (IQR)

69 (50–87)

 

1767

66 (45–80)

 

28,728

Male gender, n (%)

945

53.5

1765

14,776

51.5

28,714

Nursing home resident, n (%)

109

6.2

1754

1698

6.0

28,347

Ethnicity, n (%)

 European

559

78.2

715

10,631

84.8

12,535

 North-African

86

12.0

715

1173

9.4

12,535

 Sub-Saharan African

35

4.9

715

322

2.6

12,535

 Asian

29

4.1

715

301

2.4

12,535

 Hispanic

6

0.8

715

108

0.9

12,535

Comorbidities

Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

622

35.3

1763

8208

28.6

28,663

History of arterial hypertension, n (%)

597

33.9

1763

9529

33.2

28,663

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

394

22.3

1763

5530

19.3

28,663

Obesity, n (%)

211

12.0

1763

3478

12.1

28,663

Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%)

310

17.6

1763

3916

13.7

28,663

Chronic neurological disease, n (%)

207

11.7

1763

2349

8.2

28,663

Chronic cognitive deficit, n (%)

175

9.9

1763

2400

8.4

28,663

Chronic renal disease, n (%)

332

18.8

1763

3363

13.4

28,663

Chronic liver disease, n (%)

54

3.1

1763

774

2.7

28,663

Solid cancer, n (%)

269

15.3

1763

2884

10.1

28,663

Haematological cancer, n (%)

77

4.4

1763

529

2.1

28,663

Chronic Immunosuppression, n (%)

147

8.3

1763

622

2.2

28,663

Socio-economic status

Education level, n (%)

      

 Lower

249

25.8

965

3904

25.5

15,299

 Lower secondary

290

30.1

965

4644

30.4

15,299

 Higher secondary

270

28.0

965

4046

26.4

15,299

 Post-secondary higher education

156

16.2

965

2705

17.7

15,299

Population densityb, median (IQR)

1105 (419–2590)

 

1738

740 (332–1778)

 

25,916

Median taxable income per capitac, median (IQR)

26,733 (23,807–28,756)

 

1738

26,787 (23,807–28,352)

 

25,916

Exposure

Place of infection, n (%)

 Community-acquired

1430

81.6

1752

24,491

86.5

28,302

 Hospital-acquiredd

231

13.2

1752

2302

8.1

28,302

 Nursing home-acquired

91

5.2

1752

1509

5.3

28,302

Vaccination status

Vaccination category, n (%)

 Not vaccinated

747

42.3

1767

15,010

52.2

28,728

 Partially vaccinated

62

3.5

1767

1080

3.8

28,728

 Fully vaccinated

497

28.1

1767

6779

23.6

28,728

 Fully vaccinated + booster

461

26.1

1767

5859

20.4

28,728

Disease characteristics

Fever at admission, n (%)

376

50.9

738

6273

48.3

12,983

Viral syndrome at admission, n (%)

322

43.3

744

5727

44.8

12,789

Lower respiratory symptoms at admission, n (%)

520

68.6

758

8908

67.7

13,162

Upper respiratory symptoms at admission, n (%)

69

9.6

716

1449

11.6

12,528

Anosmia at admission, n (%)

56

8.0

703

1040

8.4

12,341

CRP (mg/l) on admission, median (IQR)

95 (41–186)

 

136

102 (47–168

 

1387

Hospital characteristics

Type of hospital, n (%)

 General hospital

584

33.1

1767

21,417

74.6

28,728

 General hospital with university character

700

39.6

1767

4982

17.3

28,728

 University hospital

483

27.3

1767

2329

8.1

28,728

Mean ICU occupancy during hospital stay, median (IQR)

19 (12–32)

 

1767

27 (15–40)

 

28,728

Outcomes

Severe COVID-19e, n (%)

440

25.2

1748

5840

20.7

28,147

ICU admission, n (%)

298

16.9

1766

3325

11.6

28,722

ICU transfer, n (%)

      

 General hospital

81

27.2

298

2228

67.0

3325

 General hospital with university character

126

42.3

298

677

20.4

3325

 University hospital

91

30.5

298

420

12.6

3325

In-hospital mortality, n (%)

230

13.2

1747

3309

11.8

28,131

Invasive ventilation, n (%)

89

34.0

262

1089

42.5

2564

ECLS, n (%)

7

2.7

262

85

3.4

2535

Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR)

9 (4–21)

 

1767

7 (3–15)

 

28,727

  1. aWhole genome sequencing
  2. bPopulation density at the place of residence of the patient (postal code level)
  3. cMedian net taxable income per capita at the place of residence of the patient (postal code level)
  4. dDiagnosis or onset of symptoms more than 8 days after hospital admission of the patient
  5. eExperiencing an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) event, being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), or in-hospital mortality