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Table 1 Patient characteristics by sex

From: Sex differences in determinants of COVID-19 severe outcomes – findings from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)

 

All (N = 574,391)

Women (n = 306,638)

Men (n = 267,753)

P-value1

X2 (DF)

Age (mean, SD)

52.3, 18.5

50.7, 18.9

54.1, 17.9

< 0.0001

 

Age group (n, %)

   

< 0.0001

6171.1 (2)

20–39

167,186, 29.1%

102,537, 33.4%

64,649, 24.1%

  

40–59

183,707, 32.0%

94,247, 30.7%

89,460, 33.4%

  

60 or 60+

223,498, 38.9%

109,854, 35.8%

113,644, 42.4%

  

Race (n,%)

   

< 0.0001

1317.5 (3)

Non-Hispanic (NH) White

399,690, 69.6%

208,433, 68.0%

191,257, 71.4%

  

NH Black

140,712, 24.5%

80,956, 26.4%

59,756, 22.3%

  

Others

33,989, 5.9%

17,249, 5.6%

16,740, 6.3%

  

Ethnicity (n,%)

   

0.4335

0.6134 (1)

Hispanics

53,610, 9.3%

28,533, 9.3%

25,077, 9.4%

  

Non-Hispanics

520,781, 90.7%

278,105, 90.7%

242,676, 90.6%

  

Visit Type

   

< 0.0001

1370.1 (2)

Hospital

215,661, 37.6%

108,516, 35.4%

107,145, 40.3%

  

ER

357,686, 62.3%

197,675, 64.5%

160,011, 59.8%

  

Intensive care

1044, 0.1%

447, 0.1%

597, 0.2%

  

Medication at admission (n, %)

     

Anti-diabetic

47,752, 8.3%

21,296, 6.9%

26,456, 9.9%

< 0.0001

1615.8 (1)

Lipid-lowering

55,617, 9.7%

23,923, 7.8%

31,694, 11.8%

< 0.0001

2661.1 (1)

Anti-hypertensive

99,877, 17.4%

46,648, 15.2%

53,229, 19.9%

< 0.0001

2167.2 (1)

Unknown

449,075, 78.2%

248,376, 81.0%

200,699, 75.0%

< 0.0001

3060.2 (1)

Vitals at admission 2

     

SBP (mean, SD)

129.7, 19.8

128.3, 19.3

131.2, 20.1

< 0.0001

 

Heart rates (mean, SD)

87.6, 15.7

88.1, 15.5

87.0, 15.9

< 0.0001

 

Respiratory rate (mean, SD)

19.7, 23.1

19.4, 21.7

20.1, 24.7

< 0.0001

 

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)

     

CCI (mean, SD)

4.0, 4.8

3.7, 4.6

4.3, 5.0

< 0.0001

 

CCI ≥ 3 (n, %)

259,545, 45.2%

131,380, 42.8%

128,165, 47.9%

< 0.0001

1455.0 (1)

CCI components

     

Myocardial infarction (n, %)

45,870, 8%

18,596, 6.1%

27,274, 10.2%

< 0.0001

3304.2 (1)

Congestive heart failure (n, %)

75,028, 13.1%

35,193, 11.5%

39,835, 14.9%

< 0.0001

1455.2 (1)

Peripheral vascular disease (n, %)

164,612, 28.7%

89,831, 29.3%

74,781, 27.9%

< 0.0001

130.5 (1)

Cerebrovascular disease (n, %)

153,030, 26.6%

79,494, 25.9%

73,536, 27.5%

< 0.0001

173.3 (1)

Dementia (n, %)

28,619, 5.0%

14,923, 4.9%

13,696, 5.1%

< 0.0001

18.6 (1)

Chronic pulmonary disease (n, %)

206,042, 35.9%

113,326, 37.0%

92,716, 34.6%

< 0.0001

337.3 (1)

Rheumatic disease (n, %)

115,071, 20.0%

66,075, 21.5%

48,996, 18.3%

< 0.0001

941.8 (1)

Peptic ulcer disease (n, %)

23,053, 4.0%

12,338, 4.0%

10,715, 4.0%

0.6793

0.171 (1)

Mild liver disease (n, %)

132,564, 23.1%

64,551, 21.1%

68,013, 25.4%

< 0.0001

1523.5 (1)

Diabetes without chronic complication (n, %)

177,558, 30.9%

89,652, 29.2%

87,906, 32.8%

< 0.0001

864.3 (1)

Diabetes with chronic complication (n, %)

120,697, 21.0%

57,428, 18.7%

63,269, 23.6%

< 0.0001

2068.6 (1)

Hemiplegia or paraplegia (n, %)

20,399, 3.6%

9843, 3.2%

10,556, 3.9%

< 0.0001

223.7 (1)

Renal disease (n, %) %

131,973, 23.0%

59,184, 19.3%

72,789, 27.2%

< 0.0001

5020.3 (1)

Any malignancy, including lymphoma and leukemia, except malignant neoplasm of skin (n, %)

94,283, 16.4%

49,480, 16.1%

44,803, 16.7%

< 0.0001

37.0 (1)

Moderate or severe liver disease (n, %)

100,351, 17.5%

43,669, 14.2%

56,682, 21.2%

< 0.0001

4758.2 (1)

Metastatic solid tumor (n, %)

17,000, 3.0%

8534, 2.8%

8466, 3.2%

< 0.0001

71.3 (1)

AIDS/HIV (n, %)

3821, 0.7%

1213, 0.4%

2608, 1.0%

< 0.0001

722.9 (1)

Biomarkers

     

C-reactive protein (median IQR)

17 (6, 69.3)

15 (5, 60.5)

19.1 (6.9, 77.3)

< 0.0001

 

 C-reaction > 30 mg/L (n, %)

71,721, 39.1%

31,394, 36.5%

40,329, 41.4%

< 0.0001

886.3 (1)

Ferritin (median IQR)

462 (196, 985)

313 (132.6, 666)

643 (299.5, 1280)

< 0.0001

 

Ferritin > 300 ng/mL (n, %)

106,127, 57.4%

40,379, 51.3%

65,748, 62.0%

< 0.0001

10,019 (1)

Procalcitonin (median IQR)

0.17 (0.09, 0.54)

0.14 (0.07, 0.48)

0.2 (0.1, 0.6)

< 0.0001

 

Procalcitonin >0.1 ng/mL (n, %)

61,840, 72.0%

24,565, 65.9%

37,275, 76.6%

< 0.0001

218.2 (1)

NT proBNP pg/mL (median IQR)

240 (65, 1090)

223 (62, 998)

258 (68, 1162)

< 0.0001

 

NT proBNP > 400 pg/mL (n, %)

29,568, 40.5%

13,400, 39.1%

16,168, 41.8%

< 0.0001

56.9 (1)

D-dimers (median IQR) ng/mL

178 (1, 631)

172 (1, 601)

184 (1, 665)

< 0.0001

 

D-dimers > 250 ng/mL (n, %)

70,208, 44.0%

33,920, 43.3%

36,288, 44.6%

< 0.0001

26.5 (1)

Absolute lymphocyte count 103/uL (median IQR)

1.05 (0.8, 1.7)

1.15 (0.9, 1.84)

1 (0.7, 1.5)

< 0.0001

 

Absolute lymphocyte count < 1*103 (n, %)

115,281, 34.6%

50,577, 29.1%

64,704, 40.7%

< 0.0001

4941.4 (1)

Absolute neutrophil count 103/uL (median IQR)

4.44 (3, 6.9)

4.2 (3, 6.5)

4.7 (3.05, 7.1)

< 0.0001

 

Absolute neutrophil count > 1.8*103/uL (n, %)

349,838, 94.1%

178,929, 93.1%

170,909, 95.2%

< 0.0001

732.8 (1)

Platelet count 103/uL (median IQR)

210 (164, 267.5)

222 (175, 280)

196 (153, 251)

< 0.0001

 

Platelet count < 150*103/uL (n %)

74,715, 18.0%

29,619, 13.7%

45,096, 22.9%

< 0.0001

5891.1 (1)

  1. 1 p-value is from chi-squire test for frequencies (all categorical variables) or Kruskal-Wallis test for medians (continuous biomarkers); 2 n for SBP measurements 159,867, n for heart rate measurements 224,192, and n for respiratory rate measurement 193,373; 3 n for c-reactive proteins 183,386, n for ferritin 184,836, n for procalcitonin 85,916, n for NT proBNP 72,961, n for d-dimer 159,566, n for absolute lymphocyte count 333,255, n for absolute neutrophil count 371,884, n for platelet count 413,970
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