Table 1 Model parameters. The first five parameters: proportion of high activity group, ratio of number of partnerships of high-activity group to the low-activity group, transmission risk of receptive acts, HIV testing rate per year and ART initiation rate per year, all used ranges in the calibration. The latter parameters used point estimates based on the sources

Proportion of high activity group

N_H/(N_H + N_L)

[0.073, 0.196]

[0.124, 0.217]

0.178

0.193

[25, 29]

Ratio of number of partnerships high-activity group to low-activity group

C_H/C_L

[3.977, 6.792]

[4.805, 6.636]

6.31

6.16

[25, 29]

Condom use proportion,

pc₁₁

[0.418, 0.707]

[0.467, 0.714]

0.451

0.508

[29]

negative-negative

HIV testing rate (per year)

\(\psi\)

[0.61, 0.69]

[0.65, 0.67]

0.649

0.661

[29]

ART initiation rate (per year)

k

[0.07, 0.51]

[0.08, 0.79]

0.241

0.532

[29]

ART dropout rate

k_D

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

[29]

Proportion of sex acts insertive

α

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

[29]

Proportion of sex acts receptive

1-α

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

[29]

Number of concurrent partners, low activity group (per person per year)

C_L

4

5

4

5

[29]

Condom use odds ratio,

OR_pc₁₂

2.203

2.203

2.203

2.203

[29]

positive–negative

Proportion of viral suppression among ART users

T_ART

0.89

0.91

0.89

0.91

[29]

Transmission risk, insertive acts

ß_i

0.0011

0.0011

0.0011

0.0011

[46]

Transmission risk, receptive acts

ß_r

0.0073

0.0073

0.0073

0.0073

[46]

Annual number of sex acts per partnership

Nsa

20

16

20

16

[29]

Condom efficacy

d_condom

80%

80%

80%

80%

[47]

PrEP efficacy

Ω

44%

44%

44%

44%

[18]

Entry/exit rate

m

0.026

0.026

0.026

0.026

[29, 48]

Exit rate due to HIV mortality

m_HIV

0.076

0.076

0.076

0.076

[49]

Exit rate due to HIV mortality while on ART

m_{HIV_T}

0.031

0.031

0.031

0.031

[49]