From: Smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study
Variables | All participants (N = 901) | Non-smoker (n = 380) | Smoker (n = 521) | p-value | Cigarette smoking (n = 218) | p-value | Waterpipe smoking (n = 275) | p-value | Cigarette and waterpippe smoking (n = 28) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild (n = 19) | Moderate (n = 101) | Heavy (n = 93) | Mild (n = 58) | Moderate (n = 196) | Heavy (n = 21) | ||||||||
Age, years mean (SD) | 38.4 (15.3) | 38.6 (15.7) | 38.3 (15.1) | 0.73 | 32.6 (13.8) | 37.8 (15.5) | 53.1 (14.2) |  < 0.0001 | 33.8 (10.6) | 33.4 (12.1) | 39.7 (8.1) | 0.06 | 33.0 (12.4) |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 458 (49.2) | 155 (40.8) | 303 (58.2) |  < 0.0001 | 11 (7.6) | 74 (51.0) | 60 (41.4) | 0.25 | 26 (44.8) | 94 (48.0) | 14 (66.7) | 0.20 | 20 (71.4) |
 Female | 443 (50.8) | 225 (59.2) | 218 (41.8) | 8 (11.8) | 27 (39.7) | 33 (48.5) | 32 (55.2) | 102 (52.0) | 7 (33.3) | 8 (28.6) | |||
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Primary school | 212 (23.5) | 78 (36.8) | 134 (63.2) | 0.01 | 3 (4.1) | 29 (39.7) | 41 (56.2) | 0.05 | 11 (23.4) | 9 (19.1) | 27 (57.4) | 0.27 | 6 (21.4) |
 Middle or high school | 199 (22.1) | 68 (34.2) | 131 (65.8) | 6 (10.5) | 32 (56.1) | 19.93(3.3) | 38 (23.2) | 49 (29.9) | 77 (47.0) | 9 (32.1) | |||
 University or postgraduate degree | 314 (34.9) | 146 (46.5) | 168 (53.5) | 7 (13.7) | 23 (45.1) | 21 (41.2) | 5 (33.3) | 6 (40.0) | 4 (26.7) | 8 (28.6) | |||
BMI, (kg/m2) mean (SD) | 26.6 (5.1) | 26.3 (5.1) | 26.8 (5.2) | 0.14 | 24.6 (5.9) | 26.2 (4.10) | 28.4 (5.3) | 0.001 | 26.1 (5.4) | 26.7 (5.6) | 28.3 (3.6) | 0.29 | 25.9 (3.9) |
Comorbidities (yes) | 282 (31.3) | 120 (42.6) | 162 (57.4) | 0.88 | 5 (5.6) | 27 (30.3) | 57 (64.0) |  < 0.0001 | 14 (22.2) | 41 (65.1) | 8 (12.7) | 0.20 | 5 (17.9) |