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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants by smoking status (N = 901)

From: Smoking status and SARS-CoV-2 infection severity among Lebanese adults: a cross-sectional study

Variables

All participants (N = 901)

Non-smoker (n = 380)

Smoker (n = 521)

p-value

Cigarette smoking (n = 218)

p-value

Waterpipe smoking (n = 275)

p-value

Cigarette and waterpippe smoking (n = 28)

Mild (n = 19)

Moderate (n = 101)

Heavy (n = 93)

Mild (n = 58)

Moderate (n = 196)

Heavy (n = 21)

Age, years mean (SD)

38.4 (15.3)

38.6 (15.7)

38.3 (15.1)

0.73

32.6 (13.8)

37.8 (15.5)

53.1 (14.2)

 < 0.0001

33.8 (10.6)

33.4 (12.1)

39.7 (8.1)

0.06

33.0 (12.4)

Gender

             

 Male

458 (49.2)

155 (40.8)

303 (58.2)

 < 0.0001

11 (7.6)

74 (51.0)

60 (41.4)

0.25

26 (44.8)

94 (48.0)

14 (66.7)

0.20

20 (71.4)

 Female

443 (50.8)

225 (59.2)

218 (41.8)

8 (11.8)

27 (39.7)

33 (48.5)

32 (55.2)

102 (52.0)

7 (33.3)

8 (28.6)

Education

             

 Primary school

212 (23.5)

78 (36.8)

134 (63.2)

0.01

3 (4.1)

29 (39.7)

41 (56.2)

0.05

11 (23.4)

9 (19.1)

27 (57.4)

0.27

6 (21.4)

 Middle or high school

199 (22.1)

68 (34.2)

131 (65.8)

6 (10.5)

32 (56.1)

19.93(3.3)

38 (23.2)

49 (29.9)

77 (47.0)

9 (32.1)

 University or postgraduate degree

314 (34.9)

146 (46.5)

168 (53.5)

7 (13.7)

23 (45.1)

21 (41.2)

5 (33.3)

6 (40.0)

4 (26.7)

8 (28.6)

BMI, (kg/m2) mean (SD)

26.6 (5.1)

26.3 (5.1)

26.8 (5.2)

0.14

24.6 (5.9)

26.2 (4.10)

28.4 (5.3)

0.001

26.1 (5.4)

26.7 (5.6)

28.3 (3.6)

0.29

25.9 (3.9)

Comorbidities (yes)

282 (31.3)

120 (42.6)

162 (57.4)

0.88

5 (5.6)

27 (30.3)

57 (64.0)

 < 0.0001

14 (22.2)

41 (65.1)

8 (12.7)

0.20

5 (17.9)