Neutrophil CD64 index as a superior indicator for diagnosing, monitoring bacterial infection, and evaluating antibiotic therapy: a case control study

Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants

	Healthy controls (n = 36)	Negative Bacterial Culture Group (n = 34)	Respiratory Tract Infection Group (n = 56)	Bloodstream Infection Group (n = 34)	p value
Demographic parameters
Age, years	61.89 ± 16.46	63.59 ± 13.82	69.86 ± 16.51	64.76 ± 15.71	0.087
Male, n(%)	25 (69.44%)	18 (52.94%)	42 (75.00%)	25 (73.53%)	0.148
Temperature (℃)	/	37.57 ± 0.77	37.71 ± 0.69	38.19 ± 0.84	0.002^d,e
Sputum culture
Positive, n(%)	/	0 (0)	56 (100.00%)	13 (38.24%)
Negative, n(%)	/	34 (100.00%)	0	21 (61.76%)
Blood culture
Positive, n(%)	/	0 (0)	0 (0)	34 (100.00%)
Negative, n(%)	/	34 (100.00%)	56 (100.00%)	0 (0)
Laboratory indicators
WBC, ×10⁹/L	6.57 ± 1.32	9.61 ± 4.91	10.33 ± 4.40	10.28 ± 4.80	< 0.001^a,b,c
NLR, %	1.81 ± 0.37	8.67 ± 6.22	15.63 ± 20.13	39.40 ± 81.00	< 0.001^a,b,c
PCT, ng/mL	0.03 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.47	1.82 ± 4.29	4.98 ± 10.00	< 0.001^a,b,c,d
CRP, mg/L	0.92 ± 0.95	56.16 ± 59.10	93.81 ± 85.38	100.83 ± 73.27	< 0.001^a,b,c
CD3⁺ T cell count, ×10⁶/L	1298.06 ± 447.89	675.85 ± 331.00	771.98 ± 879.89	495.24 ± 354.65	< 0.001^a,b,c
CD4⁺ T cell count, ×10⁶/L	692.75 ± 220.20	409.53 ± 216.74	380.59 ± 394.26	254.27 ± 171.14	< 0.001^a,b,c
CD8⁺ T cell count, ×10⁶/L	490.14 ± 191.93	215.82 ± 140.46	341.59 ± 511.73	205.27 ± 219.94	0.001^a,c

Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n(%). The One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison tests, the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison tests, or χ2 test were used
^ap<0.05 for the difference between the controls and Negative Bacterial Bulture Group
^bp<0.05 for the difference between the controls and Respiratory Tract Infection Group
^cp<0.05 for the difference between the controls and Bloodstream Infection Group
^dp<0.05 for the difference between the Negative Bacterial Culture Group and Bloodstream Infection Group
^ep<0.05 for the difference between the Respiratory Tract Infection Group and Bloodstream Infection Group
WBC white blood cell count, NLR neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, PCT procalcitonin, CRP C-reactive protein

ISSN: 1471-2334