Relationship between active Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, a cross-sectional hospital-based study in a Sub-Saharan setting

Tali, Lionel Danny Nguefak; Faujo, Ghislaine Florice Nintewoue; Konang, Justine Laure Nguieguia; Dzoyem, Jean Paul; Kouitcheu, Laure Brigitte Mabeku

doi:10.1186/s12879-022-07718-3

Table 2 Distribution of dyslipidemia-related variables according to socio-economic, lifestyle and medical history factors

From: Relationship between active Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, a cross-sectional hospital-based study in a Sub-Saharan setting

Variable	N	Present n (%)	Absent n (%)	OR (95% CI) [X²]	p value
Hyper total cholesterol		224	139
Age (years)
≤ 20	22	12 (54.54)	10 (45.46)	[12.9720]	0.0114*
[20–35]	72	33 (45.83)	39 (54.17)
[35–50]	101	63 (62.38)	38 (37.62)
[50–65]	122	87 (73.31)	35 (26.69)
> 65	46	29 (63.03)	17 (36.97)
Age ≤ 20
Yes	22	12 (54.55)	10 (45.45)	1.3695 (0.5753–3.2600	0.4773
No	341	212 (62.17)	129 (37.83)	1.3695 (0.5753–3.2600	0.4773
Gender
Female	188	118 (62.77)	70 (37.23)	0.9113 (0.5967–1.3918)	0.6673
Male	175	106 (60.57)	69 (39.43)	0.9113 (0.5967–1.3918)	0.6673
Income level
Low	167	105 (62.87)	62 (31.12)	[2.3822]	0.3039
Middle	192	118 (56.25)	74 (38.54)
High	4	1 (25.00)	3 (75.00)
Low income level
Yes	152	95 (62.50)	57 (37.50)	0.8730 (0.5747–1.3263)	0.5245
No	196	119 (60.71)	77 (39.29)	0.8730 (0.5747–1.3263)	0.5245
Alcohol consumption
Yes	85	46 (54.12)	39 (45.88)	0.6626 (0.4052–1.0837)	0.1011
No	278	178 (64.03)	100 (35.97)	0.6626 (0.4052–1.0837)	0.1011
Physical activity
Yes	154	92 (59.74)	62 (40.26)	0.8656 (0.5645–1.3272)	0.5081
No	209	132 (63.16)	77 (36.84)	0.8656 (0.5645–1.3272)	0.5081
History of hypertension
Yes	64	34 (53.13)	30 (46.88)	2.162 (1.247–3.798)	0.0059*
No	282	97 (34.40)	185 (65.60)	2.162 (1.247–3.798)	0.0059*
History of diabetes mellitus
Yes	91	58 (63.74)	33 (36.26)	1.0744 (0.6535–1.7662)	0.7773
No	253	157 (62.06)	96 (37.94)	1.0744 (0.6535–1.7662)	0.7773
History of obesity
Yes	61	44 (72.13)	17 (27.87)	1.6851 (0.9172–3.0956)	0.0926
No	284	172 (60.56)	112 (39.44)	1.6851 (0.9172–3.0956)	0.0926
High LDL-C		135	228
Age (years)
≤ 20	22	14 (63.63)	8 (36.36)	[2.9524]	0.5658
[20–35]	72	49 (68.05)	23 (31.94)
[35–50]	101	62 (61.38)	39 (38.61)
[50–65]	122	71 (58.20)	51 (41.81)
> 65	46	32 (69.57)	14 (30.43)
Age ≤ 20
Yes	22	8 (36.36)	14 (63.64)	1.0384 (0.4239–2.5437)	0.9343
No	341	127 (37.24)	214 (62.76)	1.0384 (0.4239–2.5437)	0.9343
Gender
Female	188	72 (38.30)	116 (61.70)	0.9063 (0.5918–1.3881)	0.6511
Male	175	63 (36.00)	112 (64.00)	0.9063 (0.5918–1.3881)	0.6511
Income level
Low	167	52 (31.14)	115 (68.86)	[6.7140]	0.0348*
Middle	192	80 (41.66)	112 (58.34)
High	4	3 (75.00)	1 (25.00)
Low income level
Yes	152	46 (30.26)	106 (69.74)	1.7401 (1.1330–2.6727)	0.0114*
No	196	83 (42.35)	113 (57.65)	1.7401 (1.1330–2.6727)	0.0114*
Smoking
Yes	20	7(35.00)	13 (65.00)	0.9055 (0.3522–2.3283	0.8368
No	343	128 (37.32)	215 (62.68)	0.9055 (0.3522–2.3283	0.8368
Alcohol consumption
Yes	85	31 (36.47)	54 (63.53)	0.9606 (0.5803–1.5901)	0.8757
No	278	104 (37.41)	174 (62.59)	0.9606 (0.5803–1.5901)	0.8757
Physical activity
Yes	154	55 (35.71)	99 (64.29)	0.8961 (0.5819–1.3799)	0.6184
No	209	80 (38.28)	129 (61.72)	0.8961 (0.5819–1.3799)	0.6184
History of hypertension
Yes	64	21 (32.81)	43 (67.19)	0.7413 (0.4177–1.3157)	0.3064
No	282	112 (39.72)	170 (60.28)	0.7413 (0.4177–1.3157)	0.3064
History of diabetes mellitus
Yes	91	35 (38.46)	56 (61.54)	0.9885 (0.6042–1.6173)	0.9634
No	253	98 (38.74)	155 (61.26)	0.9885 (0.6042–1.6173)	0.9634
History of obesity
Yes	61	28 (45.90)	33 (54.10)	1.4248 (0.8155–2.4895)	0.2137
No	284	106 (37.32)	178 (62.68)	1.4248 (0.8155–2.4895)	0.2137
Low HDL-C		142	221
Age (years)
≤ 20	22	9 (40.91)	13 (59.10)	[0.3881]	0.9834
[20–35]	72	27 (37.50)	45 (62.5)
[35–50]	101	39 (38.63)	62 (61.37)
[50–65]	122	50 (40.98)	72 (59.02)
> 65	46	17 (36.96)	29 (63.04)
Age ≤ 20
Yes	22	9 (40.91)	13 (59.09)	0.9231 (0.3839–2.2194)	0.8581
No	341	133 (39.00)	208 (61.00)	0.9231 (0.3839–2.2194)	0.8581
Gender
Male	175	58 (33.14)	117 (66.86)	1.6307 (1.0638–2.4956)	0.0248*
Female	188	84 (44.68)	104 (55.32)	1.6307 (1.0638–2.4956)	0.0248*
Income level
Low	167	63 (37.72)	104 (62.27)	[0.6540]	0.7211
Middle	192	78 (40.62)	114 (59.37)
High	4	1 (25.00)	3 (75.00)
Low income level
Yes	152	56 (36.84)	96 (63.16)	1.1154 (0.7348–1.6932)	0.6079
No	196	79 (40.31)	117 (59.69)	1.1154 (0.7348–1.6932)	0.6079
Smoking
Yes	20	7 (35.00)	13 (65.00)	0.8296 (0.3228–2.1324)	0.6982
No	343	135 (39.36)	208 (60.64)	0.8296 (0.3228–2.1324)	0.6982
Alcohol consumption
Yes	85	31 (36.47)	54 (63.53)	0.8637 (0.5225–1.4278)	0.5678
No	278	111 (39.93)	167 (60.07)	0.8637 (0.5225–1.4278)	0.5678
Physical activity
Yes	154	58 (37.66)	96 (62.34)	0.8993 (0.5865–1.3788)	0.6263
No	209	84 (40.19)	125 (59.81)	0.8993 (0.5865–1.3788)	0.6263
History of hypertension
Yes	64	26 (40.63)	38 (59.38)	1.0864 (0.6247–1.8895)	0.7691
No	282	109 (38.65)	173 (61.35)	1.0864 (0.6247–1.8895)	0.7691
History of diabetes mellitus
Yes	91	31 (34.07)	60 (65.93)	0.7649 (0.4634–1.2624)	0.2944
No	253	102 (40.32)	151 (59.68)	0.7649 (0.4634–1.2624)	0.2944
History of obesity
Yes	61	20 (32.79)	41 (67.21)	0.7274 (0.4053–1.3056)	0.2862
No	284	114 (40.14)	170 (59.86)	0.7274 (0.4053–1.3056)	0.2862
High TG		160	203
Age (years)
≤ 20	22	9 (40.91)	13 (59.09)	[4.3294]	0.3633
[20–35]	72	26 (36.13)	46 (63.87)
[35–50]	101	42 (41.59)	59 (58.41)
[50–65]	122	59 (48.36)	63 (51.64)
> 65	46	24 (52.17)	22 (47.83)
Age ≤ 20
Yes	22	9 (5.56)	13 (6.40)	1.1466 (0.4774–2.7541)	0.7596
No	341	151 (94.37)	190 (93.56)	1.1466 (0.4774–2.7541)	0.7596
Gender
Female	188	81 (43.09)	107 (56.91)	1.0871 (0.7181–1.6457)	0.6932
Male	175	79 (45.14)	96 (54.86)	1.0871 (0.7181–1.6457)	0.6932
Income level
Low	167	68 (40.72)	99 (59.28)	[1.4309]	0.4890
Middle	192	90 (46.87)	102 (53.13)
High	4	2 (50.00)	2 (50..00)
Low income level
Yes	152	63 (41.45)	89 (58.55)	1.2392 (0.8224–1.8671)	0.3053
No	196	92 (46.94)	104 (53.06)	1.2392 (0.8224–1.8671)	0.3053
Smoking
Yes	20	12 (60.00)	8 (40.00)	1.9764 (0.7878–4.9580)	0.1466
No	343	148 (43.15)	195 (56.85)	1.9764 (0.7878–4.9580)	0.1466
Alcohol consumption
Yes	85	42 (49.41)	43 (50.59)	1.3244 (0.8136–2.1558)	0.2584
No	278	118 (42.45)	160 (57.55)	1.3244 (0.8136–2.1558)	0.2584
Physical activity
Yes	154	69 (44.81)	85 (55.19)	1.0526 (0.6923–1.6006)	0.8104
No	209	91 (43.54)	118 (56.46)	1.0526 (0.6923–1.6006)	0.8104
History of hypertension
Yes	64	31 (48.44)	33 (51.56)	1.1979 (0.6955–2.0633)	0.5150
No	282	124 (43.97)	158 (56.03)	1.1979 (0.6955–2.0633)	0.5150
History of diabetes mellitus
Yes	91	44 (48.35)	47 (51.65)	1.1983 (0.7413–1.9371)	0.4604
No	253	111 (43.87)	142 (56.13)	1.1983 (0.7413–1.9371)	0.4604
History of obesity
Yes	61	25 (40.98)	36 (59.02)	0.8111 (0.4628–1.4214)	0.4645
No	284	131 (46.13)	153 (53.87)	0.8111 (0.4628–1.4214)	0.4645

LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; N, n: Number; X²: Chi square; (95% CI): 95% confidence intervals; OR: Odd ratio; Bold value with *: Significant., Chi-square value are in []

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